Aging Influences the Value of Serum Leptin as Prostate Cancer Risk Factor

2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Bologna ◽  
Patrizia Sanità ◽  
Carlo Vicentini ◽  
Adriano Angelucci ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Depository fat functions as endocrine tissue able to regulate whole-body energy homeostasis. Obesity and aging are independently associated with a deregulation of adipose tissue, resulting in pro-inflammatory status and excessive release of adipokines. These events are under investigation for a possible synergism in determining chronic diseases, including cardiovascular illnesses and several types of cancer. Our data, obtained through an observational study conducted with prostate cancer patients, confirmed the association of leptin, an adipose tissue-derived adipokine, with cancer, and suggested that serum leptin represents a stronger risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa) in older than in younger subjects. In elderly patients, visceral obesity measured by waist to hip ratio provided a better correlation with serum leptin in terms of body mass index (BMI) measurements and appeared to be a more adequate indicator for obesity. The expression of leptin receptor mainly observed in invasive prostate carcinoma tissue and in aggressive prostate cancer cell lines suggests a possible molecular link between persistently high leptin levels, seen in aged obese subjects, and PCa progression.

scholarly journals Influence of the presence of OB-Re on leptin radioimmunoassay

2001 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Murakami ◽  
S Otani ◽  
T Honjoh ◽  
T Doi ◽  
K Shima
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Mouse Placenta ◽  
Pregnant State

Leptin, a hormone derived from adipose tissue, regulates energy homeostasis and body weight. In the mouse, serum leptin levels, when measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), increase by a factor of more than 50 times during pregnancy, compared with those in the non-pregnant state. It is well known that mouse placenta produces the secretory isoform of the leptin receptor, OB-Re. In order to investigate the issue of whether serum leptin levels are actually increased during pregnancy or whether the increased OB-Re concentration plays a role in this phenomenon, serum leptin levels were determined by the immunoprecipitation of leptin using anti-leptin antibody, and were found to be increased only by about ten times during pregnancy. To investigate the influence of OB-Re on leptin measurement by the RIA procedure, serum leptin levels were measured by the RIA after the addition of OB-Re to the serum. The apparent values of leptin levels increased in parallel with the amount of OB-Re added to the serum. Leptin levels, as determined by the RIA, might therefore provide artificially high values when serum levels of the secretory form of OB-R are high, in cases, for example, such as the last period of pregnancy in mice.

scholarly journals DsbA-L deficiency in T cells promotes diet-induced thermogenesis through suppressing IFN-γ production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhou ◽  
Xinyi Peng ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Liwen Wang ◽  
Hairong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

AbstractAdipose tissue-resident T cells have been recognized as a critical regulator of thermogenesis and energy expenditure, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding greatly suppresses the expression of disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), a mitochondria-localized chaperone protein, in adipose-resident T cells, which correlates with reduced T cell mitochondrial function. T cell-specific knockout of DsbA-L enhances diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and protects mice from HFD-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, DsbA-L deficiency in T cells reduces IFN-γ production and activates protein kinase A by reducing phosphodiesterase-4D expression, leading to increased BAT thermogenesis. Taken together, our study uncovers a mechanism by which T cells communicate with brown adipocytes to regulate BAT thermogenesis and whole-body energy homeostasis. Our findings highlight a therapeutic potential of targeting T cells for the treatment of over nutrition-induced obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Free leptin index and thyroid function in male highly trained athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Perseghin ◽  
Guido Lattuada ◽  
Francesca Ragogna ◽  
Giampietro Alberti ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein 4

ObjectiveExercise training may cause changes in thyroid function. This thyroid response may be due to exercise-induced modulation of energy metabolism but also of the adipocytes endocrine function. In particular, the role of leptin and of circulating soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) was unexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between thyroid function, whole body energy metabolism, and adipokines – mainly leptin and its receptor, sOB-R.MethodsWe measured serum TSH, free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine, leptin, and sOB-R and assessed energy homeostasis by means of indirect calorimetry, in 27 highly trained athletes and 27 sedentary, healthy men.ResultsTSH–FT3 ratio was lower in athletes (P<0.03), either in sustained power or anaerobic power-sprint athletes (n=13) or marathon runners (n=14). Whole body respiratory quotient was lower in athletes. Fasting serum sOB-R was higher and leptin lower in athletes than controls. Also serum adiponectin, resistin, and retinol binding protein-4 concentrations were different in athletes than in controls. The ratio between leptin and sOB-R, the free leptin index (FLI), was lower in athletes than in controls (0.025±0.014 vs 0.085±0.049; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, FLI retained independent association with TSH–FT3 ratio.ConclusionMale, elite athletes had lower TSH–FT3 ratio and FLI than controls while FLI was independently associated with TSH–FT3 ratio supporting the hypothesis that the level of biologically active leptin is involved in the adaptive response of thyroid function in professional athletes.

605 COMBINATION OF ADH GENE POLYMORPHISM AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION CONSTITUTES A NOVEL PROSTATE CANCER RISK FACTOR IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 185 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel L. Bañez ◽  
Cathrine Hoyo ◽  
Elizabeth M. Masko ◽  
Elizabeth E. Calloway ◽  
Kathleen H. Shuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Factor ◽  
Adh Gene

scholarly journals Adipose tissue NAD+ biosynthesis is required for regulating adaptive thermogenesis and whole-body energy homeostasis in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (47) ◽  
pp. 23822-23828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Yamaguchi ◽  
Michael P. Franczyk ◽  
Maria Chondronikola ◽  
Nathan Qi ◽  
Subhadra C. Gunawardana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Body Energy

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical coenzyme for cellular energy metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine the importance of brown and white adipose tissue (BAT and WAT) NAD+ metabolism in regulating whole-body thermogenesis and energy metabolism. Accordingly, we generated and analyzed adipocyte-specific nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) knockout (ANKO) and brown adipocyte-specific Nampt knockout (BANKO) mice because NAMPT is the rate-limiting NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme. We found ANKO mice, which lack NAMPT in both BAT and WAT, had impaired gene programs involved in thermogenesis and mitochondrial function in BAT and a blunted thermogenic (rectal temperature, BAT temperature, and whole-body oxygen consumption) response to acute cold exposure, prolonged fasting, and administration of β-adrenergic agonists (norepinephrine and CL-316243). In addition, the absence of NAMPT in WAT markedly reduced adrenergic-mediated lipolytic activity, likely through inactivation of the NAD+–SIRT1–caveolin-1 axis, which limits an important fuel source fatty acid for BAT thermogenesis. These metabolic abnormalities were rescued by treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which bypasses the block in NAD+ synthesis induced by NAMPT deficiency. Although BANKO mice, which lack NAMPT in BAT only, had BAT cellular alterations similar to the ANKO mice, BANKO mice had normal thermogenic and lipolytic responses. We also found NAMPT expression in supraclavicular adipose tissue (where human BAT is localized) obtained from human subjects increased during cold exposure, suggesting our finding in rodents could apply to people. These results demonstrate that adipose NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis is essential for regulating adaptive thermogenesis, lipolysis, and whole-body energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Excessive ectopic accumulation of adipose tissue around the prostate: New risk factor for prostate cancer aggressiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e659
Author(s):  
M. Roumiguie ◽  
A. Toulet ◽  
D. Esteve ◽  
C. Manceau ◽  
D. Mlilhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cancer Aggressiveness

Visceral Obesity Assessment by MRI and Prostate Cancer Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-703
Author(s):  
Myeong Seong Kim ◽  
Jae Young Joung
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Visceral Obesity

scholarly journals Regulation of Adipose Differentiation by Fructose and GluT5

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1773-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Du ◽  
Anthony P. Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽  
Fructose Intake ◽  
Adipose Differentiation

Abstract Adipose tissue is an important metabolic organ that is crucial for whole-body insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Highly refined fructose intake increases visceral adiposity although the mechanism(s) remain unclear. Differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes is a highly regulated process that is associated with characteristic sequential changes in adipocyte gene expression. We demonstrate that fructose treatment of murine 3T3-L1 cells incubated in standard differentiation medium increases adipogenesis and adipocyte-related gene expression. We further show that the key fructose transporter, GluT5, is expressed in early-stage adipocyte differentiation but is not expressed in mature adipocytes. GluT5 overexpression or knockdown increased and decreased adipocyte differentiation, respectively, and treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with a specific GluT5 inhibitor decreased adipocyte differentiation. Epidymal white adipose tissue was reduced in GluT5−/− mice compared with wild-type mice, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from GluT5−/− mice exhibited impaired adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that fructose and GluT5 play an important role in regulating adipose differentiation.

scholarly journals РОЛЬ МАРКЕРА КОСТНОГО РЕМОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ОСТЕОКАЛЬЦИНА В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗА ПРИ САХАРНОМ ДИАБЕТЕ 2 ТИПА

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5(57)) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Ковальчук А. В. ◽  
Зиныч О. В. ◽  
Корпачев В. В. ◽  
Кушнарева Н. Н. ◽  
Прибила О. В.
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
General Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Osteocalcin (OK) is actively involved in the humoral regulation of energy homeostasis. However, the relationship between the level of OK as a modulator of metabolic processes and constitutional and metabolic features in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) of a different gender remains not thoroughly studied.The study included 127 patients with type 2 diabetes ≥ 50 years of age. Of these, 70 were postmenopausal women and 57 men.It was found that in the general group of women, the concentration of OK in the blood serum was significantly higher than in men. The observed difference is due to significantly higher levels of OK in women of the older age group (≥ 60 years) in comparison with men. At the same time, a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck was observed in subgroups of men and women aged ≥ 60 years and older, while in the younger subgroups of patients, the BMD of lumbar and femoral zones were close to each other.The relationships between OK levels and adipose tissue parameters, evaluated by calculating the morphological and functional index of visceral obesity (IVO), were investigated. An increase in the OK level in the groups of men and women was accompanied by a decrease in the IVO values. The highest degree of insulin resistance was determined in groups of patients with minimal levels of OK and high IVO, and the lowest values were recorded in patients with high levels of OK and low IVO.The decrease of the blood OK level in patients with type 2 diabetes occurs in parallel with an increase in the degree of insulin resistance and dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue. In this case, IVO is a more accurate parameter reflecting the constitutional and metabolic phenotypic changes, compared with the index of the waist circumference. The decrease in BMD in patients with type 2 diabetes is the result of predominantly involutive processes that are noticeable at the age of ≥ 60 years and occur against the background of a decrease in the content of OK with age.

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