scholarly journals Dermatomycosis from the Perspective of Dermatopathology (Version 1.1)

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Taekwoon Kim Kim ◽  
Jeongsoo Lee ◽  
Joonsoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
English Version ◽  
Culture Test ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Dermatomycosis is a skin disease caused by fungi, including dermatophytes and yeasts. Its diagnostic methods include KOH smear, fungal culture test, Wood's lamp test, biopsy, and molecular biology test. Superficial dermatomycosis can already be diagnosed using only KOH smear and culture test, so biopsy has not yet received attention from many clinicians. Nonetheless, biopsy is one of the most basic tests in the field of dermatology, with high diagnostic value for deep and superficial dermatomycoses, which often shows negative findings on KOH smear or fungal culture test. In this study, the histopathologic findings and special chemical staining methods in dermatomycosis are described. This review article is an upgraded English version of the review paper "Dermatomycosis from the perspective of dermatopathology (Korean Version 1.0)" published in 2016.

scholarly journals A Review of Diagnostic Methods and Results for HIV-associated Disseminated Histoplasmosis: Shouldn’t We be Involving Pathologists More Systematically?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Nacher ◽  
Audrey Valdes ◽  
Antoine Adenis ◽  
Philippe Abboud ◽  
Magalie Demar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Lower Digestive Tract

Abstract Background. Disseminated histoplasmosis is a major killer of HIV-infected persons in Latin America. Antigen detection, fungal culture, or Polymerase Chain Reaction are often not available, but cytology and histology are usually present in most hospitals and may represent an important diagnostic alternative. In this study, we review 34 years of clinical experience to describe the respective place of cytology and histology to diagnose disseminated histoplasmosis.Methods. Between January 1st, 1981 and October 1st, 2014, a retrospective multicentric study was performed on 349 patients with confirmed disseminated histoplasmosis. Results. Whereas bone marrow was by far the most common sample taken, only 14.9% of samples were screened using cytopathology, the second most frequent sample taken was bonchoalveolar lavage for which 9.9% were subjected to cytopathological analysis, and finally spinal fluid for which 16.4% were subjected to cytopathological analysis. The samples most systematically sent to pathology were liver biopsies, lower digestive tract, and lymphnode biopsies and the most contributive in terms of positive results were lower digestive tract (72.9% positives), lymph node (66.1%), and liver (50.7%). 97.2% of bone marrow samples were subjected to direct examination by the mycologist, the second most frequent sample taken was bronchoalveolar lavage for which 97% were subjected to direct examination. Positive direct examination was independently associated with death (aHR=1.5 (95%CI=1-2.2), and positive pathology was associated with less mortality ((aHR=0.66 (95%CI=0.44-1). Conclusions. Opportunities for a rapid diagnosis were regularly missed, notably for bone marrow samples which could have been examined using complementary staining methods to those of mycologist.

Diagnostic Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening of β-thalassemia by Cell Free Fetal DNA and Fetal NRBC

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nadia Shafei ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi ◽  
Massoud Houshmand ◽  
Siavash Gerayeshnejad ◽  
Fardin Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Multiple Displacement Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Background: Beta thalassemia is a common disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. The most prenatal diagnostic methods are the invasive techniques that have the risk of miscarriage. Now the non-invasive methods will be gradually alternative for these invasive techniques. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of two non-invasive diagnostic methods for fetal thalassemia using cell free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) and nucleated RBC (NRBC) in one sampling community. Methods: 10 ml of blood was taken in two k3EDTA tube from 32 pregnant women (mean of gestational age = 11 weeks), who themselves and their husbands had minor thalassemia. One tube was used to enrich NRBC and other was used for cff-DNA extraction. NRBCs were isolated by MACS method and immunohistochemistry; the genome of stained cells was amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) procedure. These products were used as template in b-globin segments PCR. cff-DNA was extracted by THP method and 300 bp areas were recovered from the agarose gel as fetus DNA. These DNA were used as template in touch down PCR to amplify b-globin gen. The amplified b-globin segments were sequenced and the results compared with CVS resul. Results: The data showed that sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by NRBC were 100% and 92% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by cff-DNA were 100% and 84% respectively. Conclusion: These methods with high sensitivity can be used as screening test but due to their lower specificity than CVS, they cannot be used as diagnostic test.

Endobronchial Ultrasound Multimodal Imaging for the Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Lymph Nodes

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhi ◽  
Junxiang Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Fangfang Xie ◽  
Xiaoxuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Structure Heterogeneity

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) imaging is valuable in diagnosing intrathoracic lymph nodes (LNs), but there has been little analysis of multimodal imaging. This study aimed to comprehensively compare the diagnostic performance of single and multimodal combinations of EBUS imaging in differentiating benign and malignant intrathoracic LNs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Subjects from July 2018 to June 2019 were consecutively enrolled in the model group and July 2019 to August 2019 in the validation group. Sonographic features of three EBUS modes were analysed in the model group for the identification of malignant LNs from benign LNs. The validation group was used to verify the diagnostic efficiency of single and multimodal diagnostic methods built in the model group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 373 LNs (215 malignant and 158 benign) from 335 subjects and 138 LNs (79 malignant and 59 benign) from 116 subjects were analysed in the model and validation groups, respectively. For single mode, elastography had the best diagnostic value, followed by grayscale and Doppler. The corresponding accuracies in the validation group were 83.3%, 76.8%, and 71.0%, respectively. Grayscale with elastography had the best diagnostic efficiency of multimodal methods. When at least two of the three features (absence of central hilar structure, heterogeneity, and qualitative elastography score 4–5) were positive, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the validation group were 88.6%, 78.0%, and 84.1%, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In both model and validation groups, elastography performed the best in single EBUS modes, as well as grayscale combined with elastography in multimodal imaging. Elastography alone or combined with grayscale are feasible to help predict intrathoracic benign and malignant LNs.

scholarly journals An Over View of Ovine and Caprine Dermatophytosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wisal G. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Direct Examination

Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of hair and keratinized layers of the epidermis and is caused by keratinophilic and keratinolytic genera such as Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The animal age and trauma are important predisposing factors of disease. Show lambs are more susceptible to ringworm. T. verrucosum has been cited as a major agent encountered in cases of ovine and caprine ringworm. Lesions in lambs are most often noticed on the head while in goats lesions can occur beside head in pinnae, neck, and legs. The disease can be diagnosed by direct examination, fungal culture, skin biopsy and molecular diagnostic methods. This review will forecast more light on the different aspects of this disease.

scholarly journals A Reviews on Behaviour of Industrial Chimneys

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Sachin Mutkure ◽  
Rashmi Bharatey ◽  
Dilip Mase
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Geometrical Condition ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
Modelling Methodology

Review article contains various research paper related to the topic chimney and forces acting on it like the seismic force, earthquake forces as well as geographical condition, fundamental time, model analysis and software analysis and modelling of the chimney. Various software is used to analysis and modelling of the chimney.in this paper discuss various modelling concept and problem behind them. The purposes of this paper are to identify the problem associate with a chimney as per Indian geometrical condition as well as the seismic zone in India. This review paper help to improve knowledge regarding design and modelling methodology aspects.

scholarly journals PATHOGENETIC JUSTIFICATION OF NEW APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF ORAL CAVITY IN CHRONIC GENERALIZED PARODONTITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Базарный ◽  
Vladimir Bazarnyy ◽  
Лариса Полушина ◽  
Larisa Polushina ◽  
Арина Максимова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

Introduction. A variety of concepts and approaches to the analysis of the etiology and pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, results in increased interest in the search for highly informative diagnostic methods, especially at the stage of pre-clinical manifestations. Objectives. The aim of the study was to analyze the possibilities of modern technologies in diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. Materials and methods. We studied original papers on the diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions from several databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. Results. The review presents both generally accepted and alternative approaches to the diagnostics of different clinical manifestations in temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. We described the diagnostic value of occlusal disorders analysis in universal articulators, virtual articulators, T-scan system. Capabilities of teleroentgenography, axiography, electromyography, computed and magnetic resonance imaging were estimated as well. Conclusions. The literature review on the problem of diagnosing the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions showed a scientifically based spectrum of diagnostic capabilities of modern dentistry, a trend in the development of highly informative digital diagnostic technologies. Due to the diversity of the etiology and pathogenesis of the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions further in-depth studies of this issue are required.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Imaging Combined With Tumor Markers in Early Detection of Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Ju Wei ◽  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Jun-Yan Wang ◽  
Jing-Xu Ma ◽  
Feng-Bin Chuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Early Lung Cancer ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: The objective of this research is to explore the diagnostic value of imaging plus tumor markers in the early detection of lung cancer.Methods: Sixty patients with lung cancer treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as group A. They were matched with 60 patients with benign lung disease as group B and 60 healthy subjects examined in our hospital as group C. The carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), CYFRA21-1, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were assessed, and the diagnostic value of tumor markers plus imaging in lung cancer diagnosis was explored.Results: The CEA, CYFRA21-1, and NSE in group A were evidently superior to those in groups B and C, and those in group B were superior to those in group C (all P &lt; 0.001). CEA had the highest sensitivity (56.7%), and NSE had the highest specificity (93.3%). The tumor markers plus imaging had the highest sensitivity for different types of lung cancer, and the sensitivity to early lung cancer (90%) was superior to other diagnostic methods (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The tumor markers plus imaging is of great significance in early lung cancer diagnosis and provides a reference for judging the pathological classification.

scholarly journals Acute cardiac dyspnea in the emergency department: diagnostic value of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide and galectin-3

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Stoica ◽  
Victoriţa Şorodoc ◽  
Cătălina Lionte ◽  
Irina M. Jaba ◽  
Irina Costache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Galectin 3

Objective This study was performed to determine whether a dual-biomarker approach using N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3 optimizes the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute cardiac dyspnea. Atypical clinical manifestations and overlapping pathologies require objective and effective diagnostic methods to avoid treatment delays. Methods This prospective observational study included 208 patients who presented to the emergency department for acute dyspnea. NT-proBNP and galectin-3 were measured upon admission. The patients were divided into two groups according to the etiology of their clinical manifestations: cardiac and non-cardiac dyspnea. The patients’ New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, and discharge status were assessed. Results Diagnostic criteria for acute heart failure were fulfilled in 61.1% of the patients. NT-proBNP and galectin-3 were strongly and significantly correlated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed similar areas under the curve for both markers in the entire group of patients as well as in the high-risk subsets of patients. Conclusions The diagnostic performance of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 is comparable for both the total population and high-risk subsets. Galectin-3 adds diagnostic value to the conventional NT-proBNP in patients with acute cardiac dyspnea, and its utility is of major interest in uncertain clinical situations.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis: clinic, diagnosis, treatment (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
A.E. Babushkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Chlamydial Infections

The review article addresses the practical aspects of chlamydial conjunctivitis. In particular, it summarizes the clinical forms, diagnostic methods, local and systemic treatment of chlamydial infections of the eyes, as well as the prevention of this disease. Key words: chlamydial conjunctivitis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment.

scholarly journals The Diagnosis of Fungal Neglected Tropical Diseases (Fungal NTDs) and the Role of Investigation and Laboratory Tests: An Expert Consensus Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Hay ◽  
David W Denning ◽  
Alexandro Bonifaz ◽  
Flavio Queiroz-Telles ◽  
Karlyn Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Direct Microscopy ◽  
Healthcare Settings

The diagnosis of fungal Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) is primarily based on initial visual recognition of a suspected case followed by confirmatory laboratory testing, which is often limited to specialized facilities. Although molecular and serodiagnostic tools have advanced, a substantial gap remains between the desirable and the practical in endemic settings. To explore this issue further, we conducted a survey of subject matter experts on the optimal diagnostic methods sufficient to initiate treatment in well-equipped versus basic healthcare settings, as well as optimal sampling methods, for three fungal NTDs: mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, and sporotrichosis. A survey of 23 centres found consensus on the key role of semi-invasive sampling methods such as biopsy diagnosis as compared with swabs or impression smears, and on the importance of histopathology, direct microscopy, and culture for mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis confirmation in well-equipped laboratories. In basic healthcare settings, direct microscopy combined with clinical signs were reported to be the most useful diagnostic indicators to prompt referral for treatment. The survey identified that the diagnosis of sporotrichosis is the most problematic with poor sensitivity across the most widely available laboratory tests except fungal culture, highlighting the need to improve mycological diagnostic capacity and to develop innovative diagnostic solutions. Fungal microscopy and culture are now recognized as WHO essential diagnostic tests and better training in their application will help improve the situation. For mycetoma and sporotrichosis, in particular, advances in identifying specific marker antigens or genomic sequences may pave the way for new laboratory-based or point-of-care tests, although this is a formidable task given the large number of different organisms that can cause fungal NTDs.

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