Assessment of Flower Visiting Insects Diversity as Pollinators in Two Parks, Kolkata, India

Insects are depends upon autotrophs and they attract by the flowers colour and shape as pollinator. This is a mutual relationship between flowers and insects. The present study aims to determine flower visiting insect diversity as pollinators in two parks as biomonitoring of automobile air pollution exposure, landscape changes and/or human interactions. The study areas were selected as per heavily-populated neighborhoods, nearby office buildings, nearby roads and continuous vehicular movements, human interactions as visitors, where fences and high levels of human disturbance are common. The study was carried out at 2 sampling stations viz (i) Elliot park and (ii) Agri-Horticulture Society. The flower species were selected viz. Helianthus annuus, Petunia sp. and Buganvilia spectabilis planting above mentioned areas because these species are more common among other species. In each flower, diversity of visiting insects were studied by qualitative and quantitative assessment. Indices were Species richness, Index of Dominance, Relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Evenness Index for insects for all selected sites were calculated using the statistical formulae. The present results clearly indicate that the flower visiting insects are very less in numbers on three flowering species and index values were decreased. This study is a preliminary assessment of flower visiting insects diversity but further researches are needed in relation to pollination efficiencies of flower visiting insects and biochemical and genetic damage study of flowers as well as air pollution load by using instruments. It was concluded that three flowering species viz. sunflower, petunia and bougainvillea are very common both the parks but insect visitors are common but present less in number, which may be due to the vehicular pollution and/or human interference and/or landscape changes due to nearby neighborhood blocks, office and residential buildings etc.

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Assessment of Bird Diversity as Bioindicators in Two Parks, Kolkata, India

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.16.131 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 131-139

Author(s):

Ranjini Chowdhury ◽

Subhodeep Sarkar ◽

Abantika Nandy ◽

Soumendra Nath Talapatra

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Diversity ◽

Landscape Changes ◽

Vehicular Pollution ◽

Human Interactions ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Wide Range

The trees of parks and gardens support many species, the survival of urban-dwelling species mainly bird species. Birds amongst other species provide a wide range of environmental and social functions to cities and urban dwellers. The present study aims to know bird diversity in two parks as bioindicator of automobile air pollution exposure, landscape changes and/or human interactions. The study areas were selected as per heavily-populated neighborhoods, nearby office buildings, nearby roads and continuous vehicular movements, human interactions as visitors, where high levels of human disturbance are common. The study was carried out at 2 sampling stations viz (i) Elliot park and (ii) Agri-horticulture Society. The bird species diversity was studied by qualitative and quantitative assessment. Indices were Species richness, Index of Dominance, Relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Evenness Index for birds for all selected sites were calculated using the statistical formulae. The present results as bioindicators bird species clearly indicate that the bird species are very few in numbers in both the parks. When comparison made between both the parks, it was observed less number of bird varieties (16 types) in Elliot park than varieties (9 types) more less in number in Agri-horticulture society. This study is a preliminary assessment of bird diversity but further researches are needed in relation to biochemical and genetic damage study as well as air pollution load by using instruments. In the present study it was concluded that the less numbers of birds and their different diversity indices were found a decreasing trends, though there no attempt has been made on physico-chemical properties of present air pollutants. The less number of varieties of bird species are as tolerant bioindicators, which may be due to the vehicular pollution and/or human interference and/or landscape changes due to nearby neighborhood blocks, office and residential buildings, continuous movement of vehicles etc

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Kepelbagaian Artropod dalam Tanaman Padi Tradisional di Batang Lupar, Sarawak

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v70.3535 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Fitri Masarudin ◽

Maisarah Mohamad Saad

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Insect Predators ◽

Richness Index

The diversity of arthropod consists of pests and predators in rice fields were contribute to the biological control of crop pests at different stages of growth. The rice fields in Batang Lupar, Sarawak has diverse ecological conditions as well as presence of arthropod too. The study in MARDI research plot Batang Lupar in Sri Aman, Sarawak had been done on traditional rice varieties, Bubuk, Bali and Mamut by using sweeping net. The entire specimens were sorted out and classified into the smallest possible taxa. Statistical analysis were analysed by using Shanon-wiener Diversity Index, Evenness Shannon Index and Margalef Richness Index. A total of 272 individual arthropods had been collected and it consists of 7 order, 18 families and 23 species. Among of that 3 species are spiders, 9 species are insect pests and 11 species are insect predators. Analysis data for the diversity of arthropod has shown that there were no significantly different between three varieties, Bubuk, Bali and Mamut (P > 0.05). Besides that, diversity of the arthropod in Bali is higher than Bubuk and Mamut.

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Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Evaluation of Trophic State of Water Body in Bosten Lake

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.422 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 422-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xing Mu ◽

Fang Wang ◽

He Ying Sun ◽

Li Min Chu ◽

Jia Li Wang

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Water Body ◽

Trophic State ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Bosten Lake ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

State Of Water ◽

Synedra Acus ◽

The Mean ◽

Richness Index

Bosten Lake was the largest inland freshwater lake in China. It is facing with a series of ecological problems nowadays. The phytoplankton and water samples of seventeen sampling sites in Bosten Lake were collected in September 2012. Results show that sixty-four species (genera) of phytoplankton, which belong to six phyla, are identified. The community structure of phytoplankton is dominated by Chlorophyta. The mean cell density of phytoplankton in whole lake is 8179.01×104cells·L-1 and Cyanophyta accounts for 94.71%. The dominant species are Chroococcus sp. and Synedra acus. In terms of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Pielou evenness index and total nitrogen content, it is ascertained that trophic state of water body in Estuary and Pumping Station is between mesotrophication and eutrophication. While in the other districts, the water body is eutrophic. In addition, the eutrophic degree of water body in District IV is higher.

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Herpetofauna community structure and distribution of Watu Joglo cave area, Gunung Kidul, Special Region of Yogyakarta

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20201900008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 00008

Author(s):

Khadija Lung Ayu ◽

Nishfi Laila Maghfiroh ◽

Afghan Azka Falah ◽

Muhammad Haekal ◽

Alfonsus Toribio Eko Saputro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Data Sampling ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Evenness Index ◽

Richness Index ◽

Special Region

Watu Joglo is one of the caves located in the row of the Sewu mountains, Gunung Kidul, Special Regency of Yogyakarta. Watu Joglo has various suitable microhabitats for herpetofauna. So far, the study about herpetofauna’s community structure and distribution has not been carried out in Watu Joglo. This study aimed to study and map the diversity, richness, evenness, and distribution of herpetofauna in Watu Joglo. Herpetofauna’s data sampling was carried out for three days. The study was conducted on 6-8 April 2018. The data of herpetofauna community were analyzed with Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Pielou Evenness Index. The data of herpetofauna distribution were mapped and analyzed with Avenza and ArcGis. Based on the research conducted, we found 11 species of herpetofauna which consisted of five species from Ordo Anura, four species from Subordo Lacertilia, and two species from Subordo Serpentes. Herpetofauna in Watu Joglo was widely distributed around the river. According to diversity analysis, Watu Joglo has moderate diversity index, 1.667. Besides, Watu Joglo has high evenness index which is 0.85 but low richness index which is 2.83.

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Effect of shrub encroachment on their sub-canopy soil and vegetation properties

10.22541/au.160812614.45330020/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Erfanzadeh ◽

Moslem Yazdani ◽

Asghar Saleh Mosleh Arani

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Shrub Encroachment ◽

Shrub Species ◽

Dimensional Scaling ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Canopy Soil ◽

Vegetation Characteristics ◽

Amygdalus Scoparia ◽

Richness Index ◽

One Way Anova

Shrub encroachment (SE) has been occurring and studied worldwide over the last century. What remains to be investigated is how soil and vegetation characteristics vary under canopy of different species of shrubs for restoration goals. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effect of three shrub species (Amygdalus scoparia, Ebenus stellata, and Daphne mezereum) on soil and vegetation characteristics under their canopies in semiarid rangelands in Iran for restoration purposes of degraded areas. Fifteen sites were randomly selected in such three shrub species which were found close to each other in each site. Soil and vegetation characteristics were measured under the three shrubs, comparing with outside the shrub canopies (control). One-way ANOVA and non-metric dimensional scaling were used to clarify the differences of the effects of different shrub species on sub-canopy soil and plants. The results indicated that the effect of different species of shrubs on soil properties was not equal, more pronounced by A. scoparia. Similarly, the highest value of herbaceous Shannon-Wiener diversity index was recorded under A. scoparia (2.07) as compared with D. mezerum (1.76), E. stellata (1.41). The highest and lowest values of Menhinick richness index were observed under A. scoparia (3.43) and E. stellata (1.46), respectively. Compared with two other shrubs, a taller canopy in A. scoparia (3.50m vs. 2.60m and 1.83m) probably led to greater litter input by the shrub. Different effects of different species of shrubs on sub-canopy soil and vegetation should be considered in the restoration projects of degraded semiarid rangelands.

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Keanekaragaman dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Pekarangan di Desa Taripa, Kecamatan Pamona Timur, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.11.1.2021.32135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Vanda Evanglin Tobondo ◽

Roni Koneri ◽

Dingse Pandiangan

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

The Family ◽

Garden Plants ◽

Richness Index ◽

Central Sulawesi

(Article History: Received January 14, 2021; Revised February 15, 2021; Accepted February 28, 2021) ABSTRAK Pekarangan merupakan sebidang tanah yang di atasnya terdapat bangunan tempat tinggal dan dapat dibudidayakan berbagai spesies tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan tanaman pekarangan di Desa Taripa, Kecamatan Pamona Timur, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Pengambilan sampel berdasarkan luas pekarangan yaitu kategori sempit (100-200 m2), sedang (300-400 m2) dan luas (500-600 m2). Pada setiap kategori diambil 10 sampel pekarangan dan dicatat seluruh spesies tanaman yang terdapat pada pekarangan tersebut. Pemanfaatan tanaman ditentukan berdasarkan alasan penanaman dengan wawancara langsung dengan pemilik pekarangan. Analisis data meliputi kelimpahan, indek kekayaan, indek keanekaragaman dan indek kemerataan spesies tanaman. Hasil didapatkan sebanyak 64 famili yang terdiri dari 155 spesies dan 1265 individu. Famili yang banyak ditemukan jumlah spesiesnya adalah Araceae. Spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu Garcinia mangostana dan Curcuma longa. Kelimpahan spesies tertinggi pada lahan pekarangan katagori luas. Keanekaragaman dan kekayaan spesies tanaman tertinggi pada lahan pekarangan kategori sempit, sedangkan kemerataan pada lahan kategori sedang. Habitus tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan adalah herba. Organ tanaman yang dimanfaatkan umumnya daun, sedangkan pemanfaatan tanaman pekarangan banyak digunakan sebagai sumber pangan. Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman; Garcinia mangostoma; herba; daun. ABSTRACTYard is a plot of land on which there are residential buildings and various plant species can be cultivated. This research aims to analyze the diversity and utilization of garden plants in Taripa Village, East Pamona District, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi. Sampling was based on the area of the yard, namely the narrow (100-200 m2), medium (300-400 m2) and broad (500-600 m2). In each category, 10 samples of the yard were taken and recorded all plant species found in the yard. The use of plants is determined based on the reasons for planting by direct interviews with the owners of the yards. Data analysis includes abundance, Richness index, diversity index and index evenness of plant species. The results obtained were 64 families consisting of 155 species and 1265 individuals. The family with the most number of species found is Araceae. The species that had the highest abundance were Garcinia mangostana and Curcuma longa. The highest species abundance was in the large yard area. The highest diversity and richness of plant species was in the narrow category land, while evenness was in the medium category. Plant habitus that is widely used is herbaceous. The plant organs that are used are generally leaves, while the use of garden plants is widely used as a food source. Key words: Diversity; Garcinia mangostoma; herb; leaf.

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Seasonal influence of physicochemical parameters on phytoplankton diversity and assemblage pattern in Kailash Khal, a tropical wetland, Sundarbans, India

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-019-1034-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pranab Gogoi ◽

Archana Sinha ◽

Soma Das Sarkar ◽

Thangjam Nirupada Chanu ◽

Anil Kumar Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Specific Conductivity ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Phytoplankton Diversity ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Algal Groups ◽

Richness Index ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract Studies were carried out from April 2016 to March 2017 for effective understanding of diversity combined with environment-influenced spatiotemporal dynamics of microfloral structure in Kailash Khal wetland of Indian Sundarbans. A total of 36 phytoplankton genera were recorded from the study area. Eight major algal groups were in order of: Bacillariophyceae > Cyanophyceae > Chlorophyceae > Coscinodiscophyceae > Xanthophyceae > Euglenophyceae > Conjugatophyceae > Mediophyceae with respect to their quantitative abundance. Mean seasonal abundance was found highest in pre-monsoon (4.32 × 103 cells l−1) followed by post-monsoon (3.88 × 103 cells l−1) and monsoon (1.96 × 103 cells l−1). One-way ANOVA showed that seasonal difference in physicochemical parameters was statistically significant for temperature, DO, specific conductivity, TA, TS, Ca++, nitrate, transparency, salinity, TH, turbidity, Mg++ and phosphate (p < 0.05). pH, temperature, total hardness, TDS nitrate, phosphate and silicate showed a close affinity with the distribution of phytoplankton community as evident from canonical correspondence analysis. Margalef richness index (3.121–3.774) and Shannon–Wiener diversity index (2.730–2.939) indicated moderately rich phytoplankton diversity in the wetland ecosystem.

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Effect of water parameters on temporal distribution and abundance of zooplankton at Kaptai lake reservoir, Rangamati, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v4i4.40112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 389-399

Author(s):

Md Anowarul Haque ◽

Md Rashed Un Nabi ◽

Md Masum Billah ◽

Abdulla Al Asif ◽

Mohammed Rezowan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Larvae ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Water Parameters ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Water Ph ◽

Chemical Conditions ◽

Richness Index

Seasonal abundance of zooplankton in relation to different physico-chemical conditions of Kaptai lake has been studied. A total of four major groups of zooplankton were identified from study area of Kaptai lake during three seasons observation at pre-monsoon, monsoon and Post-monsoon. These four groups were categorized into rotifers, copepods, cladocerans and others (fish larvae, shrimp larvae, insects, mosquito larvae etc.). The mean abundance of group rotifers, copepods, cladoceras and others were 103, 84.67, 38.33 and 41.83 ind. L-1 respectively. The highest group was rotifers in terms of abundance and composition where compositions were recorded 38 % at three season’s observation. The lowest group was cladoceras in term of abundance and composition where compositions were recorded 14 %. The air temperature, water temperature, transparency, water pH, DO, BOD5, PO4-P, NO2-N, SiO3-Si, TSS, TDS, Alkalinity ranged between 21 and 27.50C, 23.5 and 31.50C, 0.8 and 3 m, 7.1 and 7.5, 5.72 and 8.58 mg/l, 8.55 and 12.87 mg/l, 3.22 and 4.13 μg/l, 0.992 and 1.19 μg/l, 161.18 and 201.15 μg/l, 0.28 and 0.48 g/l, 0.18 and 0.68 g/l, 40 and 60 ppm, respectively. Margalef richness index (d), Pielou’s evenness index (J'), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Simpson dominance index (λ) are analyzed by Primer V6 software to quantify the collected species. Through same software SIMPER, Cluster analysis also done to compare similarity between season. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 389-399

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PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA NABATI MENGENDALIKAN HAMA-HAMA PADI MERAH (Oryza nivara L.) DI DUSUN SOPORARU, TAPANULI UTARA, SUMATERA UTARA

AGRIFOR ◽

10.31293/agrifor.v20i1.4940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar ◽

Tulus Tulus ◽

Kemala Sari Lubis

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Neem Leaves ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Richness Index

Locally specific Natabo brown rice was identified in Pangaribuan Subdistrict, North Tapanuli, where the attack of stem borer, brown planthoppers, leafhoppers and stink bugs affects rice productivity. The alternative step to control pests in a biological used by biology pesticides to increase productivity and food security. This research was conducted for eight months during March to October 2020, with a survey stage, inventory of pests in the fields using the purposive random sampling method in Soporaru backwoods, Sigotom Julu Village, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli. The application of biology pesticides consists of 5 treatments, namely: B0 (Control, without application); BP1 (neem leaves, galangal, lemongrass, detergent, water); BP2 (soursop leaves, galangal rhizome, garlic, detergent, water); BP3 (soursop leaves, detergent, water) and BP4 (kenikir leaves, marigold flowers, Zinnia flowers). The composition of insects consist of 8 order, 26 familes, totalpopulation were 1.080 individuals.The calculation of the Margallef species richness index (Rp=7.25; Rc=7.15), the Evenness evenness index (Ep= 0.62; Ec=0.57) and the Shannon Wiener diversity index (Hp'= 2.38; Hc’=2.12). The parameters of temperature, humidity, rainfall) are calculated. The use of biology pesticides has strategic potential in controlling the dominant pests of rice in the future.

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Diversity and Composition of Hymenoptera Around Tidal Swamp Rice In Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

Andalasian International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (AIJANS) ◽

10.25077/aijans.v2.i02.13-20.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Zahlul Ikhsan ◽

Aulia Oktavia

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Ecological Role ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Index Value ◽

Rice Plantation ◽

Richness Index ◽

High Diversity

Pest attacks on rice plants can cause a detrimental decrease in production. Hymenoptera has many important roles in ecosystems, including as parasitoids and predators of pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of Hymenoptera around tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Indonesia. Sampling used four traps, namely: 1) swing net; 2) yellow pan trap; 3) malaise trap; and 4) pitfall traps. The analysis was carried out by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), the Margalef species richness index (D), the Pielou species evenness index (J). Hymenoptera found around tidal swamp rice areas of Indragiri Hilir Regency were 15.253 Hymenoptera insects consisting of 11 superfamilies, 37 families, and 304 morphospecies. Hymenoptera parasitoid had the highest diversity index value (4,80), followed by Hymenoptera pollinator (3,13) and Hymenoptera predator (3,11). The number of species of Hymenoptera parasitoid, pollinator, and predator obtained was 243; 31 and 76 species. The high diversity of Hymenoptera around tidal agricultural land optimizes its ecological role in the rice plantation ecosystem.

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