scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Different Organic Extracts of Achyranthes Aspera and Cassia Alata

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Alam ◽  
M. M. Karim ◽  
Shakila N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Extracts in organic solvents (namely methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) of two medicinal plants - Achyranthes aspera and Cassia alata were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. These were carried out by taking the organic extracts of both the leaf and stem parts of the plants at a concentration of 5 mg/ml and their activities were recorded by estimating zones of inhibition as produced by disc-diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar media. While neither the leaf nor stem parts of A. aspera in any organic extractions showed antibacterial activity, the methanolic extracts of both the leaf and stem parts of C. alata exhibited antibacterial activity, but only to B. subtilis and S. typhi, and the corresponding MIC values of the leaf extracts were estimated as 1.25 and 1.5 mg/ml respectively. However, the ethanolic extracts of both the stem and leaf parts were found equally effective only to S. aureus (MIC= 1.25 mg/ml). The corresponding MBC values are reported. Keywords: Achyranthes aspera; Cassia alata; Antibacterial.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2298  

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Gynandropsis gynandra on some Pathogenic Enteric Bacterial Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Gynandropsis Gynandra

Plants contain many biologically active compounds that have potential for development as medicinal agents. The study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of Gynandropsis gynandra (leaves and stem) and its major bioactive constituents (phytochemicals). The aqueous and ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem of the plant was tested using well Diffusion method for their antimicrobial activity against some members Enterobacteriales family (Escherichia coli, Shigella sp, Klebsiella sp and Salmonella typhi) isolated from diarrheic stool sample from Murtala Muhammad specialist Hospital, Kano. Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed that both stem and leaf extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, terpenoid, Anthraquinones, reducing sugar, amino acid, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, resin and phenols. The result shows that the extracts demonstrated higher antibacterial activity against the isolates tested with the average zone of inhibition of 16.60 mm, 16.54 mm, 14.73 mm and 13.95 mm for Shigella sp, E. coli, Klebsiella sp and S. typhi respectively. The result also demonstrated that leaf extract is more effective than the stem extract. The ethanolic extracts of the plant showed higher zones of inhibition against test organisms (17.74 mm) compared to aqueous extracts (13.15 mm). There is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms tested against the extracts at p

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Crude Methanolic Extracts of Excoecaria agallocha (Leaves)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Rahman ◽  
Md. Saddam Hussain ◽  
Md. Shalahuddin Millat ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Excoecaria agallocha plant (Leaves) was analyzed to explore In Vitro antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing activities as a crude methanolic extract. Antimicrobial activity was performed against a wide range of Gram positive(+Ve) and Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria by using disc diffusion method and various methanolic extracts of leaves of E.agallocha was tested for determining membrane stabilizing activity at hypotonic solution and heat induce condition and standard acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) was employed as standard. the zones of inhibition created was found to be 1.3 cm at a concentration of 100 µL/ disc in case of Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria Salmonella typhi. The results obtained were compared with that of a standard Ampicillin (10 µL) and imipenem (10µL), penicillin (10µl), cefoxitine(30µl). Crude methanolic extract of 10mg/ml concentration showed maximum value of 17.67±0.0102 and 18.92±0.086% respectively under hypotonic solution and heat induced condition. Thus the result suggest that, crude methanolic extracts of E.agallocha possessed slight to moderate antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing properties.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Xanthium Strumarium L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Ritu Kumari Das
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Antibacterial activities of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. The antibacterial activity was studied against six pathogenic bacteria, three gram negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 15380), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and three gram positive: Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25932) at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ ml, 250 mg/ml) of leaf extracts of X. strumurium. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured. Gram negative bacteria was found more resistant than gram positive bacteria. The most susceptible bacterium was S. aureus while the most resistant bacterium was E. coli. Methanolic extract was found more effective than distilled water. These findings suggest that extracts obtained from leaves of X. strumurium possess biobactericidal potential, which can suitably be exploited for making antibacterial drugs.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 70-77

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOAP MADE FROM ESSENTIAL OILS AND COMMERCIAL SOAP SOLD IN THE LEBANESE MARKET

2021 ◽  
pp. e304
Author(s):  
Candy GERGES ◽  
Mohamad HADLA ◽  
Michele ELIALI ◽  
Martine RICHA ◽  
Nour Mammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Soap ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Thousands of people are dying as a result of infections caused by bacteria. Among the main routes of germ transmission are the hands, making hand hygiene very important in preventing the spread of pathogens and bacterial infection. Hand washing with soap and water is considered to be a simple and effective measure. Old soap manufacturers have long had traditional uses in the Lebanese community. Methods: The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial activity of oil-based soaps with commercial soap sold in the Lebanese market. Different types of herbal soap and antiseptics have been used in this study. Four bacterial strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter Spp. The antibacterial activities of these soaps were determined by the diffusion method of disks in agar medium. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis of zones of inhibition showed that S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter Spp. were sensitive only to traditional oil-based soaps, which are Sage, Rose Mary and Cedar. In addition, S. aureus showed sensitivity to soaps comprised of essential oils as well as antibacterial synthetic soap, Dettol and Lifebuoy. On the other hand, E. coli showed resistance to all soaps. Soaps comprised of natural essential oils have shown antibacterial activity superior to so-called “Antibacterial” soaps. Conclusion: Based on this study, we can say that the use of soaps with essential oils might be the best option due to their organic origin as well as their antibacterial proved activities.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TOKAR SHA AGAINST ENTERIC BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 436-444
Author(s):  
Sabiu Shitu ◽  
M. Attahiru ◽  
F. A. Iliya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Infections

The antibacterial activity of Tokar sha; a local traditional medication widely used by many people in North-west zone of Nigeria especially Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara against enteric infections were examined against some clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi) using agar well diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with the tokar sha concentrations and the organisms tested. The tokar sha was more effective on E. coli with a maximum zone of growth inhibition of 25mm at 35mg/ml followed by B. cereus (20mm). However, S. aureus and S. typhi were resistant to tokar sha at all concentrations tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were found to be 35mg/ml for both E. coli and B. cereus. The antibacterial activities exhibited by tokar sha in this study could be attributed to the presence of its constituents which signifies the potential of the tokar sha as a therapeutic agent. These findings may justify the ethnomedicinal use of tokar sha as an antibacterial agent against enterobacteria

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Activities of Honey Bee Extracts against Bacterial Isolates of Wound Infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Ayodele ◽  
J. O. Aribisala ◽  
A. T. Oseni ◽  
M. K. Oladunmoye
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Microorganisms most especially bacteria, continue to develop resistance against antimicrobial agents; hence novel sources of antibiotics are urgently needed to reduce this problem. This study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activities of ethanolic, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Apis mellifera (honey bee) on isolates of wound infections. The isolates used in this study were procured from University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) and confirmed using morphological and biochemical tests. The isolates used include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. Honey bees were collected from an apitherapist at Sunshine honey and agro foods, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria. The whole insect was used for in vitro antibacterial evaluation of the isolates using agar well diffusion method. Ethanolic extract of A. mellifera had the highest inhibitory activity with mean zones of inhibition ranging from 7.40 mm to 21.67 mm, chloroform extracts had moderate inhibitory activity ranging from 4.63 mm to 10.03 mm while the aqueous extract had the least activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 3.00 mm to 6.30 mm. However, no antibacterial activity was observed against P. aeruginosa for all the extracts. It is concluded that extracts of honey bees most especially the ethanolic extract have antibacterial activity and thus could be a potential antibacterial agent against isolates of wound infections.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF DUKU’S MISTLETOE LEAF (DENDROPHTHOE PENTANDRA (L.) MIQ) COLLECTED FROM MEDAN, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Rini Hardiyanti ◽  
Lamek Marpaung ◽  
I Ketut Adnyana ◽  
Partomuan Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Activity Measurement

Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and flavonoid total of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq extract.Methods: The leaf of D. pentandra (L.) Miq was gradually extracted using methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. From that extraction process, various isolates were obtained such as isolate of methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and flavonoid total. The obtained flavonoid total was continued into separation process using column system with eluent chloroform:methanol in ratio (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4) and from this process was obtained six fractions (F1-5).Results: All isolates and fractions that obtained during the extraction and separation process were continued to the activity measurement, such as antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl method and antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method to Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of the isolate of flavonoid total and fraction of F4 and F5 was 6.69, 5.98, and 5.95 μg/mL, respectively. On the antibacterial activity, measurement showed a linear correlation between the activity and concentration (10 and 100 μg/mL) of all isolates and fractions. The antibacterial activity was dominated by flavonoid total isolate.Conclusions: The results obtained in this research work showed that the extracts and fractions of D. pentandra (L.) Miq have a potency as antioxidant and antibacterial, especially flavonoid total that acts as antioxidant and fractions F4 and F5 that act as antibacterial.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Rate of Kill of Different Fractions of Dacryodes edulis Leaf

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
R. E. Hassan-Olajokun ◽  
A. M. Deji-Agboola ◽  
O. O. Olasunkanmi ◽  
T. A. Banjo ◽  
O. Olaniran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Dacryodes edulis is a fruit tree attaining a height of 18–40 meters mostly grown around the house and rarely in the forest. It has a relatively short trunk and a deep, dense crown and it is native to Africa hence often called African pear. The leaves are a compound with 5-8 pairs of leaflets. Acetone extract/solvent fractions of the leaves of Dacryodes edulis were used. The in vitro antibacterial activities and rate of kill of different fractions were investigated. The phytochemical screening was done by some chemical tests, antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method and rate of kill was carried out on S. aureus and E. coli organisms. The fractions exhibited antibacterial activities with zones of inhibition ranged between 20 and 30 mm by Aqueous (AQU) fraction while Dichloromethane (DCM) fraction ranged between 22 and 32 mm. The standard antibiotics, streptomycin ranged between 10 and 20 mm and ampicillin between 11 and 27 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of both fractions had range values between 0.78 and 6.25 mg/mL. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoid and glycoside. Overall, the two fractions had better activities than the standard antibiotics used. The time kill assay showed that the percentage of the cells killed increased with increasing concentrations of the fractions, as well as, contact time intervals. The AQU fraction killed 100% of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cells at concentration of 4.68 mg/mL (3 X MIC) within 120 min while DCM fraction killed 100% of Escherichia coli cells within 90 min at a concentration of 4.68 mg/mL and killed 100% of S. aureus cells within 120 min at a concentration of 3.12 mg/mL (2X MIC). In conclusion, D. edulis leaf fraction has a broad spectrum antibacterial activity, with the AQU and DCM fractions being bactericidal as exemplified by the killing rate and MIC index of 2 (ratio of MBC/MIC) for both fractions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Pleurotus spp. Cultivated on Different Agricultural Wastes in Chiro, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Getachew Gashaw ◽  
Amare Fassil ◽  
Fuad Redi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

In the present study, mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida, were cultivated on different agricultural wastes namely coffee straw (CS), pea straw (PS), Sorghum Grain Residue (SGR), and Wheat Grain (WG) for the evaluation of antibacterial activity. Antimicrobial activity evaluation was carried out against human pathogenic microorganisms, namely, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi by using the disc diffusion method. Methanolic extracts of P. ostreatus cultivated on a Sorghum grain residue substrate were recorded for the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (19.8 mm) and P. aeruginosa (16.4 mm), and methanolic extracts of P. florida cultivated on a wheat grain substrate were recorded for the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (18.6 mm) and S. faecalis (14.8 mm). Therefore, results suggested that P. ostreatus and P. florida cultivated on the coffee straw and Sorghum grain substrate were found with the highest antimicrobial activity in comparison to other substrates. The results supported that the methanolic extracts of P. ostreatus and P. florida might indeed be potential sources of antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Antibacterial potency of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Diospyros mesiliformis leaf and stem bark

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
H. Jamilu ◽  
J.B. Gambo ◽  
J.J. Ocheme
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Scientific Validation ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Diospyros mespiliformis“Jackal berry” (also known as African ebony and by its Afrikaan name Jackal bessie). In hausa its called kanya, igi dudu (black wood) in Yoruba and Onye-oji (Black fellow) in igbo. It is widely used  locally in treating various ailments such as fever, whooping cough, wounds, malaria, pheumonia, syphilis, leprosy and host of other ailment without proper scientific validation. This investigation is aimed at validating the scientific use of Diospyros mespiliformis leaf and stem bark using  two solvents, methanol and aqueous. Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and glycoside. The extracts were tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The antibacterial activity of the stem bark extracts revealed higher activity against E. coli, S.typhi and S. aureus than the leaf extracts. The mean range of zones of inhibition of stem bark at 100mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml varies between 19.29± 3.82 and 5.71± 2.05 while that of leaf extract ranges from 17.71± 2.06 and 5.43±1.13 at 100mg/ml and 12.5 respectively. Key words: Antibacterial, Phytochemicals, Diospyros mespiliformis, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration.

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