The attitude to children, their right for life and development in Russia (X cent.-beginning of the XVIII cent.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Galina Lvovna Mikirtichan
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Systematic Program

The article discusses the problem of treatment of children and care for them during the period of Kiev and Moscow Rus and Russia at the beginning of the XVIII century. The basic legislative acts and documents reflecting the situation with children and their legal status, relationships between parents and children are analyzed. The basic principle of relations within the family was lawlessness, unquestioning obedience children to parents which was maintained by both oral reprimands and corporal punishment. Peter I had a systematic program of little-year-olds’ charity on the state level. A number of his decrees aimed to stop infanticide , to change the system of orphans’ protection and help, to alleviate the fate of illegitimate children (including the organization of hospitals for “bastards” and wet nurses service), to create conditions for upbringing and education of children, to reduce beggary. Speed, pragmatism, brutal methods of his reforms splitted the Russian society which was not ready for the new, including the state regulation of orphans’ charity, so the fulfillment of his decrees met great difficulties.

scholarly journals Family Rights of the Child and Their Legislative Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
Vitalii M. Cherneha ◽  
Liudmila V. Kuznetsova ◽  
Oleh V. Fedorchenko ◽  
Olena A. Kaminska ◽  
Sergіі V. Bezpalko
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
State Level ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Legislative Support

The objective of the study was to identify the legal mechanisms for the protection of the family rights of the child and to outline the main problems of their implementation. The child's family rights system was found to contain the child's intangible basic rights, which establish his or her legal status in the family. This system includes the child's right to life, name, citizenship, knowledge of his parents, care of parents, coexistence with parents, preservation of his identity and citizenship, free expression of his own views. It states that the protection of the family rights of the child and the legal relations of parents and children is based on four principles. It is determined that the practical solution of issues related to the exercise of the family rights of the child is regulated by international law, which makes it possible to resolve issues related to the legal relationship between parents and children at the inter-State level. It is concluded that perspectives on legislative support for the family rights of the child demand further empirical research, as well as a theoretical and methodological justification for determining the legal mechanisms of their practical implementation.

The Hostile Family and the Purpose of the “Natural Kingdom” in Hobbes's Political Thought

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-398
Author(s):  
Rita Koganzon
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Personal Rule

AbstractIn his political writings, Hobbes consistently distinguishes between “natural” and “artificial” commonwealths—those that arise from the family, and those created by mutual covenants. Although he insists that “both have the same right of government,” closer examination of Hobbes's accounts of the family reveals that it is a radically deficient model for the state, and that Hobbes was engaged in a polemic against both republicans and absolutists who claimed that parental power was natural, prior to, and even a model for the power of civil sovereigns. For Hobbes, a state based on parental rule is dangerously unstable, exacerbating the mutual fears of parents and children. The “office of the sovereign representative” defuses this conflict, and within the commonwealth, the family is denaturalized and reconstituted as an educative institution whose purpose is to reinforce the artificial sovereign by schooling both parents and children in the miseries of personal rule.

Parents and Children: Rights and Duties

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Grossman ◽  
Lawrence M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The State ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
American Law ◽  
Children Rights

This chapter looks at the rights and obligations of those who have earned (or been saddled with) the legal status of “parent.” It examines state intervention in troubled families and challenges to parental authority by third parties (grandparents seeking visitation rights, for example). The chapter also looks at children's procedural and expressive rights against the state, and the rights against their parents related to financial independence, sex, marriage, and reproduction. It shows that American law has empowered children—at least to a degree—and has defined not only their rights, but also what society and their parents owe them, though enforcing these rights can be somewhat difficult regardless.

Part III, 7 Families, Parents and Children

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahdar Rex ◽  
Leigh Ian
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
Family Autonomy ◽  
Religious Claim

This chapter examines religious freedom issues that concern the family and parents. There can be no doubt that religiously devout parents are vitally interested in the successful transmission of their faith to their offspring. This is one of the prime incidents of religious liberty. One US judge ventured that ‘no aspect of religious freedom is more treasured than the right of parents to teach children to worship God’. The chapter is organized as follows. Section II outlines the current law governing family autonomy and the religious upbringing of children. Section III contrasts liberal and religious conceptions of the family and childrearing. Section IV explores three controversial topics. First, does a maturing child have an independent right of religious liberty? If not, should she? Second, what is the scope of religious childrearing in the fractured family? Do divorced or separated parents have attenuated rights compared to those parents who are still together? Third, do devout parents have any special religious claim to administer corporal punishment to their children amidst the growing international call for the abolition of the parental right of reasonable chastisement?

scholarly journals Meme As an Element of the Cultural Code of Self-Identification of Russian Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Melikov ◽  
◽  
Victoria G. Sipovich ◽  
Nikolay M. Karas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Global Information ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Cultural Variable ◽  
Global Information Society ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Cultural Code

The article analyzes the challenges of the state identity of the Russian society in the process of formation of the global information society. The article considers the meme as an information and communication construct, examines its role and influence on the formation of state identity and its application at the state level and in politics. The article analyzes the specifics of the Russian identity in the context of transformation into a new form, as well as the trends of its functioning in the current modern realities, as a result of the influence of external actors on it and the increasing role of Westernization. The conclusion is formulated that the meme is an independent cultural variable that influences the functioning of state identity within the global information society.

scholarly journals State family policy in France and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Anatolievna Shaidenko ◽  
Elena Yakovlevna Orekhova ◽  
Alexander Nikolaevich Sergeev ◽  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Kipurova
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Family ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Family State

State family policy and its important direction, which is the improvement of the living conditions of orphans and children left without parental care, require constant updating due to socio-economic and political circumstances. Changes should concern both the state level and the level of specific regions. The improvement of the forms and methods of relations between the state, family and children in a particular country is possible with the consideration of the advanced achievements and miscalculations of other states in this policy. Therefore, it is highly important for the theory and practice of the development of Russian family state and regional policy to study the experience of France. The study made it possible to draw conclusions about the specifics of state policy in the formation of family and childhood in France. In this period, family policy in France has gone from exclusion from the family by the school to a discourse of cooperation. Particular attention is paid to the French School Orientation and Reform Act of June 8, 2013, of particular interest. It recognizes the importance of establishing partnerships between the school and the family and proposes measures of cooperation between school and family, some of which are interesting for contemporary Russian reality. The article shows the advantage of modern Russian family state policy by characterizing its goals, principles and objectives defined in the main regulatory documents of the last decade. The materials of the article are of practical value for legislators and heads of social services of different levels, specialists of educational authorities, social protection, guardianship and trusteeship. The article is of interest to teachers and students of pedagogical universities.

scholarly journals Demokrasi dalam Keluarga di Ruang Komunikasi Digital Masa Kini

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambros Leonangung Edu ◽  
Richard A Nelwan
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
The Family ◽  
Excessive Entry

This paper background describes about democratic values such as equality, honesty, openness, freedom due to the intervention of digital technology. The basic assumption of this paper is that democracy which is known to the public is accepted and has strong roots in the family lives. Family is the first place a person gets to know democracy. Home is a space for the seeds of democracy to grow. Democracy in the family matures the democratic process in society and the state. A democraticperson in  family is a democratic cittizen in state life. The purpose of this paper is to explore democratic values in the family as a place for the development of democracy at the state level, and how the shift in democracy at the family level occurs due to the presence of digital technology which distorts communication, relationships, and the value of equality. The description in this paper comes to the conclusion that there is a good side to democracy in a family that grows above physical and emotional relationships, direct and face-to-face relationships. The facts that occur in today's families, the breakdown, estrangement, and disharmony in today's families, one of which is triggered by the lack of direct communication due to excessive entry of digital technology.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
L.M. Parente
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Delegation Of Powers

The article examines the historical and legal preconditions for the formation of self-regulation in Ukraine and other countries. On the basis of the conducted research, the peculiarities of the development of self-regulation in the territory of Ukraine in different historical periods are determined. The preconditions for the formation of the institution of self-regulation in the field of management and professional activity are described. It is determined that self-regulation has been inherent in society since the beginning of the primary forms of the common cause. The primary forms of SROs developed rules of professional activity, performed the functions of control and supervision due to the vacuum of state regulation in such areas. The peculiarity of such organizations was certain legalization by the state. Such SROs regulated their own activities at the level of development and adoption of local acts. A feature of national self-regulation was the transition from voluntary to compulsory regulation. to distinguish three periods of development of legislative support in the field of self-regulation. Declarative (from 1991 to 1996): this period is characterized by the formal consolidation at the legislative level of the right of participants in public relations to create an SRO. However, the status of SROs was practically not regulated at the legislative level. At the state level, there was no strategy for the development of self-regulation in the field of management and professional activities. Institutional (from 1996 to 2016): during this period the system of delegation of powers from public authorities of the SRO, the system of legalization of the SRO is introduced. However, the rules on SROs are still chaotic, there is no clear mechanism for control and supervision of SRO activities by public authorities, the concept of participation in SROs as business entities and persons of certain professions is not defined. In a number of areas, despite the consolidation of the right to create SROs at the level of laws, SROs have not worked. Reformation (from 2016 to the present): characterized by the development at the legislative level of the Concept of reforming the institution of self-regulation, which outlines the problematic issues of the institution of self-regulation in Ukraine, identifies areas for improvement. Keywords: self-regulation, a self-regulatory organization, the sphere of management, professional activity, a delegation of powers.

ROLE AND FEATURES OF RESOURCE-SAVING PROCESSES IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE STRATEGIC INITIATIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
I. P. BOGOMOLOVA ◽  
◽  
E. I. KRIVENKO ◽  
V. N. POPOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Strategic Initiatives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Approaches

The subject of the research is General trends and changes in the field of resource conservation occurring in the economy at the national level, in the aspect of state regulation. The purpose of the work is to determine the level of resource efficiency of the Russian economy, to formulate the key directions of state policy implementation for activating resource-oriented projects. The basic approaches to the interpretation of the category “resource saving” are worked out, the content essence of the definition is established. The analysis of foreign experience in implementing and supporting resource-saving measures at the state level is carried out. Determined main tasks of implementation of resource-saving policy of the state; developed tools to enhance and regulate the resources; formed and grounded conceptual positions of methodical maintenance of transition of the national economy of Russia to the path of sustainable development.

scholarly journals The Development of Regulation of the Family and Marriage Institutions in Russia in the Context of the Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Evgeny Mamay ◽  
Julia Ermakova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
Family And Marriage

Introduction: the institution of marriage is the pillar of every society and state and forms their material, spiritual, psychological and even ideological basis. The state is inextricably linked with the family and marriage. Changing each of the elements of this interaction leads to the radical changes in the entire system, so the state must regulate these social institutions in a certain way. Modern Russia strives to achieve a reasonable balance of human rights and freedoms, develop a democratic society and work closely with the international community while preserving the established moral foundations and traditional values related to the institution of the family and marriage. The purpose of the publication is to determine the current state and prospective vectors of development of the state policy in relation to the institution of marriage. The research methodology is based on the use of the logical, dialectical techniques and methods of scientific knowledge, the comparative legal and legal-technical analysis of the texts of laws and other documents. Results: the paper analyzes the scientific literature, the Russian and foreign legislation, the international legal acts and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in order to determine the efficiency of the state policy in this area, establish the criteria for achieving a sufficient balance between the non-interference of the state in the gender issues and maintaining the institution of traditional marriage in Russia. The conducted research of the issue suggests that in general, the legislation of the Russian Federation concerning the family and marriage relations is quite stable, but in response to the challenges of modern times, it is undergoing a certain reform. Conclusions: the practice of implementing the European Convention on Human Rights requires that the Russian legislation be seriously reformed in terms of regulating the gender issues and marital and family relations. In recent years, the Russian Federation has repeatedly lost cases in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), without being able to defend the fairness of its position. According to the authors of the publication, the solution to this problem is possible by reviewing certain international obligations of Russia in the context of their interpretation of the ECHR, as well as forming a consolidated position in Russian society regarding the institution of traditional marriage and the gender relations. These changes should be reflected in both the domestic legislation and the legalized law enforcement practices. The authors consider the achieved level of tolerance of Russian law regarding the institutions of the family and marriage to be extremely sufficient for the preservation and sustainable development of Russian society.

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