scholarly journals Glaucoma and Diabetes: A Sweet Connection

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chevy Singh ◽  
Denis Jusufbegovic ◽  
John Lind ◽  
Padmanabhan Pattabiraman
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Many Body Systems

Background/Objective:   Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. In the United States alone, a little more than three million people live with this disorder which is caused by damage to the optic nerve found in the back of the eye. This is most commonly caused by an increase in the intraocular pressure, or the fluid that maintains the shape and provides nutrients to the eye. Diabetes mellitus (DM), an age-related disorder, is a risk factor for glaucoma. Post-meal, the sugar one eats is managed in the body by the hormone insulin. However, the excess sugar found in diabetics, can exhaust the production of insulin and lead to many adverse complications in the body as well as increase risk of disease. Although some studies suggest a correlation between diabetes and glaucoma, the mechanisms of this association has not been thoroughly investigated. Our objective is to further explore this connection and provide the mechanisms that link diabetes to glaucoma.     Results:  From retrospective literature review, we find that diabetes is known to have an additive effect on neural apoptosis and in the generation of reactive oxygen in patients with high intraocular pressure. DM also impairs retrograde axonal transport, causes an accumulation of fibronectin in trabecular meshwork, changes eye vasculature, causes dysregulation in lipid metabolism, and malabsorption of vitamins.       Conclusion & Scientific/Clinical Policy Impact and Implications:    This study sheds light on one of the most troubling eye conditions worldwide. The symptoms of diabetes described here increase ones’ risk of developing glaucoma. These pathways result in obstruction of aqueous humor drainage or direct damage to the optic nerve cells leading to glaucoma. Diabetes is a common disease that involves many body systems. With knowledge of the relationship between diabetes and glaucoma, measures can be taken to prevent irreversible eye damage in the diabetic population.  

scholarly journals Relationships between motor performance and body composition of school adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Giliard Mores ◽  
Alexandre De Souza Nunes ◽  
Renan José De Moura Batista ◽  
Luiz Felipe Petusk Corona ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Habitante
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Improve Health

Introduction: Motor coordination is a result of interactions between many body systems, producing accurate and balanced kinetic actions. The evaluation of motor performance levels in children and teenagers may conserve and improve health and life qualities. Body composition may interfere considerably in motor coordination, particularly in overweight and obese conditions. Objective: To analyse the relationships between motor performance and body composition in children. Methods: Motor coordination was evaluated through the Körperkoordinations test für Kinder (KTK test), considering the motor quotient (MQ) and body composition using the body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI). Results: BMI (38% and 36%) and BF% (28% and 22%), from boys and girls respectively, demonstrated that body composition is above the recommended. Girls presented MQ values lower than those observed in boys (p < 0.001). The groups with BFPs below the recommended value showed higher values of MQ than the normal group (p<0.05) and than children above the recommended ideal (p < 0.05). A reverse correlation was observed between MQ with BF% (r = -0.432) or BMI (r = -0.254). Conclusion: There are relationships between body composition and motor coordination in teenagers between 11 and 14 years old, related or not to gender and age.  

scholarly journals Is Pulmonary Thromboembolism uncommon in Nigeria? A case series in a private tertiary hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
John Ogunkoya ◽  
Afolashade Oluwole ◽  
Ezuduemoih Daniel ◽  
Osaze Ehioghae ◽  
Oyebimpe Ajiboye
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Ogun State

Background: Pulmonary thromboembolism is total or partial obstruction of one or more divisions of pulmonary arterial vasculature. It is a common disease presentation that is well studied and documented in the United States of America and Western Europe. It is often the result of part of a thrombotic lesion in deep veins (Deep Vein Thrombosis) elsewhere in the body most commonly the lower limbs and the pelvic region. There are few documented cases in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa as a result of poorly equipped hospitals and poorly trained health care personnel. Case presentation: Twenty-Nine (29) cases were seen in a Private Tertiary institution in Ogun State, Nigeria. Computerized Tomography with Pulmonary Angiography had helped to confirm these cases, with prompt intervention thereby reducing morbidity and mortality significantly. Only 3(three) mortality was recorded out of 29 cases seen between July 2016 and June 2020. Discussion and conclusion: Pulmonary thromboembolism is not uncommon in Nigerians and black Africans as available data previously suggested. All hands must be on deck to identify potential cases and investigate at-risk individuals who have clinical symptoms that are often misdiagnosed as other disease entities.

scholarly journals Elevated intraocular pressure decreases response sensitivity of inner retinal neurons in experimental glaucoma mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 2593-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Jie Pang ◽  
Benjamin J. Frankfort ◽  
Ronald L. Gross ◽  
Samuel M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inner Retina ◽  
Elevated Intraocular Pressure

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the United States and the world, characterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Glaucoma patients exhibit an early diffuse loss of retinal sensitivity followed by focal loss of RGCs in sectored patterns. Recent evidence has suggested that this early sensitivity loss may be associated with dysfunctions in the inner retina, but detailed cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying such sensitivity changes are largely unknown. In this study, we use whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques to analyze light responses of individual bipolar cells (BCs), AII amacrine cells (AIIACs), and ON and sustained OFF alpha-ganglion cells (ONαGCs and sOFFαGCs) in dark-adapted mouse retinas with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). We present evidence showing that elevated IOP suppresses the rod ON BC inputs to AIIACs, resulting in less sensitive AIIACs, which alter AIIAC inputs to ONαGCs via the AIIAC→cone ON BC→ONαGC pathway, resulting in lower ONαGC sensitivity. The altered AIIAC response also reduces sOFFαGC sensitivity via the AIIAC→sOFFαGC chemical synapses. These sensitivity decreases in αGCs and AIIACs were found in mice with elevated IOP for 3–7 wk, a stage when little RGC or optic nerve degeneration was observed. Our finding that elevated IOP alters neuronal function in the inner retina before irreversible structural damage occurs provides useful information for developing new diagnostic tools and treatments for glaucoma in human patients.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant value of fruits and vegetables

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012082
Author(s):  
OV Perfilova ◽  
K V Bryksina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Many Body Systems

Abstract Natural sources of antioxidants are plant materials, which include dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Fruits and vegetables are the main natural sources of dietary fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements and one of the popular ingredients for creating functional products that have a regulatory effect on many body systems and the body as a whole. The article examines the biochemical characteristics of fresh fruits and vegetables in order to highlight the most promising ones for bakeries. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of the biochemical characteristics of fresh fruits and vegetables, the most promising ones for baking were identified.

scholarly journals Prevalence, knowledge and perception of insomnia and hypersomnia condition among young adult population – A questionnaire-based survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1881-1887
Author(s):  
Sushma B ◽  
Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
The Right

In the present modern mechanical world, humans are living like a machine without proper food at the right time, without sleep at the right time or even without any relaxation. There is a concept that even food stands next to sleep for a human's life. Sleep plays a major role in human life for the proper functioning of the brain. Any disturbances in sleep for prolonged duration or period may create serious effects in the body and its functioning. Sleeplessness is known clinically as insomnia, a sleep-related disorder wherein the affected people have problems in sleeping. They may have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep as long as desired. Hypersomnia, on the other hand, is a neurological disorder of excessive times spent sleeping or excessive sleep. It can have many possible causes and problems with functioning. The study setting is done using online Google forms, including 100 participants. The sampling method is a random sampling method. Well-structured questionnaires were prepared and circulated among those 100 participants. According to the results, 74% of the adults who took the survey are aware that insomnia is sleeplessness. More than 50% of the adults feel that insomnia and hypersomnia lead to death, and 53% of the adults believe that insomnia and hypersomnia are age-related. It can be concluded that awareness of such sleep disorders can be helpful for future generations.

1986 Von Hippel Lecture: The Many-Body Approach to Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Minko Balkanski
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Many

I would like to express my gratitude to the Awards Committee and its chairman for bringing me here today. One of the effects, and not the least, of this award is to call on my earliest recollections from the United States. In the Fall of 1956, I arrived in Boston at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Prof. von Hippel. My stay in the Materials Research Laboratory of MIT was a determining influence in my future work.The many-body problem is the study of the effects of interaction between bodies on the behavior of a many-body system. The importance of the many-body problem derives from the fact that almost any real physical system is composed of a set of interacting particles. Another essential aspect is that the many-body problem is not a branch of solid-state or atomic or nuclear physics but deals with general methods applicable to all many-body systems.Because of the complexity of the many-body problem, one of the preferred solutions is simply to ignore it. One can always say, “Let us admit that the particles forming the system do not interact or that their interaction is so weak that the effect can be considered negligible.” In many cases, this method produced good results, and one of the great mysteries is why.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Environmental Pollution Extension Curriculum Improved Diet-Related Behaviors and Environmental Health Literacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863021983699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Brewer ◽  
Hannah Bellamy ◽  
Anna Hoover ◽  
Annie Koempel ◽  
Lisa Gaetke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Age Related

Kentucky experiences some of the nation’s worst health outcomes related to obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and other age-related chronic diseases linked with oxidative stress and inflammation, which in turn are associated with poor diet, lack of physical activity, and exposure to certain environmental pollutants. In the Commonwealth, deteriorating infrastructure, inappropriate waste disposal, and potential occupational injury related to mining, agriculture, and other regionally important industries exacerbate the need for residents to have basic knowledge of potential environmental health threats. Unfortunately, community-level understanding of the complex connections between environmental exposures and health is limited, with many Kentuckians unaware that the Commonwealth is home to 13 hazardous waste sites included in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund National Priorities List (NPL). The NPL highlights priority sites for long-term remedial action to reduce environmental contaminants. To enhance the understanding of environmental health and protective actions, the University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center Community Engagement Core developed a 9-lesson extension curriculum “Body Balance: Protect Your Body from Pollution with a Healthy Lifestyle” (Body Balance) and partnered with Kentucky’s Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) Cooperative Extension Service to pilot the curriculum in Kentucky communities. FCS agents in 4 Kentucky counties delivered the Body Balance pilot study (18-31 participants per lesson). Pre- and post-lesson questionnaires revealed increased knowledge and awareness of the effects of environmental pollution on health and the protective role of dietary strategies. Focus group participants (n = 18) self-reported positive behavior changes because of increases in knowledge and leadership from their FCS agent. The Body Balance curriculum appeared to be a promising mechanism for raising environmental health and diet knowledge, as well as for promoting positive behavior changes among white, middle/older-aged women in rural Kentucky communities.

scholarly journals Integral health improvement system for adolescent patients with paroxysmal conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
K G. Ganeev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Many Body Systems

The development of pathological mechanisms of paroxysmal states of epileptic and non-epileptic nature of the pubertal period was studied. A systematic approach to identifying the interest of many body systems that provide homeostasis (mental, autonomic, immune) revealed their inconsistency. Taking into account the dominant role of the central nervous system in the implementation of adaptive, adaptive functions of the body, the formation of a paroxysmal state (PS) is considered as one of the manifestations of central nervous system dysadaptation in the period of hormonal imbalance.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

PERMEABILITY OF CELLS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN ASSESSMENT OF FISHES AGE

1970 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
N. I. Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Cellular Permeability ◽  
Membrane Strength

The article presents analysis of material and results of their own studies on changes in the permeability of cellular structures, organs and tissues in carp, which is of great importance in determining age-related indicators. The cells permeability in liver and gonads estimation was carried out under the experimental base of VNIIR on two carp genotypes during the pre-spawning period. The carp groups taken for analysis differed significantly in their genotypes. In females of the Khrapunov group the fecundity was 2023.0 thousand units, while the number of oocytes filled with yolk was only 0.7%, in the Ostashevsky ones - 1370.0 thousand units and 8.6%, respectively. During estimation the chemical composition of the generative tissue in females and males it was established that the cholesterol and lecithin content in males is higher than that of females, while feeding dependence is observed, especially on the amount of protein in the diet. For example, in females on protein diet contained less glycogen in gonads than on females on carbohydrate diet. Lecithin and cholesterol are higher in males than in females, which corresponds to increasing the Gyurdy Ratio (estimation of cell membrane strength). In spermatogenesis the content of phospholipids and cholesterol in the liver was decreased less than during ovogenesis. This indicates a lower level of synthetic processes in the milts compared with the ovaries. The cholesterol content in sperm is higher than in caviar in 19.6 times, and phospholipids almost doubled. With increasing age, the Gyordy Ratio for caviar decreases, for sperm it increases, the percentage of caviar fertilization increases. As the body age metabolism deteriorates, cellular permeability decreases (the ratio of lecithin and cholesterol changes significantly). At the same time, the permeability of cells in different organs and tissues varies and depends on living conditions, especially feeding and to some extent on the origin. In fish the gross productivity decreases as growth slows down and more energy is spent on adaptation to environmental conditions.

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