scholarly journals SEROTYPES, TOXINS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF Escherichia coli (E.COLI) STRAINS ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEIC RABBITS IN PHU VANG, THUA THIEN HUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-617
Author(s):  
Huynh Van Chuong ◽  
◽  
Le Thi Lan Phuong ◽  
Dang Thanh Long ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stx1 Gene ◽  
Diarrhea Disease ◽  
Rabbit Feces

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of E. coli in rabbits, their biochemical and serological characteristics, common virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance. The diarrhea rabbit feces were collected from households and rabbit farms in Phu Vang - Thua Thien Hue with a total of 250 samples for testing. The results showed that rabbits age from 31 to 45 days old had the highest incidence of diarrhea disease caused by E.coli (92.0%) and the lowest infection rate was observed in rabbits over 60 days old with an infection rate of 30%. Further, the isolated E.coli strains tested biochemical characteristics showed 100% motile, positive for indole and methyl red, fermenting glucose and lactose. Simultaneously these strains were detected belong to 7 serotypes O103, O157, O158, O169, O44, O125, O153 and susceptible to cefuroxime (95.45%), akamicin (86.37%), streptomycin (81.82%), amoxicillin (81.82%), tetracycline (68.18%), colistin (68.18%), ampicillin (63.63%), gentamycin (59.10%) and levofloxacin (50.0%), whilst resistant to doxycycline (100%), sulfamethoxazole-bactrim (95.46%), and neomycin (86.37%). By using PCR assay for detection of virulence genes of the isolated E. coli strains, there were 7 strains carried virulence genes, of which 4/7 E. coli strains carried eaeA and tsh genes (57.14%), 2/7 strains carried stx2 gene (28.57%); 1/7 E. coli strains carried stx1 gene (14.28%) and the F4, F5 and F6 genes were not found in all serotypes in this study.

scholarly journals The frequency of shiga-like toxin (stx1 and stx2) and EHEC-hlyA in food by multiplex PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326
Author(s):  
Cansu Onlen ◽  
Nizami Duran ◽  
Suphi Bayraktar ◽  
Emrah Ay ◽  
Burçin Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Stx1 Gene

Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of shiga-like toxin (stx1 and stx2) and drug resistance profiles food-borne Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Hatay province, Turkey. Methods: The presence of the virulence genes (stx1, stx2, hlyA) in a total of 150 E.coli isolates were studied with multiplex PCR. Results: A total of 327 salad samples were analyzed. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 150 (45.8 %) out of 327 analyzed samples. Of these 150 isolates, the presence of hly-A gene was detected in 32 (21.3%) E.coli isolates. A total of five (15.6%) isolates in this 32 hlyA positive isolates had stx2 gene, two (6.3%) of them had stx1 gene and one (3.1%) of the isolates was found to be positive for both stx1 and stx2 genes. It was found that all E.coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant to erythromycin. While the highest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed for ampicillin (68.8%), no antibiotic resistance against cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and cephaperasone was identified. Conclusions: The results obtained in our province showed that E.coli strains isolated from salad samples were found to have some important virulence genes such as stx1, stx2, and hlyA. The stx2 frequency was found to be higher than stx1 frequency. Also, it was observed that there was not any significant correlation between drug resistance profiles and presence of toxin genes in E.coli O157:H7 strains. As a result, increasing frequency of STEC O157 serotype among foodborne pathogens is a growing public health problem.

scholarly journals Assessing the population dynamics of Escherichia coli in a metropolitan river after an extreme flood event

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Masters ◽  
Aaron Wiegand ◽  
Jasmin M. Thompson ◽  
Tara L. Vollmerhausen ◽  
Eva Hatje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extreme Flood

We investigated Escherichia coli populations in a metropolitan river after an extreme flood event. Between nine and 15 of the 23 selected sites along the river were sampled fortnightly over three rounds. In all, 307 E. coli were typed using the PhP typing method and were grouped into common (C) or single (S) biochemical phenotypes (BPTs). A representative from each of the 31 identified C-BPTs was tested for 58 virulence genes (VGs) associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal E. coli, resistance to 22 antibiotics, production of biofilm and cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The number of E. coli in the first sampling round was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than subsequent rounds, whereas the number of VGs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in isolates from the last sampling round when compared to previous rounds. Comparison of the C-BPTs with an existing database from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the same catchment showed that 40.6% of the river isolates were identical to the WWTP isolates. The relatively high number of VGs and antibiotic resistance among the C-BPTs suggests possessing and retaining these genes may provide niche advantages for those naturalised and/or persistent E. coli populations which may pose a health risk to the community.

scholarly journals The population genomics of increased virulence and antibiotic resistance in human commensal Escherichia coli over 30 years in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Marin ◽  
Olivier Clermont ◽  
Guilhem Royer ◽  
Melanie Mercier-Darty ◽  
Jean-Winoc Decousser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Similar Region ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Evolution Of Virulence

Escherichia coli is a commensal species of the lower intestine, but also a major pathogen causing intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. Most studies on genomic evolution of E. coli used isolates from infections, and/or focused on antibiotic resistance, but neglected the evolution of virulence. Here instead, we whole-genome sequenced a collection of 436 E. coli isolated from fecal samples of healthy adult volunteers in France between 1980 and 2010. These isolates were distributed among 159 sequence types (STs), the five most frequent being ST10 (15.6%), ST73 (5.5%) and ST95 (4.8%), ST69 (3.7%) and ST59 (3.7%), and 230 O:H serotypes. ST and serotype diversity increased over time. Comparison with 912 E. coli bacteremia isolates from similar region and time showed a greater diversity in commensal isolates. The O1, O2, O6 and O25-groups used in bioconjugate O-antigen vaccine were found in only 63% of the four main STs associated with a high risk of bacteremia (ST69, ST73, ST95 and ST131). In commensals, STs associated with a high risk of bacteremia increased in frequency. Both extra-intestinal virulence-associated genes and resistance to antibiotics increased in frequency. Evolution of virulence genes was driven by both clonal expansion of STs with more virulence genes, and increases in frequency within STs, whereas the evolution of resistance was dominated by increases in frequency within STs. This study provides a unique picture of the phylogenomic evolution of E. coli in its human commensal habitat over a 30-year period and suggests that the efficacy of O-antigen vaccines would be threatened by serotype replacement.

Evaluation of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method for Detecting Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in Beef and Comparison to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Method†

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
PINA M. FRATAMICO ◽  
JAMIE L. WASILENKO ◽  
BRADLEY GARMAN ◽  
DANIEL R. DeMARCO ◽  
STEPHEN VARKEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
E Coli ◽  
System Method ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
The U.S

The “top-six” non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) most frequently associated with outbreaks and cases of foodborne illnesses have been declared as adulterants in beef by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Regulatory testing in beef began in June 2012. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the DuPont BAX System method for detecting these top six STEC strains and strains of E. coli O157:H7. For STEC, the BAX System real-time STEC suite was evaluated, including a screening assay for the stx and eae virulence genes and two panel assays to identify the target serogroups: panel 1 detects O26, O111, and O121, and panel 2 detects O45, O103, O145. For E. coli O157:H7, the BAX System real-time PCR assay for this specific serotype was used. Sensitivity of each assay for the PCR targets was ≥1.23 × 103 CFU/ml in pure culture. Each assay was 100% inclusive for the strains tested (20 to 50 per assay), and no cross-reactivity with closely related strains was observed in any of the assays. The performance of the BAX System methods was compared with that of the FSIS Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (MLG) methods for detection of the top six STEC and E. coli O157:H7 strains in ground beef and beef trim. Generally, results of the BAX System method were similar to those of the MLG methods for detecting non-O157 STEC and E. coli O157:H7. Reducing or eliminating novobiocin in modified tryptic soy broth (mTSB) may improve the detection of STEC O111 strains; one beef trim sample inoculated with STEC O111 produced a negative result when enriched in mTSB with 8 mg/liter novobiocin but was positive when enriched in mTSB without novobiocin. The results of this study indicate the feasibility of deploying a panel of real-time PCR assay configurations for the detection and monitoring of the top six STEC and E. coli O157:H7 strains in beef. The approach could easily be adapted for additional multiplex assays should regulations expand to include other O serogroups or virulence genes.

Virulence factors analysis and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients in northeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdis Ghavidel ◽  
Tahere Gholamhosseini-Moghadam ◽  
Kimiya Nourian ◽  
Kiarash Ghazvini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is known to be the pathogen commonly isolated from those infected with uri- nary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of E. coli virulence genes and antibiotics’ resistance pattern among clinical isolates in the Northeast of Iran. Relationships between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistances were studied as well. Materials and Methods: Three hundred isolates of E. coli were isolated from patients with UTIs that referred to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals (Mashhad, Iran) during August 2016 to February 2017. A multiplex PCR was employed to amplify the genes encoding pyelonephritis associated pili (pap), S-family adhesions (sfa), type1fimbriae (fimH) and aerobactin (aer). Disk diffusion test was performed to test the susceptibility of isolates to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quino- lone, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Results: The PCR results identified the fimH in 78.4%, aer in 70.5%, sfa in 13.6% and the pap in 8.2% of isolates. The rates of antibiotic resistance of the isolates were as follows: 64.7% resistant to cephalosporins, 34% to trimethoprim-sul- famethoxazole, 31% to fluoroquinolones, 15.3% to aminoglycosides, 13.3% to β-lactams, 7.8% to quinolones and 4.4% to carbapenems. Significant relationships existed between pap and aer, pap and sfa, aer and fluoroquinolones also pap and cephalosporins. Conclusion: fimH and aer were found in > 50% of isolates suggesting the importance of both genes in UPEC. The majority of isolates had fimH as adhesion factor for colonization. Determining antibiotic resistance patterns in specific geographical areas is necessary for appropriate treatment of urinary tract infection. The high rate of resistance to cephalosporins is most likely due to incorrect drug administration

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from tropical estuary, south India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Sukumaran ◽  
Abdulla A Mohamed Hatha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

Introduction: Escherichia coli strains can cause a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains have the ability to cause severe extraintestinal infections. Multidrug resistance among ExPEC could complicate human infections. Methodology: Escherichia coli strains were isolated during the period of January 2010 to December 2012 from five different stations set at Cochin estuary. Susceptibility testing was determined by the disk-diffusion method using nine different antimicrobial agents. A total of 155 strains of Escherichia coli were screened for the presence of virulence factor genes including papAH, papC, sfa/focDE, iutA,and kpsMT II associated with ExPEC. Results: Among the 155 E. coli isolates, 26 (16.77%), carried two or more virulence genes typical of ExPEC. Furthermore, 19.23% of the ExPEC isolates with multidrug resistance were identified to belong to phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Statistically significant association of iutA gene in ExPEC was found with papC (p < 0.001) and kpsMT II (p < 0.001) genes. ExPEC isolates were mainly resistant to ampicillin (23.07%), tetracycline (19.23%), co-trimoxazole (15.38%), and cefotaxime (15.38%). The adhesion genes papAH and sfa/focDE were positively associated with resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Co-occurrence of virulence factor genes with antibiotic resistance among ExPEC poses considerable threat to those who use this aquatic system for a living and for recreation.

scholarly journals Virulence gene profiles of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from chickens with colibacillosis in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Mbanga ◽  
Yvonne O. Nyararai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Colibacillosis, a disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the main causes of economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. This study was carried out in order to determine the APEC-associated virulence genes contained by E. coli isolates causing colibacillosis in chickens. A total of 45 E. coli isolates were obtained from the diagnostics and research branch of the Central Veterinary Laboratories, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. These isolates were obtained from chickens with confirmed cases of colibacillosis after postmortem examination. The presence of the iutA, hlyF, ompT, frz, sitD, fimH, kpsM, sitA, sopB, uvrY, pstB and vat genes were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of the 45 isolates, 93% were positive for the presence of at least one virulence gene. The three most prevalent virulence genes were iutA (80%), fimH (33.3%) and hlyF (24.4%). The kpsM, pstB and ompT genes had the lowest prevalence, having been detected in only 2.2% of the isolates. All 12 virulence genes studied were detected in the 45 APEC isolates. Virulence gene profiles were constructed for each APEC isolate from the multiplex data. The APEC isolates were profiled as 62.2% fitting profile A, 31.1% profile B and 6.7% profile C. None of the isolates had more than seven virulence genes. Virulence profiles of Zimbabwean APEC isolates are different from those previously reported. Zimbabwean APEC isolates appear to be less pathogenic and may rely on environmental factors and stress in hosts to establish infection.

scholarly journals Detection of virulence genes, phylogenetic group and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Mongolia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandag Munkhdelger ◽  
Nyamaa Gunregjav ◽  
Altantsetseg Dorjpurev ◽  
Nishi Juniichiro ◽  
Jav Sarantuya
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli

Introduction: The severity of urinary tract infection (UTI) produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is due to the expression of a wide spectrum of virulence genes. E. coli strains were divided into four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) based on their virulence genes. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between virulence genes, phylogenetic groups, and antibiotic resistance of UPEC. Methodology: A total of 148 E. coli were tested for antimicrobial resistance against 10 drugs using the disk diffusion method. The isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of virulence genes and categorized into the four major phylogenetic groups. Results: Phylogenetic group B2 was predominant (33.8%), followed by D (28.4%), A (19.6), and B1 (18.2%). A higher prevalence of fimH (89.9%), fyuA (70.3%), traT (66.2%), iutA (62.2%), kpsMTII (58.8%), and aer (56.1%) genes were found in UPEC, indicating a putative role of adhesins, iron acquisition systems, and protectins that are main cause of UTIs. The most common antibiotic resistance was to cephalotin (85.1%), ampicillin (78.4%) and the least to nitrofurantoin (5.4%) and imipenem (2%). In total, 93.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Conclusions: This study showed that group B2 and D were the predominant phylogenetic groups and virulence-associated genes were mostly distributed in these groups. The virulence genes encoding components of adhesins, iron acquisition systems, and protectins were highly prevalent among antibiotic-resistant UPEC. Although the majority of strains are MDR, nitrofurantoin is the drug of choice for treatment of UTI patients in Ulaanbaatar.

scholarly journals Virulence and antibiotic resistance profile of avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from colibacillosis lesions in central of Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1840-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nacima Meguenni ◽  
Nathalie Chanteloup ◽  
Angelina Tourtereau ◽  
Chafika Ali Ahmed ◽  
Saliha Bounar-Kechih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Embryo Lethality

Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli cause extensive mortality in poultry flocks, leading to extensive economic losses. To date, in Algeria, little information has been available on virulence potential and antibiotics resistance of avian E. coli isolates. Therefore, the aim of this study was the characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profile of Algerian E. coli strains isolated from diseased broilers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 43 avian E. coli strains isolated from chicken colibacillosis lesions at different years were analyzed to determine their contents in 10 virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction, antimicrobial susceptibility to 22 antibiotics belonging to six different chemical classes and genomic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Mainly E. coli isolates (58.1%) carried two at six virulence genes and the most frequent virulence gene association detected were ompT (protectin), hlyF (hemolysin) with 55.8% (p<0.001), and iroN, sitA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and iss (protectin) with 41.8% (p<0.001). Some strains were diagnosed as virulent according to their virulence gene profile. Indeed, 23.25% of the isolates harbored iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and sitA combination, 14% ompT, hlyF, and frzorf4 (sugar metabolism), and 11,6% iroN, hlyF, ompT, iss, iutA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and frzorf4. The chicken embryo lethality assay performed on five isolates confirmed the potential virulence of these strains. All isolates submitted to PFGE analysis yielded different genetic profiles, which revealed their diversity. Overall, 97.2% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 53.5% demonstrated multi-antimicrobial resistance to three different antimicrobial classes. The highest resistance levels were against nalidixic acid (83.4%), amoxicillin and ampicillin (83.3%), ticarcillin (80.5%), pipemidic acid (75%), and triméthoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.6%). For beta-lactam class, the main phenotype observed belonged to broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. However, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase associated with three at six virulence factors was also detected in 13 isolates. Two of them were attested virulent as demonstrated in the embryo lethality test which constitutes a real public threat. Conclusion: It would be imperative in avian production to discourage misuse while maintaining constant vigilance guidelines and regulations, to limit and rationalize antimicrobial use.

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