scholarly journals The effect of pH on copper toxicity to hydroponically grown maize.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Lexmond ◽  
P.D.J. van der Vorm
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

The effect of pH on Cu toxicity in maize cv. Capella was studied in 3 sol. culture experiments of different design. Raising the pH intensified the toxic effect of Cu which reduced root growth and enhanced association of Cu2+ ions with physiologically essential sites in the roots when competition from protons was lowered. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The effect of soil pH on copper toxicity to forage maize grown under field conditions.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Lexmond
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Ion Activity

Cu toxicity to forage maize was studied in a factorial field experiment comprising 4 Cu rates (0, 100, 200 or 300 kg Cu/ha) and 4 pH levels. Results are presented for crop yield and mineral composition. Raising the soil pH reduced the toxic effect of Cu to a smaller extent than would be predicted from the reduction in the Cu2+ ion activity. Apparently an increase in pH increased the toxicity of Cu2+ ions in sol. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Foliar vs. Root Sensitivity of Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) to Isoxaben

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
James E. Altland
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Inhibit Root Growth ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

It has been previously reported that POST-applied isoxaben can effectively control established hairy bittercress. Experiments were conducted to determine the relative importance of root vs. foliar entry of POST-applied isoxaben. At a common isoxaben rate of 0.56 kg/ha, foliar-only and foliar plus soil applications provided 10.5 and 23.3% control, respectively, as determined by fresh weight reduction. In contrast, soil-only application provided 47.0% control. Hairy bittercress foliar absorption of14C–isoxaben did not exceed 15% of the amount applied after 72 h. Therefore, the comparatively less effectiveness of foliar-only applications may be attributed primarily to limited absorption. Minimal isoxaben concentration required to inhibit root growth of hydroponically grown hairy bittercress was 0.0025 mg/L. Higher concentrations were required to produce a response in the foliage. Sorption of isoxaben by pine bark rooting substrate, typical of what is used in container nursery production, exceeded 99% of amount applied after 36 h. Even with 99% sorption, the probable concentration within the aqueous phase remains sufficient to inhibit hairy bittercress root growth. Additional studies with14C–isoxaben established that approximately 35% of the root-absorbed isoxaben was translocated into the foliage. Translocation from the roots into the foliage was reduced to 16% when the experiment was repeated during environmental conditions less favorable for vegetative growth (i.e., longer day length and higher temperature). Results indicate that the control of hairy bittercress with POST-applied isoxaben is likely the result of root absorption and root-growth inhibition. Expression of phytotoxicity within the foliage is also a component, but is dependent upon the root-absorbed isoxaben being translocated into the foliage. Extent of this translocation is dependent upon plant maturity and prevalent environmental conditions.

The water temperature changes the effect of pH on copper toxicity to the green microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 133110
Author(s):  
Gissela Pascual ◽  
Daisuke Sano ◽  
Takashi Sakamaki ◽  
Michihiro Akiba ◽  
Osamu Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata

Effect of Naptalam on Chloramben Toxicity, Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Larry D. Knerr ◽  
Herbert J. Hopen ◽  
Nelson E. Balke
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Laboratory studies demonstrated that naptalam safens cucumber against the phytotoxic effects of chloramben. In petri dish studies, cucumber seedlings grown from seeds exposed to chloramben plus naptalam had greater shoot growth, root growth, and dry weight than seedlings grown from seeds exposed to chloramben alone. Naptalam also partially reversed the reduction in dry weight of various plant parts caused by exposure of roots of hydroponically grown seedlings to chloramben. More radioactivity from root-applied14C-chloramben remained in cucumber roots and less was translocated to shoots with a14C-chloramben plus naptalam treatment than with a14C-chloramben alone treatment. Naptalam appeared to influence chloramben metabolism. In various plant parts, concentrations of chloramben and its metabolites differed between the two treatments.

scholarly journals Silicon and Iron Differently Alleviate Copper Toxicity in Cucumber Leaves

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Bosnić ◽  
Predrag Bosnić ◽  
Dragana Nikolić ◽  
Miroslav Nikolić ◽  
Jelena Samardžić
Keyword(s):  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Cu Accumulation ◽  
Cu Tolerance ◽  
Si Supply ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Copper (Cu) toxicity in plants may lead to iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) deficiencies. Here, we investigated the effect of Si and Fe supply on the concentrations of micronutrients and metal-chelating amino acids nicotianamine (NA) and histidine (His) in leaves of cucumber plants exposed to Cu in excess. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was treated with 10 µM Cu, and additional 100 µM Fe or/and 1.5 mM Si for five days. High Cu and decreased Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations were found in Cu treatment. Additional Fe supply had a more pronounced effect in decreasing Cu accumulation and improving the molar ratio between micronutrients as compared to the Si supply. However, the simultaneous supply of Fe and Si was the most effective treatment in alleviation of Cu-induced deficiency of Fe, Zn and Mn. Additional Fe supply increased the His but not NA concentration, while Si supply significantly increased both NA and His whereby the NA:Cu and His:Cu molar ratios exceeded the control values indicating that Si recruits Cu-chelation to achieve Cu tolerance. In conclusion, Si-mediated alleviation of Cu toxicity was directed toward Cu tolerance while Fe-alleviative effect was due to a dramatic decrease in Cu accumulation.

scholarly journals The role of antioxidative enzymes in copper tolerance strategy of Mimosaceace prosopis farcta growing in a copper mine

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar ◽  
Mehdi Hosseini Farahi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Copper Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Tolerance Strategy ◽  
Soil Zone

In this study, we determined the accumulation levels of copper in tissues and the status of antioxidant enzyme activities in Mimosa­ceace prosopis fracta against Cu-toxicity in a copper mine. We measured the level of chlorophyll and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase by spectrometry, malondialdehyde and dityrosine by HPLC and the levels of Cu in tissues and soils by atomic absorption spectrometry. Total and available copper were at toxic levels for plants growing in contaminated soil (zone 1). However, there were no visual or conspicuous symptoms of Cu-toxicity in plant species. Excess copper was transferred into C. ambrosioides tissues. The Mimosaceace prosopis fracta accumulated Cu in roots and then in leaves, in which the leaves’ chloroplasts stored Cu to approximately two times that of vacuoles. In zone 1, the chlorophyll levels increased significantly in leaves of Mimosaceace prosopis fracta with respect to the same plant growing in uncontaminated soil (zone 2). The studied plants in zone 1 revealed a significant increase in tissue antioxidant enzyme activities in comparison with the same plants in zone 2. The levels of oxidative damage biomarkers of lipids, such as MDA and proteins such as dityrosine, were higher in tissues of Mimo­saceace prosopis fracta that were grown in zone 1 as compared to the same plant species in zone 2, though this difference was not significant. The levels of these biomarkers were higher in roots, stems and leaves, respectively, in both zones. There were significant differences between roots and leaves for these parameters. We concluded that elevation of antioxidative enzyme activities was a tolerance strategy in the studied plants that protected them against copper toxicity.

scholarly journals Copper Toxicity Is Not Just Oxidative Damage: Zinc Systems and Insight from Wilson Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
R. G. Barber ◽  
Zoey A. Grenier ◽  
Jason L. Burkhead
Keyword(s):  
Wilson Disease ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Cu Homeostasis ◽  
Central Organ ◽  
Idiopathic Copper Toxicosis ◽  
Dependent Processes

Essential metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are important cofactors in diverse cellular processes, while metal imbalance may impact or be altered by disease state. Cu is essential for aerobic life with significant functions in oxidation-reduction catalysis. This redox reactivity requires precise intracellular handling and molecular-to-organismal levels of homeostatic control. As the central organ of Cu homeostasis in vertebrates, the liver has long been associated with Cu storage disorders including Wilson Disease (WD) (heritable human Cu toxicosis), Idiopathic Copper Toxicosis and Endemic Tyrolean Infantile Cirrhosis. Cu imbalance is also associated with chronic liver diseases that arise from hepatitis viral infection or other liver injury. The labile redox characteristic of Cu is often discussed as a primary mechanism of Cu toxicity. However, work emerging largely from the study of WD models suggests that Cu toxicity may have specific biochemical consequences that are not directly attributable to redox activity. This work reviews Cu toxicity with a focus on the liver and proposes that Cu accumulation specifically impacts Zn-dependent processes. The prospect that Cu toxicity has specific biochemical impacts that are not entirely attributable to redox may promote further inquiry into Cu toxicity in WD and other Cu-associated disorders.

Silicon nutrition promotes root growth and tissue mechanical strength insymbiotic cowpea

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix D. Dakora ◽  
Aziwe Nelwamondo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Hormonal Signal ◽  
Silicon Nutrition ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Application of metasilicic acid (0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.20, 0.40 or 0.80 g L–1) to hydroponically-grown, Bradyrhizobium-infected cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plants showed an increased assimilation of silicon into roots and shoots, which triggered a significant (P<0.05) promotion of root growth, but not shoot growth. Root : shoot ratio therefore, increased markedly (P<0.05) with higher metasilicate application. Mechanical strength of stems and peduncles also increased significantly (P<0.05) with silicon nutrition compared with control plants receiving no metasilicate. But the mechanical strength of roots was not affected. Radioimmunoassay of lateral roots, free of nodules, from plants fed metasilicate revealed markedly (P<0.05) increased concentrations of endogenous ABA, a hormonal signal that stimulates root growth. In contrast, a decreasing concentration of the cytokinin zeatin ribose was obtained with increasing metasilicate supply. These data show that silicon nutrition in symbiotic cowpea promotes an increase in mechanical strength of stems, which bear the entire weight of shoots, and peduncles, which, in turn, support weighty reproductive structures including developing pods and seeds. The increased concentration of ABA in roots as a result of improved silicon nutrition suggests that this element might be an elicitor of ABA biosynthesis and / or its accumulation, which then affected lateral root growth in this study.

scholarly journals Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing reveals the global molecular responses and ceRNA regulatory network of mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs in response to copper toxicity in Ziyang Xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. Ex Tanaka)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Zheng Fu ◽  
Xiao-Yong Zhang ◽  
Jie-Ya Qiu ◽  
Xue Zhou ◽  
Meng Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Citrus Junos ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Abstract Background Copper (Cu) toxicity has become a potential threat for citrus production, but little is known about related mechanisms. This study aims to uncover the global landscape of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to Cu toxicity so as to construct a regulatory network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and to provide valuable knowledge pertinent to Cu response in citrus. Results Tolerance of four commonly used rootstocks to Cu toxicity was evaluated, and ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ (Citrus junos) was found to be the most tolerant genotype. Then the roots and leaves sampled from ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ with or without Cu treatment were used for whole-transcriptome sequencing. In total, 5734 and 222 mRNAs, 164 and 5 lncRNAs, 45 and 17 circRNAs, and 147 and 130 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed (DE) in Cu-treated roots and leaves, respectively, in comparison with the control. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that most of the DEmRNAs and targets of DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs were annotated to the categories of ‘oxidation-reduction’, ‘phosphorylation’, ‘membrane’, and ‘ion binding’. The ceRNA network was then constructed with the predicted pairs of DEmRNAs-DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs-DEmiRNAs, which further revealed regulatory roles of these DERNAs in Cu toxicity. Conclusions A large number of mRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs in ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ were altered in response to Cu toxicity, which may play crucial roles in mitigation of Cu toxicity through the ceRNA regulatory network in this Cu-tolerant rootstock.

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