scholarly journals Globalization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magaly Denisse Carrillo Terriquez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Per Capita

Countries have been able to exchange goods and services as well as intellectual property. However, they have not addressed how these changes affect those that are considered a vulnerable population, women. The feminization of poverty is a real problem in our globalized society, where women form 70% of the world's poor. This paper investigates globalization's impact on women empowerment by focusing on maternal mortality and female primary education in eighty-seven developing countries. The literature suggests that an increase of globalization leads to a decrease in maternal death and to an increase in female primary education. The pooled data set was subject to a regression analysis, controlling for democracy, equality, and GDP per capita. The results demonstrate a strong negative correlation between globalization and mother mortality rates. In addition, there is a positive correlation between globalization and primary education for females demonstrating that globalization improves the lives of females in the developing world.

Cointegration-causality analysis between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 664-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Ismail ◽  
Shehla Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is two folds: first, to analyze the long-run relationship between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators (GDP growth, GDP per capita, inflation and unemployment) and second, to determine the direction of causality between these variables in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – The relationship between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators is analyzed by applying Johansen cointegration analysis. Furthermore, the causality between terrorism and macroeconomic indicators is tested by applying Toda Yamamoto Granger causality test. Findings – The results show that there exists a long-run relationship between terrorism and key macroeconomic indicators. Furthermore, the results suggest that there exists a bi-directional causality between terrorism and inflation. The causality between GDP per capita, unemployment, GDP growth and terrorism is unidirectional. Originality/value – There is a lack of research work conducted to analyze the long-run relationship and direction of causation between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators specifically for Pakistan. The current paper fills the gap in the literature by using sophisticated econometric techniques and recent data set to provide the evidence of the relationship between terrorism and various macroeconomic indicators.

scholarly journals Untangling factors associated with country-specific COVID-19 incidence, mortality and case fatality rates during the first quarter of 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Shagam
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractAt early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic which we are experiencing, the publicly reported incidence, mortality and case fatality rates (CFR) vary significantly between countries. Here we aim to untangle factors that are associated with the differences during the first quarter of the year 2020. Number of performed COVID-19 tests has a strong correlation with country-specific incidence (p < 2 × 10−16) and mortality rate (p = 5.1 × 10−8). Using multivariate linear regression we show that incidence and mortality rates correlate significantly with GDP per capita (p = 2.6 × 10−15 and 7.0 × 10−4, respectively), country-specific duration of the outbreak (2.6 × 10−4 and 0.0019), fraction of citizens over 65 years old (p = 0.0049 and 3.8 × 10−4) and level of press freedom (p = 0.021 and 0.019) which cumulatively explain 80% of variability of incidence and more than 60% of variability of mortality of the disease during the period analyzed. Country hemisphere demonstrated significant correlation only with mortality (p = 0.17 and 0.036) whereas population density (p = 0.94 and p = 0.75) and latitude (p = 0.61 and 0.059) did not reach significance in our model. Case fatality rate is shown to rise as the outbreak progresses (p=0.028). We rank countries by COVID-19 mortality corrected for incidence and the factors that were shown to affect it, and by CFR corrected for outbreak duration, yielding very similar results. Among the countries where the outbreak started after the 15th of February and with at least 1000 registered patients during the period analyzed, the lowest corrected CFR are seen in Israel, South Africa and Chile. The ranking results should be considered with caution as they do not consider all confounding factors or data reporting biases.

Forecasting global road traffic injury mortality for 2030

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Inada ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Abdulgafoor Bachani ◽  
Adnan A Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Years Of Schooling

ObjectiveTo forecast the number and rate of deaths from road traffic injuries (RTI) in the world in 2030.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of annual country-level data of RTI mortality rates for 1990–2017 in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study, population projection for 2030, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita for 1990–2030 and average years of schooling among people aged 15 years+ for 1990–2030. We developed up to 6884 combinations of forecasting models for each subgroup stratified by country, sex and mode of transport using linear and squared year, GDP per capita and average years of schooling as potential predictors. We conducted a fixed-size, rolling window out-of-sample forecast to choose the best combination for each subgroup. In the validation, we used the data for 1990–2002, 1991–2003 and 1992–2004 (fit periods) to forecast mortality rates in 2015, 2016 and 2017 (test periods), respectively. We applied the selected combination of models to the data for 1990–2017 to forecast the mortality rate in 2030 for each subgroup. To forecast the number of deaths, we multiplied the forecasted mortality rates by the corresponding population projection.ResultsDuring the test periods, the selected combination of models produced the number of deaths that is higher than that estimated in the GBD Study by 5.1% collectively. Our model resulted in 1.225 million deaths and 14.3 deaths per 100 000 population in 2030, which were 1% and 12% less than those for 2017 in the GBD Study, respectively.ConclusionsThe world needs to accelerate its efforts towards achieving the Decade of Action for Road Safety goal and the Sustainable Development Goals target.

scholarly journals MARRIAGE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-420
Author(s):  
Alessio Moro ◽  
Solmaz Moslehi ◽  
Satoshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract:There is an extensive literature discussing how individuals’ marriage behavior changes as a country develops. However, no existing data set allows an explicit investigation of the relationship between marriage and economic development. In this paper, we construct new cross-country panel data on marital statistics for 16 OECD countries from 1900 to 2000, in order to analyze such a relationship. We use this data set, together with cross-country data on real GDP per capita and the value added share of agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors, to document two novel stylized facts. First, the fraction of a country’s population that is married displays a hump-shaped relationship with the level of real GDP per capita. Second, the fraction of the married correlates positively with the share of manufacturing in GDP. We conclude that the stage of economic development of a country is a key factor that affects individuals’ family formation decisions.

scholarly journals Chronic respiratory disease mortality and its associated factors in selected Asian countries: evidence from panel error correction model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Augusto Baptista ◽  
Sudeshna Dey ◽  
Soumya Pal
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs) in Asian countries are a growing concern in terms of morbidity and mortality. However, a systematic understanding of the increasing age-adjusted mortality rate of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and its associated factors is not readily available for many Asian countries. We aimed to determine country-level factors affecting CRD mortality using a panel error correction model. Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, we estimated the trends and distribution of CRD mortality for selected Asian countries from 2010 to 2017. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between CRD mortality and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, average years of schooling, urbanization, and pollutant emission (PM2.5 concentration) using a fixed-effect model. We corrected the estimates for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation through Prais-Winsten adjustment along with robust standard error. Results Between 2010 and 2017, approximately 21.4 million people died from chronic respiratory diseases in the countries studied. Age-standardized crude mortality rate from CRDs in the period had minimum and maximum values of 8.19 (Singapore in 2016) and 155.42 (North Korea in 2010) per 100,000 population, respectively. The coefficients corrected for autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity based on the final model of our study (Prais-Winsten), showed that all explanatory variables were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The model shows that the 1% increase in GDP per capita results in a 20% increase (0.203) in the CRD mortality rate and that a higher concentration of air pollution is also positively associated with the CRD deaths (0.00869). However, an extra year of schooling reduces the mortality rate by 4.79% (− 0.0479). Further, rate of urbanization is negatively associated with the CRD death rate (− 0.0252). Conclusions Our results indicate that both socioeconomic and environmental factors impact CRD mortality rates. Mortality due to CRD increases with rising GDP per capita and decreases with the percentage of the total population residing in urban areas. Further, mortality increases with greater exposure to PM2.5. Also, higher years of schooling mitigate rising CRD mortality rates, showing that education can act as a safety net against CRD mortality. These results are an outcome of sequential adjustments in the final model specification to correct for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation.

scholarly journals A  Correlational Study on the Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product  Per Capita of a Country and Its COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Emmanuel G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Some studies had shown that there is a relationship between the state of the economy of a country and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates. However, these studies are just done on countries that are often on developed countries. This study aims to find the relationship between GDP and GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates on all countries. In addition, they will also be analyzed based on their different income levels. The data collected are from databases from World Bank and WHO and will be analyzed through MS Excel and JASP. Spearman’s rho is used to analyze the overall data and stratified data. It has been found that the GDP per capita and incidence (r = .656, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .521, p < .001) have a strong and moderate correlations respectively. GDP’s relationship with incidence (r = .295, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .346, p < .001) resulted in both weak correlations. Stratified analysis resulted in no significant relationships, except for GDP per capita’s relationship with incidence (r = .362, p = .011) and mortality rates (r = .348, p = .014) in low-middle countries, which yielded both weak correlations. These results show that there is indeed a relationship between the incidence and mortality rates and the economic status of a country before a pandemic, however, more factors need to be accounted for in order to help countries improve their pandemic response in the future.

scholarly journals A  Correlational Study on the Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product  Per Capita of a Country and Its COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Emmanuel G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Some studies had shown that there is a relationship between the state of the economy of a country and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates. However, these studies are just done on countries that are often on developed countries. This study aims to find the relationship between GDP and GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates on all countries. In addition, they will also be analyzed based on their different income levels. The data collected are from databases from World Bank and WHO and will be analyzed through MS Excel and JASP. Spearman’s rho is used to analyze the overall data and stratified data. It has been found that the GDP per capita and incidence (r = .656, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .521, p < .001) have a strong and moderate correlations respectively. GDP’s relationship with incidence (r = .295, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .346, p < .001) resulted in both weak correlations. Stratified analysis resulted in no significant relationships, except for GDP per capita’s relationship with incidence (r = .362, p = .011) and mortality rates (r = .348, p = .014) in low-middle countries, which yielded both weak correlations. These results show that there is indeed a relationship between the incidence and mortality rates and the economic status of a country before a pandemic, however, more factors need to be accounted for in order to help countries improve their pandemic response in the future.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate in Asean: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Kartika Sari ◽  
Dwi Prasetyani
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

The infant mortality rate indicates the health status of a country. Previous studies have proven that socioeconomic factors have a significant influence on infant mortality rates in both developed and developing countries. Further studies on infant mortality rates are useful for public service strategic policy in the health sector. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the socioeconomic factors influencing infant mortality rates in ASEAN based on panel data estimates for 2000-2017. The dependent variable for this study was infant mortality rate, while the independent variables were health expenditure, female labor force, maternal fertility rate, and GDP per capita. The authors concluded that the main cause of infant mortality in ASEAN is care during delivery. Other influencing factors include family health status, maternal education level, and socio-economic inequality. This study found that the size of the female workforce has a strong influence on increasing the infant mortality rate in ASEAN. The fertility rate also had a strong influence on increasing infant mortality rate in ASEAN, while GDP per capita had a negative influence on infant mortality rate.  Health expenditure is proven to have no effect on the increase of infant mortality rates in ASEAN.

scholarly journals A Correlational Study on the Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product  Per Capita of a Country and Its COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Emmanuel G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Some studies had shown that there is a relationship between the state of the economy of a country and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates. However, these studies are mostly done on countries that are already developed. This study aims to find the relationship between GDP and GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates in all countries. In addition, they will also be analyzed based on their different income levels. The data collected are from databases from World Bank and WHO and are analyzed through MS Excel and JASP. Spearman’s rho is used to analyze the overall data and stratified data. It has been found that the GDP per capita and incidence (r = .656, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .521, p < .001) have a strong and moderate correlation, respectively. GDP’s relationship with incidence (r = .295, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .346, p < .001) resulted in both weak correlations. Stratified analysis resulted in no significant relationships, except for GDP per capita’s relationship with incidence (r = .362, p = .011) and mortality rates (r = .348, p = .014) in low-middle countries, which yielded both weak correlations. These results show that there is indeed a relationship between the incidence and mortality rates and the economic status of a country before a pandemic, however, more factors need to be accounted for in order to help countries improve their pandemic response in the future.

Analyzing the parameters of building the Russian capitalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2316
Author(s):  
Valerii V. SMIRNOV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Subject. The article addresses the Russian capitalism. Objectives. The purpose is to identify parameters of building the Russian capitalism. Methods. The study draws on the systems approach, using the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analysis. Results. The study revealed the parameters of building the Russian capitalism, like the structural balance of public administration, volatility in the growth rate of exports and imports of goods and services, a decrease in the growth rate of exports and imports of goods and services, net government lending and borrowing, GDP per capita, general government expenditure. The optimal cluster for building the Russian capitalism is the relationship between Russia and the United States in the context of GDP per capita in national currencies. The study expands the scope of knowledge and develops the competencies of the government of the Russian Federation to ensure the economic growth. Conclusions. The unveiled parameters of building the Russian capitalism, as well as understanding the reasons for the emergence of the Russian State capitalism as a form of merging of the American market economy and Chinese planned economy enable the government of the Russian Federation to effectively orient its actions towards economic growth.

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