scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Allium cepa and Cinnamomum zeylanicum against common bacteria causing urinary tract infections: in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Mayank Ravindra Dhore ◽  
Asha R. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: This study was undertaken to investigate and compare the antimicrobial effect of Onion bulbs (Allium cepa) and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) against some common bacteria causing Urinary tract infection.Methods: Antimicrobial activity of the plant extract in different concentrations was observed. Commonly isolated bacteria from the urine samples of suspected and untreated patients which were found to be E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results: The comparison between zones of inhibition showed a statistically significant data of both Allium cpea and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The antimicrobial activity of cinnamon extract showed the maximum effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae, zone of inhibition 25.50 mm±3.72 with 2±l of extract and E. coli with zone of inhibition 11.72mm±1.86. The onion (Allium cepa) extract exhibited some antimicrobial effect, it was most effective against E. coli, though the effect was minimal.Conclusions: From the current study we conclude that the extract of onion and cinnamon bark are promising but were not as effective as the conventional antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin but can be a good alternative in selected group of patient.

scholarly journals 1675. Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections in the United States, 2009 - 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S823-S823
Author(s):  
Kendra Foster ◽  
Linnea A Polgreen ◽  
Brett Faine ◽  
Philip M Polgreen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections. There is a lack of large epidemiologic studies evaluating the etiologies of UTIs in the United States. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different UTI-causing organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among patients being treated in a hospital setting. Methods We used the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients with a primary diagnosis code of cystitis, pyelonephritis, or urinary tract infection and had a urine culture from 2009- 2018 were included in the study. Both inpatients and patients who were only treated in the emergency department (ED) were included. We calculated descriptive statistics for uropathogens and their susceptibilities. Multi-drug-resistant pathogens are defined as pathogens resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Resistance patterns are also described for specific drug classes, like resistance to fluoroquinolones. We also evaluated antibiotic use in this patient population and how antibiotic use varied during the hospitalization. Results There were 640,285 individuals who met the inclusion criteria. Females make up 82% of the study population and 45% were age 65 or older. The most common uropathogen was Escherichia Coli (64.9%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.3%), and Proteus mirabilis (5.7%). 22.2% of patients were infected with a multi-drug-resistant pathogen. We found that E. Coli was multi-drug resistant 23.8% of the time; Klebsiella pneumoniae was multi-drug resistant 7.4%; and Proteus mirabilis was multi-drug resistant 2.8%. The most common antibiotics prescribed were ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Among patients that were prescribed ceftriaxone, 31.7% of them switched to a different antibiotic during their hospitalization. Patients that were prescribed levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin switched to a different antibiotic 42.8% and 41.5% of the time, respectively. Conclusion E. Coli showed significant multidrug resistance in this population of UTI patients that were hospitalized or treated within the ED, and antibiotic switching is common. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Combinations of Vanillin and Essential Oils of Cinnamon Bark, Cinnamon Leaves and Cloves

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Rita Cava-Roda ◽  
Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio López-Gómez ◽  
Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Fulgencio Marín-Iniesta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Main Component

Plant bioactive compounds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities that allow them to be used as a substitute for synthetic chemical additives in both food and food packaging. To improve its sensory and bactericidal effects, its use in the form of effective combinations has emerged as an interesting possibility in the food industry. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaves, and clove and the pure compounds vanillin, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde were investigated individually and in combination against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The possible interactions of combinations of pure compounds and EOs were performed by the two-dimensional checkerboard assay and isobologram methods. Vanillin exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity (MIC of 3002 ppm against L. monocytogenes and 2795 ppm against E. coli O157:H7), while clove and cinnamon bark EOs exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity (402–404 against L. monocytogenes and 778–721 against E. coli O157:H7). For L. monocytogenes, pure compound eugenol, the main component of cinnamon leaves and clove, showed lower antimicrobial activity than EOs, which was attributed to the influence of the minor components of the EOs. The same was observed with cinnamaldehyde, the main component of cinnamon bark EO. The combinations of vanillin/clove EO and vanillin/cinnamon bark EO showed the most synergistic antimicrobial effect. The combination of the EOs of cinnamon bark/clove and cinnamon bark/cinnamon leaves showed additive effect against L. monocytogenes but indifferent effect against E. coli O157:H7. For L. monocytogenes, the best inhibitory effects were achieved by cinnamon bark EO (85 ppm)/vanillin (910 ppm) and clove EO (121 ppm)/vanillin (691 ppm) combinations. For E. coli, the inhibitory effects of clove EO (104 ppm)/vanillin (1006 ppm) and cinnamon leaves EO (118 ppm)/vanillin (979 ppm) combinations were noteworthy. Some of the tested combinations increased the antimicrobial effect and would allow the effective doses to be reduced, thereby offering possible new applications for food and active food packaging.

scholarly journals In Vitro Coliform Resistance to Bioactive Compounds in Urinary Infection, Assessed in a Lab Catheterization Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4315
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu ◽  
Laura Dorina Dinu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Luntraru ◽  
Alexandru Suciu
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Tract Infections

Bioactive compounds and phenolic compounds are viable alternatives to antibiotics in recurrent urinary tract infections. This study aimed to use a natural functional product, based on the bioactive compounds’ composition, to inhibit the uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. E. coli ATCC 25922 was used to characterize the IVCM (new in vitro catheterization model). As support for reducing bacterial proliferation, the cytotoxicity against a strain of Candida albicans was also determined (over 75% at 1 mg/mL). The results were correlated with the analysis of the distribution of biologically active compounds (trans-ferulic acid-268.44 ± 0.001 mg/100 g extract and an equal quantity of Trans-p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid). A pronounced inhibitory effect against the uropathogenic strain E. coli 317 (4 log copy no./mL after 72 h) was determined. The results showed a targeted response to the product for tested bacterial strains. The importance of research resulted from the easy and fast characterization of the functional product with antimicrobial effect against uropathogenic strains of E. coli. This study demonstrated that the proposed in vitro model was a valuable tool for assessing urinary tract infections with E. coli.

scholarly journals Metabolic acidosis stimulates the production of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in rabbit urine

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. F1061-F1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Peng ◽  
Jeffrey M. Purkerson ◽  
Andy L. Schwaderer ◽  
George J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Innate Immune Defense ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Tract Infections

Intercalated cells of the collecting duct (CD) are critical for acid-base homeostasis and innate immune defense of the kidney. Little is known about the impact of acidosis on innate immune defense in the distal nephron. Urinary tract infections are mainly due to Escherichia coli and are an important risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease. While the effect of urinary pH on growth of E. coli is well established, in this study, we demonstrate that acidosis increases urine antimicrobial activity due, at least in part, to induction of cathelicidin expression within the CD. Acidosis was induced in rabbits by adding NH4Cl to the drinking water and reducing food intake over 3 days or by casein supplementation. Microdissected CDs were examined for cathelicidin mRNA expression and antimicrobial activity, and cathelicidin protein levels in rabbit urine were measured. Cathelicidin expression in CD cells was detected in kidney sections. CDs from acidotic rabbits expressed three times more cathelicidin mRNA than those isolated from normal rabbits. Urine from acidotic rabbits had significantly more antimicrobial activity (vs. E. coli) than normal urine, and most of this increased activity was blocked by cathelicidin antibody. The antibody had little effect on antimicrobial activity of normal urine. Urine from acidotic rabbits had at least twice the amount of cathelicidin protein as did normal urine. We conclude that metabolic acidosis not only stimulates CD acid secretion but also induces expression of cathelicidin and, thereby, enhances innate immune defense against urinary tract infections via induction of antimicrobial peptide expression.

scholarly journals In Vitro Efficacy of Flomoxef against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Malaysia

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Soo Tein Ngoi ◽  
Cindy Shuan Ju Teh ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Kartini Abdul Jabar ◽  
Shiang Chiet Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Esbl Producers

The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae has greatly affected the clinical efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics in the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The limited treatment options have resulted in the increased use of carbapenem. However, flomoxef could be a potential carbapenem-sparing strategy for UTIs caused by ESBL-producers. Here, we compared the in vitro susceptibility of UTI-associated ESBL-producers to flomoxef and established β-lactam antibiotics. Fifty Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urine samples were subjected to broth microdilution assay, and the presence of ESBL genes was detected by polymerase chain reactions. High rates of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (76–80%), ticarcillin-clavulanate (58–76%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (48–50%) were observed, indicated by high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (32 µg/mL to 128 µg/mL) for both species. The ESBL genes blaCTX-M and blaTEM were detected in both E. coli (58% and 54%, respectively) and K. pneumoniae (88% and 74%, respectively), whereas blaSHV was found only in K. pneumoniae (94%). Carbapenems remained as the most effective antibiotics against ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae associated with UTIs, followed by flomoxef and cephamycins. In conclusion, flomoxef may be a potential alternative to carbapenem for UTIs caused by ESBL-producers in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Urine Microbial Landscape in Children with Urinary Tract Infections in Ryazan and Ryazan Region

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
N.A. Belykh ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tereschenko ◽  
N.A. Anikeeva ◽  
S.S. Kantutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tract Infections

Study Objective: To study a spectrum of uropathogens and their sensitivity to antimicrobials in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children in Ryazan and Ryazan Region. Study Design: retrospective study. Materials and Methods. We conducted a retrospective local laboratory monitoring of urinary microflora and analysed its sensitivity to antimicrobials in 111 patients aged 2 months to 17 years old who were undergoing traditional UI therapy in 2020. The study group comprised 75 (67.6%) girls and 36 (32.4%) boys. Pathogen isolation and type identification were performed using urine specimens collected in sterile disposable plastic containers prior to antimicrobial therapy. Material was delivered for analysis within 2 hours from collection. For testing of pathogen sensitivity to antimicrobials, we used the phenotyping diffusion test and an analytical test for carbapenems inactivation. Study Results. Prevailing causative agents of UIs were Escherichia coli (50.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.4%). Resistance determinants were found in 9.0% and 2.7% of Е. соli and K. pneumoniae urological strains, respectively. The main mechanism of resistivity was production of wide spectrum plasmid β-lactamases. The highest activity in E. coli was demonstrated by generation III–IV cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fosfomicin (100%), nitrofurantoin (91.3%), and aminopenicillins (76.1–86.9%). For K. pneumoniae, generation III–IV cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were most potent (100%). All resistant pathogens were sensitive to cefoperazone sulbactam, meropenem, imipenem, aminoglycosides (100%); tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomicin were most potent against E. coli. Conclusion. Children with UIs in Ryazan Region had mostly gram-negative bacteria in their urine (85.6%), Enterobacteralеs (81.1%) being a prevailing type. Antimicrobials resistance determinants were quite rare (17.8%) in these urine isolates; all of them were class A ЕSBL producers. These characteristic features of antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic enterobacteria strains allow using β-lactam antibiotics in empiric initial treatment and emphasising the need in patient-specific selection of antimicrobials. Keywords: antibacterial therapy, antibiotic resistance, children, urinary tract infections, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Extracts and essential oil of two medicinal plants as a candidate against urinary tract infection caused by multi-drug resistance E. coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmadian ◽  
Mohammad Javad Mehdipour Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Eryngium Caucasicum

Abstract Background: The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the two plants, including Eryngium caucasicum Trautv (EtEc, AqEc) and Froriepia subpinnata (EtFs, AqFs), as well as the essential oil of Eryngium caucasicum (EoFs) on MDR E. coli spp. isolated from the urine samples were examined. Methods: Microdilution and agar well diffusion methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and inhibition zone diameter of the extracts and essential oil. Reverse-phase High- performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-mass) were applied for phytochemical analyses of extracts and essential oil ingredients. Results: The inhibitory rate based on MIC of AqEc, EtEc, AqEc, EtEc and EoEs on total isolates were 37.6%, 43%, 31.2%, 40.9% and 53.8%, respectively. The killing rate based on MBC of AqEc, EtEc, AqEc, EtEc and EoFs on total isolates were 15.1%, 20.4%, 12.9%, 24.7% and 34.4%, respectively. EoFs, with the exception of cephalothin, chloramphenicol, pipiracillin and carbapenems, can be used as an alternative to 12 of the 18 antibiotics used (P<0.01). Compounds with antimicrobial activity including quercetin, catechin, terpenes, alcohols and aromatic molecules in extracts and essential oils have been identified and measured, but chlorogenic acid polyphenol could not be identified in any of the plant products. Conclusion: It seems that the extracts and essential oil studied have the potential to be used as native materials to treat urinary tract infections as well as food preservatives or other products.

Detection of KPC-2 gene in K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. mirabilis isolated from Urine sample of Urinary Tract Infection patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2292-2295
Author(s):  
Nargis . ◽  
Tayyab ur Rehman ◽  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Hanif Khan ◽  
Madina .
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Gene 4

Background: Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is an uprising problem worldwide. KPC is one of the important mechanisms of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae such as K. pneumoniae. Aims and Objectives: The current research focuses on the frequency of the KPC -2 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples, as well as antibiotic resistance patterns. Methodology: Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were examined on 53 carbapenem-resistant isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family. These isolates were subjected to the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and PCR for KPC 2 gene identification. Results: A total of 150 urine samples were processed for the isolation of the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae. 125 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained in which the consistency of K. pneumonia was 50(40%),E. colin was 55(44%), and P. mirabilis was 20(16%). The test for susceptibility of antibioticresulted that among50 Klebsiella pneumoniae 40% were resistant to Imipenem, while in E. coli 54.4% and P. mirabilis 30 % were resistant to Imipenem respectively. PCR results show the gene KPC-2 out of 15 (75%) 2 (13.2%) Modified Hodge Test Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In total 83.3% (n=25) E. coli Modified Hodge Test positive and for the KPC-2 gene 4% were positive. Conclusion:This research demonstrates that in Enterobacteriaceae there isexistence of carbapenem resistance. Surveillance research and complete antibiotic prescription standards should be established at Pakistan's various hospitals to stop the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key Words: Enterobacteriaceae, Urinary Tract Infections, Carbapenem, Modified Hodge test

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