Evaluation of cognition enhancing activity of pioglitazone in albino mice

Background: Worldwide, 47.5 million people have dementia, with just over half (58%) living in low- and middle-income countries. Every year, there are 7.7 million new cases. The estimated proportion of the general population aged 60 and over with dementia at a given time is between 5 to 8 per 100 people. The total number of people with dementia is projected to be 75.6 million in 2030 and almost triple by 2050 to 135.5 million.Methods: All animals were allowed to acclimatize with laboratory conditions at least two weeks before starting the experiment and they were maintained under the same condition throughout the experiment. They were given food and water ad libitum. The experiments were performed as per the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) guidelines. The animals were subjected to experimentation between 0900-1600 hours in noise free atmosphere with ambient temperature 23-300ºC.Results: The Pioglitazone treated groups showed statistically significant results in the SDL when compared to the control group (p<0.01 on both days) and the scopolamine group (p<0.01 on both days) on both acquisition day and retention day.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in SDL in standard and Pioglitazone treated groups on both acquisition day and retention day.

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P1-390: Lower Gait Speed is Independently Associated with Increased Mortality Risk Among People with Dementia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results from The 10/66 Dementia Research Group Population-Based Cohort Study

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1142 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. P582-P582 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronaldo D. Piovezan ◽

Daysi Acosta ◽

Mariella Guerra ◽

Y. Huang ◽

Juan J. Llibre Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Research Group ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Population Based ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Dementia Research ◽

Group Population

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Using pictorial action instructions to build a basic humanitarian engineering project

International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship ◽

10.24908/ijsle.v14i1.13129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 60-70

Author(s):

Kathleen Paco Cadman ◽

Du Feng

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Literacy ◽

Engineering Project ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Humanitarian Engineering ◽

Engineering Projects ◽

Low And Middle Income

Humanitarian engineering projects mitigate environmental hazards disproportionately affecting health in low- and middle-income countries. However, widespread literacy deficits can create barriers in training low-literacy adults to construct these projects, indicating a need for literacy-adapted training materials. A randomized control trial in rural Guatemala tested the usability of pictorial action instructions, compared to demonstration-only methods, in training low-literacy adults (N = 60; n = 30 per group) to construct a solar bottle bulb. Fourteen days after the training, participants individually constructed the solar bottle bulb. The intervention group received pictorial action instructions to guide them, and the control group completed construction based on memory. Usability was evaluated by measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of construction, as well as user satisfaction and self-efficacy levels. Effectiveness and self-efficacy were significantly better among those in the intervention group compared to the control group. Considering this, the findings support the use of pictorial action instructions in training low-literacy adults to construct humanitarian engineering projects. This method may allow more individuals in rural regions of low- and middle-income countries to successfully construct their own humanitarian engineering projects in a way that is sustainable and scalable. Further research is needed to test these instructions in different settings, on a larger scale, as well as to test the long-term effects of using pictorial action instructions.

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Effects of Occupation-Based Intervention for Older People with Mild Dementia in the Institution

Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal ◽

10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2727 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (16) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

Syamsul Anwar Sultan Ibrahim ◽

Akehsan Dahlan ◽

Ahmad Zamir Che Daud

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older People ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Social Relationship ◽

Publishing House ◽

Control Group ◽

Mild Dementia ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Significant Difference

Older people with dementia always experience the cognitive difficulties that are believed to impact their daily life significantly. However, information regarding occupation-based intervention toward older people with mild dementia in the institution is inconclusive. The results of this randomized controlled trial indicate a significant difference in cognitive functions, social relationship, and the quality of life. Participants in the experimental group improved significantly compared to the participants in the control group. Engagement in occupational activities should be encouraged to older people with mild dementia in institution to facilitate the cognitive functions, social relationship, and quality of life. Keywords: older people; mild dementia; occupation-based; quality of life eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2727

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The third millennium dementia epidemic

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2018.v37.1-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Richard Tjan

Keyword(s):

Older Persons ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Third ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Third Millennium ◽

The Future ◽

Low And Middle Income

The global dementia epidemic now and in the future is mainly caused by the steady increase in the population of older persons, where around 2 billion people will be 60 years of age and older by 2050.<sup>(1,2)</sup> As a consequence, in that year there will be 135 million people with dementia, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where 60% of the more than 47 million cases (2015 estimate) are living now.<sup>(2)</sup>

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Circular frames without x-ray – lessons learned regarding radiation exposure during tibial deformity correction from Low & Middle Income Countries?

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/00494755211043309 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 004947552110433

Author(s):

James Shelton ◽

Sara Dorman ◽

Yinna Kim ◽

Phillipa Thorpe ◽

Badri Narayan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Exposure ◽

Deformity Correction ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Phnom Penh ◽

Middle Income ◽

X Ray ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low Middle Income Countries ◽

Significant Difference

Circular frames are a successful way of treating difficult fractures and non-unions. At our institution (CSC) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, our method differs from developed healthcare systems in that we do not use x-ray to site the frames. A retrospective cohort study was performed between CSC and a UK LRS unit. Demographics, diagnosis, frame type, pre- and post-op deformity, proximal and distal construct alignment comparative to the tibia, and time to union or failure. 70 patients in total were identified and were randomly selected from a hospital in UK. Demographics & deformity were similar and failed to reach significant difference on testing: union rate 70% v. 82%, time to union 9.8 v. 8.5 months, and radiation exposure mean 0 v. 74 cGy/cm2 (range 6.4–326.7). These are startlingly homogenous results considering the differing resources available. We believe that ring fixators are a viable treatment method in austere environments where image intensifiers are unavailable, and demand no unnecessary radiation exposure.

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262 Heat stress alleviation and dynamic temperature measurement for growing beef cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 192-193

Author(s):

Sheyenne M Augenstein ◽

Meredith A Harrison ◽

Sarah C Klopatek ◽

James W Oltjen

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Temperature Threshold ◽

Sprinkler Systems ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Abstract Heat stress continues to be a challenge for feedlot producers, forcing physiological adaptations in beef cattle that can have a negative impact on gain and carcass quality. Feedlots may want to incorporate systems that aid in mitigating heat stress, including sprinkler systems, which are commonly found on dairies. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of sprinkler systems on the body temperature of growing feedlot steers applied at three different temperature thresholds. Thirty-two Angus-cross beef steers (298 ± 15 SD days of age) were randomly assigned to 8 pens. Treatments were assigned to pens according to location to avoid drainage issues, with one replicate located on the eastern side of the feedlot and the other replicate located on the western side. Treatments including no sprinklers (C), high temperature threshold sprinklers (HT), moderate temperature threshold sprinklers (MT) or low temperature threshold sprinklers (LT). Sprinklers (flow rate: 5.11 L/min) were activated at 33°C (HT), 28°C (MT), and 23°C (LT) for five minutes at corresponding temperatures every thirty minutes for 57 days. Rectal temperature of steers in their pens was measured in the morning (0800 h), afternoon (1500 h), and evening (1900 h) three days each week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for a total of 19 experimental days. Weather measurements, including ambient temperature, windspeed, humidity and solar radiation were recorded at each measurement time along with the maximum values for each day. The change in body temperature (ΔBT) between the morning and afternoon was affected by ambient temperature (P < 0.01); MT (P = 0.02) and LT (P = 0.02) – different than C. There was no significant difference between sprinkler treatments and the control group (P > 0.05). Day affected (ΔBT) between the morning and afternoon (P < 0.05) and the afternoon and evening (P < 0.05). When averaged by day, the control group was significantly higher than MT (P = 0.04) between the morning and afternoon. The control group was also significantly higher than LT between the morning and afternoon (P = 0.03) and the afternoon and evening (P < 0.01). The change in steer body temperature between afternoon and morning was affected by ambient temperature, and averaged across days, lowering the temperature threshold for sprinkling decreased in the afternoon and evening body temperature increase in steers.

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Effectiveness of the Oral Human Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis—2006–2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy292 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Corinne Willame ◽

Marije Vonk Noordegraaf-Schouten ◽

Emilia Gvozdenović ◽

Katrin Kochems ◽

Anouk Oordt-Speets ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Real Life ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Control Group ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Middle Income ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Considerable Morbidity

Abstract Background Gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus accounts for considerable morbidity in young children. We aimed to assess the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the oral rotavirus vaccine Rotarix, as measured by laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection after referral to hospital and/or emergency departments in children aged <5 years with gastroenteritis. Methods We performed a systematic search for peer-reviewed studies conducted in real-life settings published between 2006 and 2016 and a meta-analysis to calculate the overall Rotarix VE, which was further discriminated through stratified analyses. Results The overall VE estimate was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62% to 75%); stratified analyses revealed a non-negligible impact of factors such as study design and socioeconomic status. Depending on the control group, VE ranged from 63% (95% CI, 52% to 72%) to 81% (95% CI, 69% to 88%) for unmatched and matched rotavirus test–negative controls. VE varied with socioeconomic status: 81% (95% CI, 74% to 86%) in high-income countries, 54% (95% CI, 39% to 65%) in upper-middle-income countries, and 63% (95% CI, 50% to 72%) in lower-middle-income countries. Age, rotavirus strain, and disease severity were also shown to impact VE, but to a lesser extent. Conclusions This meta-analysis of real-world studies showed that Rotarix is effective in helping to prevent hospitalizations and/or emergency department visits due to rotavirus infection.

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Iron Absorption from Iron-Biofortified Sweetpotato Is Higher Than Regular Sweetpotato in Malawian Women while Iron Absorption from Regular and Iron-Biofortified Potatoes Is High in Peruvian Women

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 (12) ◽

pp. 3094-3102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roelinda Jongstra ◽

Martin N Mwangi ◽

Gabriela Burgos ◽

Christophe Zeder ◽

Jan W Low ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Meal ◽

Iron Absorption ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Total Iron ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Iron Requirement ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background Sweetpotato and potato are fast-maturing staple crops and widely consumed in low- and middle-income countries. Conventional breeding to biofortify these crops with iron could improve iron intakes. To our knowledge, iron absorption from sweetpotato and potato has not been assessed. Objective The aim was to assess iron absorption from regular and iron-biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato in Malawi and yellow-fleshed potato and iron-biofortified purple-fleshed potato in Peru. Methods We conducted 2 randomized, multiple-meal studies in generally healthy, iron-depleted women of reproductive age. Malawian women (n = 24) received 400 g regular or biofortified sweetpotato test meals and Peruvian women (n = 35) received 500 g regular or biofortified potato test meals. Women consumed the meals at breakfast for 2 wk and were then crossed over to the other variety. We labeled the test meals with 57Fe or 58Fe and measured cumulative erythrocyte incorporation of the labels 14 d after completion of each test-meal sequence to calculate iron absorption. Iron absorption was compared by paired-sample t tests. Results The regular and biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato test meals contained 0.55 and 0.97 mg Fe/100 g. Geometric mean (95% CI) fractional iron absorption (FIA) was 5.82% (3.79%, 8.95%) and 6.02% (4.51%, 8.05%), respectively (P = 0.81), resulting in 1.9-fold higher total iron absorption (TIA) from biofortified sweetpotato (P < 0.001). The regular and biofortified potato test meals contained 0.33 and 0.69 mg Fe/100 g. FIA was 28.4% (23.5%, 34.2%) from the regular yellow-fleshed and 13.3% (10.6%, 16.6%) from the biofortified purple-fleshed potato meals, respectively (P < 0.001), resulting in no significant difference in TIA (P = 0.88). Conclusions FIA from regular yellow-fleshed potato was remarkably high, at 28%. Iron absorbed from both potato test meals covered 33% of the daily absorbed iron requirement for women of reproductive age, while the biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato test meal covered 18% of this requirement. High polyphenol concentrations were likely the major inhibitors of iron absorption. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03840031 (Malawi) and NCT04216030 (Peru).

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