Hidrolisis minyak biji asam jawa (tamarindus indica linn) menjadi asam lemaknya dan uji aktivitas antibakteri

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Arnanda Dhafin Rizky ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Parlan Parlan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Saponification tamarind seed oil used potassium hydroxide and acidification with hydrochloric acid is produced fatty acid in the form of soft white solid, has melting point 50-55 degrees celcius. The result of this hydrolysis positive test of unsaturation. It has an acid number of 115.36, saponification number of 114.80, and iodine number of 53.34. The success of hydrolysis of oil into fatty acid is characterized by identification of IR spectra showing O-H vibration with moderate intensity and widening, C=O vibration of carboxylic acid with strong intensity. Fatty acids of tamarind seed have the potential as antibacterial to test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with diameter respectively 7.31 mm and 7.58 mm. Minyak biji asam jawa yang disaponifikasi menggunakan kalium hidroksida dan pengasaman dengan asam klorida dihasilkan asam lemak berupa padatan lunak berwana putih, memiliki titik lebur 50-55 derajat celcius. hasil hidrolisis ini positif uji ketidakjenuhan, bilangan asam 115,36, bilangan penyabunan 114,80, dan bilangan iod 53,34. Keberhasilan hidrolisis minyak menjadi asam lemak ditandai dari identifikasi spektrum IR yang menunjukkan vibrasi ulur O-H dengan intensitas sedang dan melebar serta vibrasi ulur C=O asam karboksilat dengan intensitas kuat. Asam lemak biji asam jawa berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan zona hambat masing-masing 7,31 mm dan 7,58 mm.

scholarly journals Transepidermal Water Loss Value Comparison Between Tengkawang and Durian Seed Oil Lotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Irma Ramadhani Febriaty ◽  
Thamrin Usman ◽  
Andi Hairil Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Durian Seed

Body epidermis has an important health function to prevent body dehydration. This research aims to compare Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) values between durian seed oil and tengkawang oil. Skin that had been applied with tengkawang oil and durian seed oil lotion were tested for irritation and TEWL values. The tengkawang oil had an acid number of 17 g/mol and contained  8.54 % free fatty acid, while the durian seed oil had an acid number of 6.34 g/mol and contained 2.89 % free fatty acid.  Irritation testing was done using lotion containing 100 % of each oil. TEWL analysis on skin applied with the tengkawang oil lotion after 1 hour showed that the lotion could reduce epidermal water evaporation by 35.23 % compared to the skin condition before treatment.  Epidermal water evaporation reduction at the second, third and fourth hours after the tengkawang oil lotion application was 31.33 %, 33.93 % and 27.9 %, respectively. TEWL analysis on skin applied with the durian seed oil lotion after 1 hour showed that the lotion could reduce epidermal water evaporation by 11.34 % compared to the skin condition before treatment.  Epidermal water evaporation was reduced 14.64 %, 10.53 % and 2.99 % at the second, third and fourth hours after application of the durian seed oil. Based on these results, it can be concluded that tengkawang oil gives better TEWL values compared to durian seed oil.

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL SECONDARY METABOLITE GENERATED FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM JAMBLANG PLANT ( Eugenia cumini L)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Shirly Kumala ◽  
Ng Vini Aprilia ◽  
Partomuan Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diffusion Method

Objective: Colletotrichium capsici endophytic fungi isolated from Jamblang plant (Eugenia cumini  L).  The secondary metabolites of this plant has the potent antibacterial efficacy  as well as diarrheal and anti-diabetic. This research focussed on isolation of the endophytic microbes from branches of Jamblang plants and their secondary metabolites.Methods: Isolation of endophytes were performed in PDA(potato dextrose agar) using direct seed plant. Endophytic fungi isolates with strongest antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli were fermented in Potato Dextrose Yeast (PDY) to produce  large scale of the metabolites.  Supernatant was extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Ethyl acetate extract fractionated by column chromatography (SiO3, n-hexane- ethyl acetate = 50:1 ~ 1:1) and obtained three fractions. Further, agar diffusion method was performed to assess their anti-microbial activity.Results:  Antibacterial  test  results  indicated that fraction III had  the antibacterial  activity Staphylococcus aureus with  inhibition zone diameter  of 10.7 mm but no observed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.  Furthermore, identification  by GC-MS showed that compounds present in fraction III was mainly fatty acid and phenolic compounds.Conclusion:  In conclusion, secondary metabolites isolated from Jamblang plants branches contained predominantly fatty acid and phenol related compounds that could be responsible for its potent anti microbial activity. Keywords : Endophytic fungi, Jamblang (Eugenia cumini L.), antimicrobial activity

scholarly journals Composition, properties, stability and thermal behavior of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Chacón-Fernández ◽  
M. R. Hernández-Medel ◽  
M. Bernal-González ◽  
M. C. Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa ◽  
J. A. Solís-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Semi Solid

The composition, thermal stability and phase behavior of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed oil were analyzed to contribute to the exploration of their potential uses. The oil was extracted from the kernel of the tamarind seed with hexane, and its main physical, chemical and thermal properties were analyzed by infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, DSC, and TGA. The results showed that the tamarind seed had a 3.76 ± 0.20% oil with a saponification index of 174.80 ± 9.87 mg KOH/g and the major fatty acids were lignoceric (20.15%), oleic (18.99%) and palmitic (11.99%). Stearic, behenic, linoleic, arachidic, and other fatty acids were also present. TGA and DSC showed that in an inert atmosphere, the triacylglycerols of tamarind seed oil (TSO) are decomposed in a single stage that starts at 224.1 °C and in an air atmosphere in three stages, initiating its decomposition at 218 °C. The TSO showed crystallization and fusion curves with a single maximum peak with Tonset and Toffset of 20.16 and ?38.8 °C and ?22.2 and 28.6 °C, respectively. The solid fat profile of the oil showed a semi-solid and liquid consistency in the ambient temperature range. The composition, thermal and phase behavior showed that TSO is potentially useful for alimentary, pharmacological, and cosmetological purposes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Industrial and Medicinal Values of Oil Extracted From Neem Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pathogenic Organism ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp

Neem seed (Azadirachta indica) is a medicinal plant which is exclusively tropical in distribution. Traditionally India medicine regards the plant in high esteem. The fatty acid composition of Neem seed oil were: Myristic acid (C14:0) (64.5842) as the highest saturated fatty acid ,Oleic acid (C18:1)(5.3124) as the only highest monounsaturated fatty acid, Linoleic acid (C18:2)(2.6041) and Linolenic acid (C18:3)(0.9938) as the only polyunsaturated fatty acid present. Physicochemical properties of the extracted oil were investigated and their physical characteristics indicated that Oil extracted from Azadirachta indica is light green in color with bitter taste, percentage yield of 43.500%, Specific gravity of 0.8943 and Refractive index of 1.4610 respectively. The chemical characteristic of oil from Neem seed were Acid valve (mglg), (6.7320±0.01), free fatty acid (% oleic)(1.8984±0.01), saponification valve (mglg),(58.9050±0.02), Iodine valve (mglg),(16.2432±0.01), and peroxide valve (mmo1/kg)(104.0000±0.02) respectively. The antibacterial activity of the oil from Azadirachta indica was tested against five pathogenic organism and their zone of inhibition indicated that the oil was susceptible to Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and resistance to Proteus ssp. The values in millimeter were Escherichia coli (2.00±0.01), Staphylococcus aureus(5.00±0.02), Pseudomonas spp( 7.00±0.02), Klebsiella pneumonas(2.00±0.01) and no zone of inhibition against Proteus spp. This study revealed that the oil extracts from neem seed is a useful source of drug for the treatment of pathogenic organism like Pseudomonas spp and Staphylococcus aureus which are most resistance to some antibiotics drugs.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Potassium Had Beneficial Bactericidal Effects and Removed Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms while Exhibiting Reduced Cytotoxicity towards Mouse Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Kawahara ◽  
Miki Takita ◽  
Akihiro Masunaga ◽  
Hayato Morita ◽  
Tadayuki Tsukatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Potassium Oleate ◽  
Mouse Fibroblasts ◽  
Bactericidal Effects

Wounds frequently become infected or contaminated with bacteria. Potassium oleate (C18:1K), a type of fatty acid potassium, caused >4 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL reductions in the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli within 10 min and a >2 log CFU/mL reduction in the number of Clostridium difficile within 1 min. C18:1K (proportion removed: 90.3%) was significantly more effective at removing Staphylococcus aureus biofilms than the synthetic surfactant detergents sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) (74.8%, p < 0.01) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (78.0%, p < 0.05). In the WST (water-soluble tetrazolium) assay, mouse fibroblasts (BALB/3T3 clone A31) in C18:1K (relative viability vs. control: 102.8%) demonstrated a significantly higher viability than those in SLES (30.1%) or SLS (18.1%, p < 0.05). In a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay, C18:1K (relative leakage vs. control: 108.9%) was found to be associated with a significantly lower LDH leakage from mouse fibroblasts than SLES or SLS (720.6% and 523.4%, respectively; p < 0.05). Potassium oleate demonstrated bactericidal effects against various species including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium difficile; removed significantly greater amounts of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm material than SLES and SLS; and maintained fibroblast viability; therefore, it might be useful for wound cleaning and peri-wound skin.

Partial purification of a lipolytic enzyme from Escherichia coli

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Proulx ◽  
G. Nantel ◽  
G. Baraff
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Acyl Migration ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Lipolytic Enzyme ◽  
Phospholipase A1 ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acid Esters

An enzyme with phospholipase A1 activity was purified some 500-fold from Escherichia coli cell homogenates. Lipase, phospholipase A2, and lysophospholipase copurified with phospholipase A1 and the four activities displayed similar susceptibility to heat treatment. The phospholipase A and lipase activities were recovered in a single band when partially purified preparations were subjected to SDS gel electrophoresis. Phospholipase, lysophospholipase, and lipase all required Ca2+ for activity. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and their lyso analogues were all hydrolysed at equivalent rates and these were substantially greater than the rate of methylpalmitate or tripalmitoylglycerol hydrolyses under similar incubation conditions. Evidence for a direct but slow hydrolysis of the ester at position 2 of phosphoglyceride was obtained; however, release of fatty acid from this position is mostly indirect involving acyl migration to position 1 and subsequent release of the translocated fatty acid. Escherichia coli, therefore, appears to possess a lipolytic enzyme of broad substrate specificity acting mainly at position 1 but also at position 2 of phosphoglycerides and on triacylglycerols and methyl fatty-acid esters.

scholarly journals Estudo Químico e Antimicrobiano dos Extratos de Sementes e Folhas do Cumaru, Dipteryx odorata (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Gezilda Martins da Silva ◽  
Maria Lucidalva Ribeiro de Sousa ◽  
Waldireny Caldas Rocha ◽  
Adriana Dantas Gonzaga de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biotechnological Product ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata

O cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) é uma leguminosa da família Fabaceae, suas sementes são muito utilizadas na extração do óleo, o qual é bastante utilizado pela medicina popular como antiespasmódico, tônico, anti-inflamatório, reumatismos e antimicrobiano. A cumarina está presente na semente e também em toda a extensão da planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter o óleo da semente e o extrato de folhas, realizar ensaios biológicos com o extrato e elaboração de um produto biotecnológico. O estudo foi realizado no laboratório de Química Orgânica da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, no qual as sementes foram coletadas, maceradas, para extração do óleo, em seguida, se realizou análise por cromatografia de camada delgada (CCD) do óleo da semente. As folhas foram maceradas, e preparadas as exsicatas, utilizou-se o óleo na produção do produto e para os ensaios biológicos frente às bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Os resultados obtidos da extração das sementes foram o óleo e os cristais brancos em forma de agulha. Após análises cromatográficas (CCD) do extrato das folhas foi possível observar a presença de cumarina. O ensaio biológico com os cristais frente às bactérias S. aureus, E. coli, K. Pneumoniae apresentou halo de inibição. Assim, o óleo e a cumarina presentes na semente podem atuar como antibacteriano natural para o tratamento de várias doenças infecciosas causadas pela bactéria S. aureus. Foi possível formular um creme hidratante incorporando o óleo obtido da semente.   Palavras-chave: Extração do Óleo. Cumarina. Produto Biotecnológico.   Abstract Coumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) is a legume of the Fabaceae family, its seeds are widely used in oil extraction, which is widely used by folk medicine as an antispasmodic, tonic, anti-inflammatory, rheumatism and antimicrobial. Coumarin is present in the seed and also in the entire length of the plant. The objective of this work was to obtain the seed oil or the leaf extract, to perform biological tests with the extract and to elaborate a biotechnological product. The study was carried out in the Organic Chemistry laboratory, where the seeds were collected, macerated, for oil extraction, then a CCD analysis of the seed oil was carried out, the leaves were macerated, and the exsiccates were prepared, the oil was used in the product production and for biological tests against bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results obtained from the seeds extraction were oil and white crystals. After a chromatographic analysis (CCD) of the leaf extract, it was possible to observe the presence of coumarin. The biological assay with the crystals against the bacteria S. aureus, E. coli, K. Pneumoniae showed an inhibition halo. Thus, the oil and coumarin present in the seed can act as a natural antibacterial for the treatment of various infectious diseases caused by the bacteria S. aureus. It was possible to formulate a moisturizing cream incorporating the oil obtained from the seed.   Keywords: Cumaru Oil Extraction. Coumarin. Biotechnological Product.

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