scholarly journals Health risks of air pollution with fine particulate matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-876
Author(s):  
L M Fatkhutdinova ◽  
E A Tafeeva ◽  
G A Timerbulatova ◽  
R R Zalyalov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Wide Range

The review presents up-to-date information on the health effects of ambient fine particulate matter, obtained in large cohort epidemiological studies, as well as in meta-analysis of pooled data. In addition, it summarizes the current data on the potential pathological mechanisms and existing monitoring systems. The literature search used the Scopus, PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index databases for 19902020. The results of epidemiological studies carried out in different countries indicate that fine particles in ambient air pose a serious threat to health. Scientific publications assessing the health impact of particulate matter show a wide range of adverse effects from the increasing incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, including exacerbations of bronchial asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to a high incidence of myocardial infarction, strokes, diabetes mellitus type 2, as well as an increase in overall mortality from natural causes, mainly mortality from respiratory diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, lung cancer. The effects of short-term exposures are described in more detail, while the effects of long-term exposure to fine particles are not well understood. Potential mechanisms of the harmful effects of fine particulate matter include oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, disorders of autonomic regulation and heart rhythm, fine particles translocation through the alveolar barrier into the vascular bed with endothelial damage and thrombus formation, and genotoxicity. Ambient fine particulate matter is a manageable risk factor, and reductions in air pollution will have a significant impact on public health outcomes.

scholarly journals How Do Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Industrialization Affect Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations? An Assessment in Liaoning Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5441
Author(s):  
Tuo Shi ◽  
Yuanman Hu ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Chuyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

With China’s rapid development, urban air pollution problems occur frequently. As one of the principal components of haze, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has potential negative health effects, causing widespread concern. However, the causal interactions and dynamic relationships between socioeconomic factors and ambient air pollution are still unclear, especially in specific regions. As an important industrial base in Northeast China, Liaoning Province is a representative mode of social and economic development. Panel data including PM2.5 concentration and three socio-economic indicators of Liaoning Province from 2000 to 2015 were built. The data were first-difference stationary and the variables were cointegrated. The Granger causality test was used as the main method to test the causality. In the results, in terms of the causal interactions, economic activities, industrialization and urbanization processes all showed positive long-term impacts on changes of PM2.5 concentration. Economic growth and industrialization also significantly affected the variations in PM2.5 concentration in the short term. In terms of the contributions, industrialization contributed the most to the variations of PM2.5 concentration in the sixteen years, followed by economic growth. Though Liaoning Province, an industry-oriented region, has shown characteristics of economic and industrial transformation, policy makers still need to explore more targeted policies to address the regional air pollution issue.

scholarly journals Air pollution and subclinical interstitial lung disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) air–lung study

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1700559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralynn Sack ◽  
Sverre Vedal ◽  
Lianne Sheppard ◽  
Ganesh Raghu ◽  
R. Graham Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Temporal Models

We studied whether ambient air pollution is associated with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) and high attenuation areas (HAAs), which are qualitative and quantitative measurements of subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) on computed tomography (CT).We performed analyses of community-based dwellers enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study. We used cohort-specific spatio-temporal models to estimate ambient pollution (fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3)) at each home. A total of 5495 participants underwent serial assessment of HAAs by cardiac CT; 2671 participants were assessed for ILAs using full lung CT at the 10-year follow-up. We used multivariable logistic regression and linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, tobacco use, scanner technology and study site.The odds of ILAs increased 1.77-fold per 40 ppb increment in NOx (95% CI 1.06 to 2.95, p = 0.03). There was an overall trend towards an association between higher exposure to NOx and greater progression of HAAs (0.45% annual increase in HAAs per 40 ppb increment in NOx; 95% CI −0.02 to 0.92, p = 0.06). Associations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), NOx and NO2 concentrations with progression of HAAs varied by race/ethnicity (p = 0.002, 0.007, 0.04, respectively, for interaction) and were strongest among non-Hispanic white people.We conclude that ambient air pollution exposures were associated with subclinical ILD.

scholarly journals Infant exposure to fine particulate matter and traffic and risk of hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis in a region with lower ambient air pollution

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Karr ◽  
Carole B. Rudra ◽  
Kristin A. Miller ◽  
Timothy R. Gould ◽  
Timothy Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Infant Exposure ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals The Benefits of Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Treatment According to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Exposure

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-822
Author(s):  
Sadeer G. Al-Kindi ◽  
Robert D. Brook ◽  
Udayan Bhatt ◽  
Michael Brauer ◽  
William C. Cushman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Fine Particulate

Fine particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) air pollution is implicated in global mortality, especially from cardiovascular causes. A large body of evidence suggests a link between PM 2.5 and elevation in blood pressure (BP), with the latter implicated as a potential mediator of cardiovascular events. We sought to determine if the outcomes of intensive BP lowering (systolic BP <120 mm Hg) on cardiovascular events are modified by PM 2.5 exposure in the SPRINT (Systolic BP Intervention Trial). We linked annual PM 2.5 exposure estimates derived from an integrated model to subjects participating in SPRINT. We evaluated the effect of intensive BP lowering by PM 2.5 exposure on the primary outcome in SPRINT using cox-proportional hazard models. A total of 9286 participants were linked to PM 2.5 levels (mean age 68±9 years). Intensive BP-lowering decreased risk of the primary outcome more among patients exposed to higher PM 2.5 ( P interaction =0.047). The estimate for lowering of primary outcome was numerically lower in the highest than in the lower quintiles. The benefits of intensive BP-lowering were larger among patients chronically exposed to PM 2.5 levels above US National Ambient Air Quality Standards of 12 µg/m 3 (hazard ratio, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.29–0.74]) compared with those living in cleaner locations (hazard ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.68–0.97]), P interaction =0.037. This exploratory nonprespecified post hoc analysis of SPRINT suggests that the benefits of intensive BP lowering on the primary outcome was greater in patients exposed to higher PM 2.5 , suggesting that the magnitude of benefit may depend upon the magnitude of antecedent PM 2.5 exposure.

scholarly journals Estimates of the 2016 global burden of kidney disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter air pollution

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e022450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bowe ◽  
Yan Xie ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Hong Xian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Life Years

ObjectiveTo quantitate the 2016 global and national burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) attributable to ambient fine particulate matter air pollution ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5).DesignWe used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study data and methodologies to estimate the 2016 burden of CKD attributable to PM2.5in 194 countries and territories. Population-weighted PM2.5levels and incident rates of CKD for each country were curated from the GBD study publicly available data sources.SettingGBD global and national data on PM2.5and CKD.Participants194 countries and territories.Main outcome measuresWe estimated the attributable burden of disease (ABD), years living with disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).ResultsThe 2016 global burden of incident CKD attributable to PM2.5was 6 950 514 (95% uncertainty interval: 5 061 533–8 914 745). Global YLD, YLL and DALYs of CKD attributable to PM2.5were 2 849 311 (1 875 219–3 983 941), 8 587 735 (6 355 784–10 772 239) and 11 445 397 (8 380 246–14 554 091), respectively. Age-standardised ABD, YLL, YLD and DALY rates varied substantially among geographies. Populations in Mesoamerica, Northern Africa, several countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and several countries in Southeast Asia were among those with highest age-standardised DALY rates. For example, age-standardised DALYs per 100 000 were 543.35 (391.16–707.96) in El Salvador, 455.29 (332.51–577.97) in Mexico, 408.41 (283.82–551.84) in Guatemala, 238.25 (173.90–303.98) in India and 178.26 (125.31–238.47) in Sri Lanka, compared with 5.52 (0.82–11.48) in Sweden, 6.46 (0.00–14.49) in Australia and 12.13 (4.95–21.82) in Canada. Frontier analyses showed that Mesoamerican countries had significantly higher CKD DALY rates relative to other countries with comparable sociodemographic development.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the global toll of CKD attributable to ambient air pollution is significant and identify several endemic geographies where air pollution may be a significant driver of CKD burden. Air pollution may need to be considered in the discussion of the global epidemiology of CKD.

scholarly journals Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and semen quality in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Qian Lao ◽  
Zilong Zhang ◽  
Alexis K H Lau ◽  
Ta-Chien Chan ◽  
Yuan Chieh Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range

ObjectivesEnvironmental exposure to chemicals has been considered a potential factor contributing to deteriorated semen quality. However, previous literature on exposure to air pollution and semen quality is inconsistent. We therefore investigated the health effects of short-term and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on semen quality in Taiwanese men from the general population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 6475 male participants aged 15–49 years who participated in a standard medical examination programme in Taiwan between 2001 and 2014. Semen quality was assessed according to the WHO 1999 guidelines, including sperm concentration, total motility, progressive motility and morphology. Three-month and 2-year average PM2.5 concentrations were estimated at each participant’s address using a spatiotemporal model based on satellite-derived aerosol optical depth data. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between PM2.5 and semen quality.ResultsA robust association was observed between exposure to PM2.5 and decreased normal morphology. Every increment of 5 µg/m3 in 2-year average PM2.5 was significantly associated with a decrease of 1.29% in sperm normal morphology and a 26% increased risk of having the bottom 10% of sperm normal morphology, after adjusting for a wide range of potential confounders (p<0.001). On the other hand, an increment of 5 µg/m3 in 2-year average PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 1.03×106/mL in sperm concentration and a 10% decreased risk of being the bottom 10% of sperm concentration (both p<0.001). Similar results were found for 3-month PM2.5.ConclusionsExposure to ambient PM2.5 air pollution is associated with a lower level of sperm normal morphology and a higher level of sperm concentration.

scholarly journals Air pollution and emergency department visits for urticaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Szyszkowicz ◽  
Nicholas De Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Introduction. This study investigates associations between air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for urticaria in Toronto, Canada. Aim. To verify the hypothesis that urticaria are related to air pollution. Material and methods. The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database is used to draw the daily ED visits. The L50 section of the International Classification of Disease 10th Revision is applied to extract ED visits whose primary causes was urticaria-related skin condition. Statistical models (condition Poisson regression) using daily counts of ED visits are constructed for urticaria (health response) with ambient air pollution concentrations and weather factors as independent variable. Two air quality health indexes and six ambient air pollutants: fine particulate matter PM2.5, O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and maximum 8-hour average ozone are considered as an exposure. Results. A total of 176 statistically significant (P-Value <0.05) positive correlations were identified over the 15 day lag period (0-14 days). For daily average of ambient ozone, 74 positive correlations were observed with the following relative risks (RR) for a one interquartile range (IQR=12.8 ppb) increase: RR=1.361 (95% confidence interval: 1.302, 1.404), 1.359 (1.299, 1.401), 1.351 (1.281, 1.404) in the warm season (April-September), lag 0, and RR=1.019 (1.013, 1.025), 1.023 (1.016, 1.030), 1.014 (1.007, 1.021), lag 1, in the cold period (October-March), for all, females, and males, respectively. 10, 45 and 45 positive correlations were also obtained for sulfur dioxide, fine particulate matter, and daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations, respectively. Conclusions. The results indicate that urban ambient air pollution could influence the numbers of ED visits for urticaria. Ambient ozone was determined as the main environmental factor contributing to these associations.

scholarly journals Regulatory T Cells Protect Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-cai Zhang ◽  
Yan-ge Wang ◽  
Zheng-feng Zhu ◽  
Fang-qin Wu ◽  
Yu-dong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Objective. To investigate the role of CD4+CD25+T cells (Tregs) in protecting fine particulate matter (PM-) induced inflammatory responses, and its potential mechanisms.Methods. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with graded concentrations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µg/cm2) of suspension of fine particles for 24h. For coculture experiment, HUVECs were incubated alone, with CD4+CD25−T cells (Teff), or with Tregs in the presence of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies for 48 hours, and then were stimulated with or without suspension of fine particles for 24 hours. The expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines was examined.Results. Adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL-) 6 and IL-8, were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the adhesion of human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) to endothelial cells was increased and NF-κB activity was upregulated in HUVECs after treatment with fine particles. However, after Tregs treatment, fine particles-induced inflammatory responses and NF-κB activation were significantly alleviated. Transwell experiments showed that Treg-mediated suppression of HUVECs inflammatory responses impaired by fine particles required cell contact and soluble factors.Conclusions. Tregs could attenuate fine particles-induced inflammatory responses and NF-κB activation in HUVECs.

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