scholarly journals Implementation of Automatic Transfer Switch on the Solar Home System at the Goat Farm Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Anna Nur Nazilah Chamim ◽  
Agil Peggy Irawan ◽  
Ramadoni Syahputra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Cage Complex ◽  
Goat Farm ◽  
Solar Home System

In Pirak Mertosutan Hamlet, Sleman, Yogyakarta, there is a goat farm complex with about 600 m2. The intricate lighting comes from the National Electricity Company (PLN) and the Solar Home System (SHS). SHS is the primary energy source for lighting, while PLN is a secondary energy source that replaces it when the power supply from SHS goes out. So far, the transfer from SHS to PLN has been carried out by humans. This fact is considered inefficient because the SHS supply does not always die during the day. At night, the officers who move the difficulties have to go to the cage complex located relatively far from residential areas. To facilitate the transfer of energy sources from SHS to PLN and vice versa. It does not need to be done by officers. It is necessary to automatically install a means to automatically move the two sources automatically. This tool is the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). This tool can move the energy supply from SHS to PLN and vice versa. By considering the specifications used in the SHS in the farm complex, the ATS is made and then installed in the farm complex. After the installation is carried out, the functional test is carried out. The ATS installation test results show that the ATS can work according to the design; namely, when the SHS is off, the source used is automatically switched to PLN. When the SHS is on, the source that was using PLN will automatically switch to SHS.

Hibridno napajanje telekomunikacione i merne opreme daljinskih mernih stanica u sistemima zaštite od poplava

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Željko Despotović ◽  
◽  
Marko Tajdić ◽  
Jovan Kon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Measuring Station ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Telecommunication Equipment ◽  
Battery Bank ◽  
Flood Protection System

The paper will present the implementation of a hybrid power supply for telecommunication and corresponding measuring equipment of remote measuring stations, which are an integral part of the flood protection system. Solar power is the primary energy source during the day, while in night conditions it is actually used as a distribution network (which also supplies street lighting). The power system is implemented with two controlled MPPT chargers (mains and solar), 12V / 110Ah battery bank and associated monitoring system. The paper will present key experimental results obtained during the release of a concrete realized measuring station and associated telecommunication equipment, on the Ub River, Ub Municipality.

scholarly journals Utilizing Sewage Wastewater Heat in District Heating Systems in Serbia - Effects on Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Živković ◽  
Dejan Ivezic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Transformation of the heating sector is recognized as being essential for ensuring reliable and affordable energy services provided with reduced consumption of energy sources, diminished impact on the environment and less import dependency. The possibility of utilizing energy sources that otherwise would be wasted needs to be considered and treated as a big advantage of district heating systems. Despite many advantages, sewage wastewater heat is still a mostly unused resource at the global level and a totally unused energy source in Serbia, while data about the potential of this energy source are lacking. This research proposes a methodology for the determination of the technical potential of waste heat from wastewater treatment facilities for use in district heating systems by heat pump application. Data from existing wastewater treatment facilities are used for providing data for replication in cities without wastewater treatment plants but with district heating systems. An estimation of the recoverable heat energy potential of wastewater is used for evaluation of some effects that could be obtained through its full utilization for heat production in the existing district heating systems. Three groups of indicators are selected for analysis focusing on district heating systems' energy performance (primary energy factor, specific heat consumption per degree day and heating area), the security of energy supply (import dependency, Shannon Wiener diversification index, the share of renewables) and environmental impact (carbon dioxide emission coefficient). Values of the selected indicators are determined for the current state of district heating systems and for the possible future state that could be achieved after full utilization of sewage wastewater potential. The proposed methodology is applied to Serbia, as a case study. It has been shown that all analyzed indicators for the projected future would have more preferable values compared to the values that correspond to the current state of the district heating systems. The use of this renewable energy source should provide primary energy savings of 5% per year, reduction of carbon dioxide emission of 6.5% per year, reduction of import dependency of DH systems of 9.8% and improved diversification of energy sources of 21%.

scholarly journals The Economics of Renewable Energy Sources into Electricity Generation in Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baraka Kichonge ◽  
Iddi S. N. Mkilaha ◽  
Geoffrey R. John ◽  
Sameer Hameer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

The study analyzes the economics of renewable energy sources into electricity generation in Tanzania. Business as usual (BAU) scenario and renewable energy (RE) scenario which enforce a mandatory penetration of renewable energy sources shares into electricity generations were analyzed. The results show total investment cost for the BAU scenario is much lower as compared to RE scenario while operating and maintenance variable costs are higher in BAU scenario. Primary energy supply in BAU scenario is higher tied with less investment costs as compared to RE scenario. Furthermore, the share of renewable energy sources in BAU scenario is insignificant as compared to RE scenario due to mandatory penetration policy imposed. Analysis concludes that there are much higher investments costs in RE scenario accompanied with less operating and variable costs and lower primary energy supply. Sensitivity analysis carried out suggests that regardless of changes in investments cost of coal and CCGT power plants, the penetration of renewable energy technologies was still insignificant. Notwithstanding the weaknesses of renewable energy technologies in terms of the associated higher investments costs, an interesting result is that it is possible to meet future electricity demand based on domestic resources including renewables.

scholarly journals СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ РИНКУ ЕНЕРГОРЕСУРСІВ В УКРАЇНІ

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Вадим А. Ткачук ◽  
Іван В. Солоненчук
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Highly Efficient

The primary focus of this paper is on favorable geographical and geopolitical position of Ukraine which provides good opportunities to unlock a vast nation’s potential for further sustainable socioeconomic development and efficient energy supply to all sectors of the national economy and the society. It is emphasized that Ukraine is one of the world's largest transporters of fuel and energy resources (FER) to Europe. This is confirmed by the availability of large coal and uranium reserves, a well-developed infrastructure for the transportation of oil, gas, electrical and thermal energy sources as well as installed capacity of power plants which is sought to ensure and meet all future needs of the country's economy for primary energy. Given the insufficiency of Ukraine's own oil and gas reserves, the research hypothesis is the need to harness the potential of diversification of primary energy supply, to promote energy efficiency methods and tools as well as to apply the latest technologies in renewable energy generation and use. The purpose of this study is to identify the modern global trends in energy market development and their implementation in Ukraine. To attain the goals set, the following research methods were used: a historical and logical method – to explore the patterns of Ukrainian energy market development; statistical analysis – to determine the macroeconomic factors affecting the world and Ukrainian energy markets. The results of the study have revealed the following 9 global trends in the development of the energy market: a rapid increase in demand for electricity; expanding the utilization of traditional types of natural gas along with increasing the volumes of unconventional gas production; commercialization of clean coal technologies; nuclear power industry revival; renewable energy sector development; enhancing management structure and monitoring of energy networks, implementation of intelligent technologies; boosting energy efficiency; further development of highly efficient energy conservation systems; building highly efficient energy storage systems. Their implementation specifics in the Ukrainian national settings is investigated. A conclusion is made that of all the above global trends in energy development and use, among the key priorities for Ukraine are the following: the rational use of energy; increasing energy efficiency and social responsibility in this area; reducing CO2emissions; implementation of digital technologies into the process of strategically important types of energy production; expanding the use of renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals International Comparison and Trend of Emissions in the Transport Sector in the European Union and Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Tomáš Čechovič ◽  
Martin Kendra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Transport and its major part of transport means is currently based on the internal combustion engine principle. For these engines, the primary energy source is oil, natural gas, coal, biomass and others. These primary energy sources and their processing in refineries and factories are used to produce products that are used to drive engines - fuels. From what energy sources these fuels will be produced and what technology will be used to process and produce them is also an important. This whole process must take the reduction of total emissions into account. Future fuels can be considered synthetically produced diesel or hydrogen, which can later significantly affect the decrease in emissions from their processing, production and subsequent combustion of these more environmentally friendly types of fuels. This article processes analyses and development of basic pollutants, total emissions and energy consumption in the Slovak Republic and the EU. In the second part there is an evaluation of the emissions trend development in transport in the EU and Slovakia.

scholarly journals Modeling of reliability of power supply systems with autonomous energy source

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
M.S. Ershov ◽  
R.B. Jalilov ◽  
S.P. Shayimova ◽  
A.I. Choriyev ◽  
M.R. Charieva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Random Processes ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Markov Random ◽  
Supply Systems

The methodology for calculating the reliability of power supply systems with autonomous and mixed energy sources has been considered. Autonomous sources are widely used in industrial power supply systems as primary, backup or emergency sources. The functioning and interchangeability of these systems has features that affect the reliability of power supply. The proposed methodology is based on the method of semi-Markov random processes and can be used for comparative analysis of the reliability of options for power supply systems. The methodology has been brought to software implementation and is accompanied by an example of calculating the reliability of the power supply system for stationary marine oil production platforms.

scholarly journals Analysis and Sizing of Power Distribution Architectures Applied to Fuel Cell Based Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Raga ◽  
Andres Barrado ◽  
Henry Miniguano ◽  
Antonio Lazaro ◽  
Isabel Quesada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Secondary Energy ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Mass Volume

The fuel cell based vehicles powertrain is an extensive system that comprises a fuel cell (FC) as the primary energy source, a set of power converters both unidirectional and bidirectional and batteries or supercapacitors as secondary energy sources. Its design is a complex task that affects the mass, volume, cost, efficiency and fuel economy of the vehicle. This paper describes a graphic and straightforward sizing of the secondary energy sources needed to fulfil the vehicle load requirements, as well as the set of equations related to the mass, cost and volume of each one of the power distribution subsystems. Moreover, this paper analysis ten different power distribution architectures to conclude which is the most suitable secondary energy source, the minimum sizing, cost, volume and weight, depending on the amount of power delivered by the fuel cell. Also, a 1.6 kW fuel cell based architecture is implemented and testing. The experimental results confirm the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals The Role of Renewable Energy Supply and Carbon Tax in the Improvement of Energy Security: A Case Study of Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4II) ◽  
pp. 347-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

As energy is a vital element for sustained economic growth and development, therefore energy consumption is used as a basic indicator of people’s living standards. Due to technological and industrial development, the demand of energy in Pakistan is increasing more than the total primary energy supply; therefore, it is confronting the severe energy deficit today. So there should be a serious concern for the government about the energy security and should take actions for the development of indigenous alternative and renewable energy resources. Renewable portfolio supply (RPS), and carbon tax are the two indirect policy options used for the improvement of energy security. Renewable Energy Promotion is used to reduce greenhouse gas emission, promote local energy sources and improve energy security through reducing energy dependency and diversification of energy sources. Carbon tax is an indirect policy option for energy security enhancement through emission reduction. Imposing tax on carbon emission will alter the primary energy supply mix, more efficient fuel and technologies will be substituted for less efficient fuel and technologies. This will reduce the primary energy demand and lead to improved energy security.

scholarly journals СТАН ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ ЕНЕРГОЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

2022 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Ірина А. Ажаман ◽  
Олексій Ю. Гордєєв
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Generating Equipment ◽  
Power Generating Equipment

The article discusses contemporary issues of ensuring energy security in Ukraine. A brief overview on the modern energy system which comprises power plants of different types, electrical and thermal networks operating in the manufacturing sector, in transmission and distribution of electrical and thermal energy. The study considers the following types of power plants in the energy system of Ukraine: nuclear, thermal, hydroelectric and hydropower stations as well as power plants working with alternative (renewable) energy sources. It is argued that the ratio of energy sources and the energy system balance is the core basis to provide the national energy security and maintain stable power supply subject to different external environment factors. The findings have revealed the dominance of coal and natural gas production in the overall energy balance of Ukraine. However, the study of import and export trends demonstrates the prevalence of energy imports, in particular coal, oil and gas. It is observed that currently, alternative energy sources are at the infant development stage. The study of alternative energy supply in Ukraine shows that over 2018–2020 the capacity of such power plants increased by 7%, in particular, the capacity of wind stations grew by 2.3 times and solar – by 4.3 times, thus exhibiting respective change in energy output. It is also observed that during the period under consideration, the renewable energy output dropped by 17.1% while wind power production increased by 2.8 times and solar – by 5.2 times, respectively. According to the results, over 2018–2020 the capacity of wind power plants increased from 0.9% to 2.0% of the total domestic output, and solar – from 2.3% to 9.4%; as to production, the share of energy generated by wind power increased from 0.8% to 2.4%, and solar – from 0.7% to 4.1%. Given the current trend of increasing energy output generated from alternative sources, there is reason to tap a growing interest in the activities of companies offering power generating equipment in the Ukrainian market. A study on the capacity needs has revealed that the most popular among consumers of autonomous power supply systems, about 70% of total sales refer to low and medium power generators in the range of 8–550 kW. The conclusions resume that the key driver in boosting the alternative energy supply system is the relevant legal framework that encourages further alternative energy supply market development and, accordingly, the market of power generating equipment in Ukraine characterized by a strong upward growth trend.

scholarly journals One Cycle Controlled Single–Stage Transformerless Buck-Boost Inverter

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Input Side

The rate of utilization of renewable energy sources is increasing nowadays. Since renewable energy source depends on environmental conditions, its output will vary according to the variations of weather condition. In order to get a steady output at the load side, an inverter is required that shows the property of bucking and boosting the input voltage by eliminating the input disturbances. This paper proposes one cycle controlled buckboost inverter. It has the ability to buck and boost the input voltage by rejecting its disturbances. The detailed Matlab/Simulink model has been used to verify the performance of the system. Three test conditions are used to substantiate the performance of the proposed inverter such as the ability to buck and boost the input voltage, rejects the disturbances in the input side. Test results validate that the proposed inverter used for the applications where input varies.

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