scholarly journals Evaluation of the Industrial and Medicinal Values of Oil Extracted From Neem Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pathogenic Organism ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp

Neem seed (Azadirachta indica) is a medicinal plant which is exclusively tropical in distribution. Traditionally India medicine regards the plant in high esteem. The fatty acid composition of Neem seed oil were: Myristic acid (C14:0) (64.5842) as the highest saturated fatty acid ,Oleic acid (C18:1)(5.3124) as the only highest monounsaturated fatty acid, Linoleic acid (C18:2)(2.6041) and Linolenic acid (C18:3)(0.9938) as the only polyunsaturated fatty acid present. Physicochemical properties of the extracted oil were investigated and their physical characteristics indicated that Oil extracted from Azadirachta indica is light green in color with bitter taste, percentage yield of 43.500%, Specific gravity of 0.8943 and Refractive index of 1.4610 respectively. The chemical characteristic of oil from Neem seed were Acid valve (mglg), (6.7320±0.01), free fatty acid (% oleic)(1.8984±0.01), saponification valve (mglg),(58.9050±0.02), Iodine valve (mglg),(16.2432±0.01), and peroxide valve (mmo1/kg)(104.0000±0.02) respectively. The antibacterial activity of the oil from Azadirachta indica was tested against five pathogenic organism and their zone of inhibition indicated that the oil was susceptible to Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and resistance to Proteus ssp. The values in millimeter were Escherichia coli (2.00±0.01), Staphylococcus aureus(5.00±0.02), Pseudomonas spp( 7.00±0.02), Klebsiella pneumonas(2.00±0.01) and no zone of inhibition against Proteus spp. This study revealed that the oil extracts from neem seed is a useful source of drug for the treatment of pathogenic organism like Pseudomonas spp and Staphylococcus aureus which are most resistance to some antibiotics drugs.

scholarly journals Effect of AZADIRACHTA INDICA (Neem) leave extract on Some Selected Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Tuhin Jahan ◽  
Zinnat Ara Begum ◽  
Sayeeda Sultana ◽  
Rokhsana Dil Afroz ◽  
Mosa Shaheli Binty Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Disc

Azadirachta indica (Neem) is an herbal plant widely distributed in our subcontinent during all seasons. This study was carried out to detect the effect of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leave extract on some selected bacteria. The prospective study was carried out during the period of July 2005 to June 2006. Micro-organisms which are commonly responsible for infection in our country such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were considered. Extract of Neem leave that is Aqueous Neem leave extract (ANLE) was prepared by filtration and evaporation. Effect against bacteria was examined by detection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using ‘Broth dilution method’ and by detection of bacterial susceptibility by ‘Agar disc diffusion method’ and compare with cefepime. For ANLE the MICs against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia Coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 800 μg/ml, 1200 μg/ml, 1400 μg/ml and 1400 μg/ml respectively. With those MICs the average diameter of zone of inhibition against staphylococcus aureus with ANLE and cefepime was 20mm and 30mm respectively. Salmonella typhi exhibit sensitivity with zone of inhibition of 19mm, 26.5mm against ANLE and cefepime. Escherichia coli were sensitive against ANLE and cefepime with 17.5mm, 23.5mm zone of inhibition respectively. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa zone of inhibition was 16mm, and 21mm by ANLE, and cefepime respectively. Aqueous Leave extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) have antibacterial activity against ‘staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa’ compared with Cefepime. Among all test bacteria staphylococcus aureus has lowest MICs.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SEAWEED (Sargassum muticm) AND FRESHWATER WEED (Spirodela polyrrhiza)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Safa Nova ◽  
Md. Aftab Uddin ◽  
Tasnia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sargassum Muticum ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Spirodela Polyrrhiza

Development of new drugs is needed to resist the situation of diseases caused by drug resistant bacteria for public health safety. Natural resource is a big source to find candidates having antibacterial activity and aquatic weed is such a natural resource possessing such activity. The current study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of sea weed (Sargassum muticum) and fresh water weed/duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) against six bacterial isolates Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas luteola and Bacillus subtilis. The potency of methanol and ethanol extracts of these weeds was compared to determine the best candidate of weeds in inhibiting bacteria. Both agar well diffusion method and micro dilution was done to observe the antibacterial activity. Ethanol extract of Sargassum muticum worked best against Pseudomans aeruginosa (30mm zone of inhibition) and no activity against Bacillus subtilis. Methanol extract of the same Sargassum muticum showed less activity compared to ethanol extract except for Bacillus subtilis where it showed 21mm zone of inhibition. Ethanol and methanol extracts of Spirodela polyrrhiza showed less antibacterial activity against the bacteria compared to Sargassum muticum. They showed no antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. On average, the extracts impart a significant antibacterial activity against these six bacteria which are resistant to several antibiotics. Even one of them (Escherichia coli) is resistant to 4th generation cephalosporin but still fairly susceptible for extracts. The antibacterial properties of these marine and freshwater weeds can be subjected to develop new therapeutics to inhibit the resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Extract Combinations on Some Bacterial Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632
Author(s):  
I.S. Obuekwe ◽  
E.P. Okoyomo ◽  
U.S. Anka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Increase in antimicrobial resistance coupled with successful treatment of various diseases with herbal medications has triggered the upsurge in research geared towards harnessing the medicinal potentials of various plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Ocimum gratissimum, Jatropha curcas and Ficus exasperata and their combined antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Plant leaves were air–dried, extracted with ethyl-acetate and water with subsequent qualitative analyses for phytochemical compounds. Bacterial pathogens were obtained from University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), confirmed, and their zones of inhibition studied at 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 mg/ml of extract combinations. The presence of phenols, tannins and saponins were confirmed in all extracts while alkaloids were present in all ethyl acetate extracts and terpenoids in all aqueous extracts. Different zones of inhibition were measured with the different extract combinations with E. coli having its highest zone of inhibition with the combination of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Ocimum gratissimum in 30 mg/ml (27.25 ± 1.70 mm). However, the highest zone of inhibition observed in the study was with S. aureus in 10 mg/ml concentration of ethyl acetate plant extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Ficus exasperata (31.75 ± 3.07 mm). The Gram positive cell wall of S. aureus is less complex and therefore, more susceptible to bio-agents. Antibacterial activities of these extracts are attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites that make them good bio-agents for production of antibacterial drugs. Keywords: Plant extracts, Inhibition zones, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals A Novel Antimicrobial Phenanthrene Alkaloid from Bryopyllum pinnatum

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1456-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatus Ebere Okwu ◽  
Fred Uchenna Nnamdi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
Isolated Compound

Phenenthrene alkaloid identified as 1-ethanamino 7 hex-1-yne-5I-one phenanthrene was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves ofBryophyllum pinnatum(syn. B. calcinum kalanchoe pinnata) a versatile Nigeria medicinal plant. The structure was elucidated using NMR, IR, UV and MS spectral data. Antimicrobial studies showed that the isolated compound successfully inhibitedPsuedomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicansandAspergillus niger. This result authenticates the use ofbryophyllum pinantumin phytomedicine for disease prevention and treatment of infections.

Hidrolisis minyak biji asam jawa (tamarindus indica linn) menjadi asam lemaknya dan uji aktivitas antibakteri

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Arnanda Dhafin Rizky ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Parlan Parlan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Saponification tamarind seed oil used potassium hydroxide and acidification with hydrochloric acid is produced fatty acid in the form of soft white solid, has melting point 50-55 degrees celcius. The result of this hydrolysis positive test of unsaturation. It has an acid number of 115.36, saponification number of 114.80, and iodine number of 53.34. The success of hydrolysis of oil into fatty acid is characterized by identification of IR spectra showing O-H vibration with moderate intensity and widening, C=O vibration of carboxylic acid with strong intensity. Fatty acids of tamarind seed have the potential as antibacterial to test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with diameter respectively 7.31 mm and 7.58 mm. Minyak biji asam jawa yang disaponifikasi menggunakan kalium hidroksida dan pengasaman dengan asam klorida dihasilkan asam lemak berupa padatan lunak berwana putih, memiliki titik lebur 50-55 derajat celcius. hasil hidrolisis ini positif uji ketidakjenuhan, bilangan asam 115,36, bilangan penyabunan 114,80, dan bilangan iod 53,34. Keberhasilan hidrolisis minyak menjadi asam lemak ditandai dari identifikasi spektrum IR yang menunjukkan vibrasi ulur O-H dengan intensitas sedang dan melebar serta vibrasi ulur C=O asam karboksilat dengan intensitas kuat. Asam lemak biji asam jawa berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan zona hambat masing-masing 7,31 mm dan 7,58 mm.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bridelia ferruginea extracts on some clinical isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
B.T Yunana ◽  
◽  
B. B Bukar ◽  
J. C Aguiyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea

The ethanol extracts of root, bark and leaf of Bridelia ferruginea was investigated for antibacterial activity against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts had significant antibacterial activity in vitro at concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml and in vivo at dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The root extract in vitro had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by the bark extract for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The concentration of 200 mg/ml had the highest zone of inhibition in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a decreasing inhibitory effect of the plant extracts for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the concentration decreases with root having 3.125 mg/ml, bark having 6.25 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed decreasing bactericide effects with decrease concentration with root having 12.5 mg/ml, bark having 12.5 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Escherichia coli while root had 6.25mg/ml, bark had 12.5mg/ml and leaf had 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo investigation showed that the root and bark extract exhibited antibacterial activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses of 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg; the root extract had higher activity than the bark and root/bark combined. The dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest colonies reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vivo. Preliminary phytochemical screening of root, bark and leaves of Bridelia ferruginea revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside (root, bark and leaves), saponins (root and bark). The presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate in the bark and root extracts of the plant indicates that the bark and root extracts were pharmacological importance

scholarly journals Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Cola milleni seed and pulp extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
A.M. Aliyu ◽  
S.J. Oluwafemi ◽  
S. Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Notatum ◽  
Standard Techniques

All over the world, hundreds of plants have been identified based on researchers and experimental evidence as good sources of medicinal agents. The bioactive components (phytochemicals) of both the seeds and pulp of Cola milleni were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The bioactive components detected were alkaloids, tanins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, resins and terpenes while Flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthracyanides and phenol were not detected for both the seed and pulps. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (Seed and pulp) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum was carried out using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest zone of inhibition for pulp having a range of 9.7mm±0.58mm - 19.7mm±2.52mm while Penicllium notatum had the least with 0.00mm. S.aureus also had the highest zone of inhibition range of 14.3mm±2.08mm - 21.3mm±1.53mm for the seed extract while penicillium had the least inhibition range of 5.0mm±1.00mm - 5.7mm±0.58. E.coli showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration with ethanol extract of the pulp (160mg/ml) while penicillium notatum was not reactive. The minimum inhibitory concentration of seed against penillium notatum was the highest (160mg/ml) while staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest of 40mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity is as a result of the presence of phytochemicals detected, which suggest the use of the plant for the treatment of diseases caused by these organisms. Key words: Cola millenii, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Fungi

scholarly journals Microbiological Study of Diabetic Foot Ulcer

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Mohammuddunnobi ◽  
Tasnuva Jahan ◽  
Abdullah Al Amin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most feared complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients. Limb-threatening diabetic infections are usually polymicrobial involving multiple aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Methodology: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in the department of surgery and microbiology at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 9 months during January 2017- September' 2017. The study included a total of 77 adult patients of clinically diagnosed diabetic foot patients presenting to outpatient department and emergency ward. The standard case definition of diabetic foot is 'any pathology occurring in the foot of a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus or as a result of long term complication of diabetes mellitus'. Results: Majority 17(22.1%) patients had Klebsiella pneumonia, 14(18.2%) had Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11(14.3%) had Staphylococcus aureus, 10(13.0%) had Escherichia coli, 6(7.8%) had Coagulase-negative staphylococci and 8(10.4%) had Providencia spp. In Escherichia coli 100% sensitivity to imipenem, 70% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam. In Coagulasenegative Staphylococci 83.3% sensitivity to tetracycline, 66.7% to ceftriaxone. In Proteus mirabilis 100% sensitivity to tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam. In Enterococcus spp.75.0% sensitivity to tetracycline. In Citrobacter spp. 100% sensitivity to imipenem. Conclusion: Common organism found in diabetic foot ulcer patients were Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Providencia spp. In tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam was 100% sensitive in Proteus mirabilis and only imipenem found in Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 10, No. 1: Jan 2019, P 50-55

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate against Therapy Resistant Endodontic Microorganisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Mst Laila Akter Banu ◽  
AKM Bashar ◽  
Md Mujibur Rahman Howlader ◽  
Md Shamsul Alam ◽  
Md Ashraf Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Microorganisms, usually from the dental caries, are the main sources of diseases in dental pulp (root canals) and periapical region. Facultative bacteria and fungi have been identified in therapy resistant persistent endodontic infection. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Mineral Tri Oxide Aggregate (MTA) against therapy resistant endodontic microorganisms. The efficacy of MTA was also compared with that of calcium hydroxide. Six standard bacterial stains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. The agar diffusion method on Muller- Hilton media was employed. The plates containing media were inoculated with the specified bacterial suspensions. Two standard holes were prepared on each microorganism inoculated plate with a copper puncher and one hole was completely filled with MTA & the other with Ca (OH)2 . The plates were then kept at environmental temperature for one hour to ensure prediffusion and then incubated at 370C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the diameters of inhibition zones were measured. Tests were replicated for thirty times for each sample and mean values were taken. Zone of inhibition as measured for MTA and Ca (OH)2 were statistically analyzed with Student’s t-Test and Post Hoc Games Howell Test and were presented as mean ± SD to compare of efficacy of MTA and calcium hydroxide on different microorganisms. Both MTA and Ca(OH)2 were found to produce zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), , Bacillus subtilis (BTCC 17 ), and Candida albicans (BTCC 493). MTA showed highest activity against S. aureus and lowest activity against P. aeruginosa which was similar to the activity range of Ca (OH)2 against the mentioned organisms. But both of them failed to produce any activity against E. coli and. E. faecalis. MTA was found to produce a lower efficacy than Ca (OH)2 while comparing the zone of inhibition between them and statistically it was significant. Mineral Tri Oxide Aggregate (MTA) showed antimicrobial efficacy against some therapy resistant microorganisms but it did not show antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. MTA was found to produce a lower antimicrobial efficacy than Ca (OH)2.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 140-145

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