scholarly journals Manniophyton fulvum extract attenuates sodium nitroprusside induced oxidative stress in wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2592
Author(s):  
Dokubo Awolayeofori ◽  
Nwaokezi Chris Obi ◽  
Okwakpam Felicia Nnenna
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is an antihypertensive agent. It induces toxicity via the release of cyanide ions, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. Manniophyton fulvum (MF) is commonly used in Nigeria due to its therapeutic and nutritional potentials. This study evaluates the phytochemical composition of aqueous extract of MF root and influence in SNP induced oxidative stress in wistar rats.Methods: Gas chromatography was used for determination of the chemical composition of aqueous extract of MF root. Rat liver homogenate was used for determination of rhodanese, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Twenty (20) rats were randomly divided into four different groups comprising five animals (n=5). Control (Group A), Groups B, C, D received 2.5 mg/kg body weight of SNP at intervals of three hours per day by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, Groups C and D received 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of MF and 10 mg/kg body weight of Vitamin E respectively for a period of seven days.Results: Flavonoids had the highest composition while allicin had the lowest composition. Diallyl thiosulphinate>methyl allyl thiosulphinate >allyl methyl thiosulphinate. The activity of rhodanese, GSH and MDA concentrations showed that Group B had significant (p<0.05) increase in MDA concentration while GSH showed significant (p<0.05) decrease. Also, the activity of rhodanese showed significant (p<0.05) decrease compared to Group A. However, Groups C and D showed significant increase (p<0.05) in the activity of rhodanese enzyme compared to Group A and Group B. GSH levels of Group C and Group D showed no significant (p>0.05) difference while the MDA concentration showed significant (p<0.05) decrease. Correlation analysis between rhodanese and GSH showed strong significant (p=0.01, r=0.894) positive correlation.Conclusions: It can be deduced that the chemical components of aqueous extract of MF may serve as a pharmacological agent for molecular targets to up regulate detoxification and cytoprotective enzymes. Cellular localization of rhodanese enzyme can be induced by aqueous extract of MF root to collaborate with GSH and promote inhibition of lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidative reactions and up regulate cyanide detoxification in tissues.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves as growth promoter and anti-colibacillosis in broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Sarker ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
F Akter ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MR Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of aqueous extract of Neem leaves against colibacillosis and as a growth promoter in broilers. A total of 40 commercial day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups; viz. A, B, C and D. Group A was kept as non-treated control, Group B  and C was treated with 1% Neem leaves in drinking water for six weeks,  and colibacillosis was induced at 2nd week in group C and  D. In group D, Neem leaves treatment continued from 2nd to 6th week after the colibacillosis induction to compare its antibacterial efficacy to prophylactic effect. Escherichia coli induction rate was 200µl per bird where 1 ml contains approximately 1X106 CFU (Colony Forming Unit). Data were recorded for live body weight, weekly gain in weight and hematological parameters of birds for six weeks. Clinical examination and antibacterial sensitivity studies  suggests administration of aqueous extract of Neem leaves significantly (p<0.001) improved body weight gain in the Neem treated groups but did not prevent E. coli induced colibacillosis in broilers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20715 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 138-141

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic effect of turmeric aqueous root extract and morphological changes in the pancreas of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-S) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Ogenyi ◽  
Ezinne Imoko ◽  
Anthony A. Ngokere ◽  
Amalachukwu O. Ike
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: The study aims to evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of turmeric and the histological changes in the pancreas of adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups of [A-D] ten rats per group. Group A was normal control, group B was diabetic control, group C was treated with 300mg/kg weight of extract and group D was 500mg/kg body weight. All animals had access to food and water ad libitum.  Aqueous extract of turmeric was administered orally, once daily for 14 days. The rats were then anaesthetized with dichloromethane before sacrifice and sample collection. Pancreatic tissues were processed, stained using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) method. Blood glucose estimation was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Results: The mean body weights of the rats across groups were not statistically significant. Similarly, blood glucose levels across groups revealed a progressive statistically significant increase from group A to D and from day one to day 17. Pairwise comparison of group A with B, C and D showed a statistically significant increase but a comparison of Group B with C and D were not significant. Discussion: There was progressive body weight increase of the rats from day one to the final day across all groups and reduction in the blood glucose levels of the animals treated with 300mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weights, after seven days of treatment, but these, progressively increased with time even with treatment. The overall pancreas features indicate moderate inflammatory changes. Keywords: turmeric, anti- hyperglycemia, alloxan, Wistar rats

scholarly journals RESVERATROL ATTENUATES OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: AN EXPERIMENTAL RAT MODEL

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Urea Level ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-nephrotoxic effects of Resveratrol in cisplatin induced nephrotoxic albino Wistar rats. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was performed at Isra University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Thirty male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group-A (control), group-B (cisplatin) and group-C (cisplatin+Resveratrol). Biochemical [serum urea, creatinine and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] and renal histomorphology was performed in all groups after 21 days of treatment. RESULTS: Difference in mean pre- and post-experimental body weight was observed in all three groups. Mean body weight decreased from 241.7±8.5 gm to 196.50±9.34 gm and from 237±7.4 gm to 207.2±6.56 gm in group-B and group-C respectively. In group-A; mean serum urea was 22.7±2.66 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 0.45±0.05 mg/dl and serum GPX was 1.44±0.13 ηg/ml. In group-B; mean serum urea level was 51±3.65 mg/dl, mean serum creatinine was 0.78±0.05 mg/dl and serum GPX was 0.85±0.11 ηg/ml. In group-C, mean serum urea level was 32.8±1.45 mg/dl, serum creatinine level was 0.41±0.09 mg/dl and serum GPX was 1.53±0.08 ηg/ml. In group-A, renal structure was intact, marked changes were observed in renal histology of group-B while group-C displayed less glomerular damage. The mean distance between visceral and parietal layers of Bowman’s capsule was 69.34±0.87 µm in group-A, 216.5±1.32 µm in group-B while 102.22±1.65 µm in group-C. Areas of peritubular fibrosis and congestion were observed in groups B and C but less prominent in group-C compared with group-B. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol therapy is a potent anti-nephrotoxic regime showing promising results in chemotherapy induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress.

Chloroquine Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Mice: RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3214-3215
Author(s):  
Sumbal Khalid ◽  
Hamid Javaid Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Aslam ◽  
Talha Laique
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Clinical Trial Methodology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group B ◽  
As Stress

Many drugs have been found to induce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is responsible for a large number of diseases. Chloroquine is one of the drugs, which can induce oxidative stress, when it is given at higher dose. Purpose: To find the effect of chloroquine as stress inducer on albino mice. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methodology: Sixty male albino mice were taken into this randomized controlled study. Those were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A was the control group while group B mice were given single oral dose of 970 mg/kg of body weight of chloroquine on 9th day of experiment. Terminal intracardiac blood sample was obtained on 17th day of experiment. Statistical analysis: SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: When results of group B were compared with those of group A, there was highly significant (p= 0.000) rise in serum malondialdehyde level and highly significant (p= 0.000) decrease in serum glutathione peroxidase level. Conclusion: It was concluded that Chloroquine induces oxidative stress when it is given at the dose of 970 mg/kg of body weight in mice. Keywords: Chloroquine, Oxidative Stress and Malondialdehyde.

Effect of Opuntia dejecta (Salm-Dyck) flowers in liver of fructose-fed rats: Biochemicals, enzymatic and histological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110134
Author(s):  
O Zouaoui ◽  
K Adouni ◽  
A Jelled ◽  
A Thouri ◽  
A Ben Chrifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histological Architecture

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of flowers decoction at post-flowering stage (F3D) of Opuntia dejecta were determined. The obtained findings demonstrate that F3D has a marked antioxidant activity in all tested assays. Furthermore, the present study was designed to test the protective activity of F3D against induced Diabetes type 2 (DT2) in male rats. Those metabolic syndromes were induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD) (10% fructose solution) for a period of 20 weeks. F3D was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) daily for the last 4 weeks. Metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug and administrated orally for the last 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in blood glucose, triglycerides and hepatic markers (ALAT, ASAT and ALK-P) in HFD group. A significant increase in hepatic TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GPX were observed in fructose fed rats compared to control group. Administration of F3D showed a protective effect in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in this study. Also, oral administration of F3D restored the histological architecture of rat liver in comparison with rats fed HFD. In conclusion, F3D attenuated hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.

Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde ◽  
Halimot Olawalarami Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (l-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), l-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and l-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and l-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although l-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions The data from this study suggest that Gly or l-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extract of Basella alba L. leaves on Blood Cell Count in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Farhana Sabrin ◽  
AF Mohammed Shafiqul Alam ◽  
Muhammad Rashedul Islam ◽  
Md Elias Al Mamun ◽  
Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The effect of aqueous extract of Basella alba (puishak) leaves on blood cell count of rats was studied. Forty rats of both sexes weighing between 100-150 gm were used. The rats were divided into four groups (7 rats in each group), with group A as the control group and experimental groups were denoted as B, C and D. With all aseptic precautions, aqueous extract of Basella alba (Puishak) leaves was administered into the three different doses (For group B: 60 mg/kg bw, group C: 80 mg/kg bw and group D: 100 mg/kg bw). Control group A also received distilled water as a placebo at the dose of 10 mg/kg bw for 14 days. At day 15, blood samples were collected and sent for haematological analysis. Data analysis of blood count profile of 28 rats revealed that there is an increased number of RBC, WBC and platelet count in experimental groups than in control group. ANOVA test revealed that increased blood cell counts following administration of aqueous leaves extract of keeves of B. alba were statistically significant (p value for each case was .0001<.05) than control group. Paired samples t test was performed to compare between baseline hematological parameters and parameters after 14 days of intervention. Then comparison between Group A & Group B, between Group A & Group C and between Group A & Group D were done. In all cases, probability (p) value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.This it is clearly evident that aqueous extract of B.alba has positive stimulant effect on blood cells count of rats. Moreover, it was found that increment of doses also increases the cell count that is positively correlated with the hypothesis. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 73-78, 2019

scholarly journals EFFECT OF KALO JEERA SEEDS AND PAPAYA LEAF SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Sorwar ◽  
M. Mostofa ◽  
M. N. Hasan ◽  
M. Billah ◽  
M. T. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of papaya leaf (Carica papaya) and kalo jeera (Nigella sativa) seeds powdered supplementation in drinking water as a growth promoter in broiler chickens. A total of 20 Cobb-500 broiler chicks (day-old) were purchased from local hatchery (Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd.) and after seven days of acclimatization chicks were randomly divided into two groups, A (n=10) and B (n=10). The group A was kept as a control and not treated. The group B was supplemented with papaya leaf and kalo jeera powder with feed and water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain up to 5th weeks and hematological tests were performed at 35th day’s age of broiler to search for hematological changes between control (A) and treatment (B) groups. The initial body weight of groups A and B on 1st were 41.00±0.56 gm and 41.50±0.35 gm, respectively and after 35th day of experiment final body weight were 1470±57.35 gm and 1720±58.56 gm, respectively and economics of production were analyzed and found that net profit per broiler was Tk. 8.91 and Tk. 20.69, respectively. The treatment group B was recorded statistically significant (at 1% level) increased (17.00%) for live body weight than that of control group A. The hematological parameters total erythrocyte count (TEC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and hemoglobin (Hb) estimation value of treatment group shows significant difference, while hemoglobin estimation does not show significant difference from control group. The results suggest that better growth performance could be achieved in broilers supplemented with papaya leaf and kalo jeera seeds.

Influence of Dietary Multiple Phase Feeding on Growth Performance of Commercial Broiler Chicken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Tikate ◽  
M. Wade ◽  
A. S. Ranade ◽  
V. R. Patodkar ◽  
V. S. Dhaygude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Multiple Phase ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The experimental trial was carried out to study the effect of multiple phase feeding on the growth performances and the economics of broiler production for a period of six weeks. Day-old chicks (n=160) were divided into two treatment groups, each containing 80 chicks with four replicates in each treatment. The birds of the control group (A) were fed prestarter, starter and finisher diets as per nutrient requirement of commercial broiler strain used in the experiment and the multiple phase feeding was followed in group-B by changing the nutrient densities (Energy, Crude protein, lysine and methionine) of diet per week. The different performance parameters were studied such as live body weight, gain in live body weight, feed conversion ratio and feed consumption at weekly interval. Mortality was recorded daily and the economics was calculated at the end of experiment. The results of experiment showed that the body weight and weight gain of broilers of group-B was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of broilers of group-A during first, second, fifth and sixth week of age and also during overall duration of the experiment. Further, the feed intake of broilers of group-B was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of group-A during second, fifth and sixth weeks of age and also during the overall feed intake of broilers. The Feed Conversion Ratio of broilers of group-B was significantly better (p less than 0.05) than that of group-A during fifth week and also during the overall performance. The multiple phase feeding has not put any adverse effect on percentage mortality of broilers. However, broilers fed with the multiple phase feeding showed higher net profit per bird and also per kg of body weight as compared to the broilers of control group (A).

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