scholarly journals Therapeutic drug targets for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
R. P. Priyadharsini ◽  
DivyaShanthi C. M.
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Cell Replication ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Protease Action

Covid 19, caused by Corona virus started in Wuhan, China on December 2019 and the disease has spread rapidly among 210 countries. Corona virus disease, a RNA virus infection affected millions of people and caused death in many patients. The symptoms include fever, sneezing, coughing and other respiratory symptoms. The disease can highly affect the elderly, immunocompromised and the fatality rate is increased among these people. There is no definitive treatment till now and patients are treated symptomatically. The steps involved in the pathogenesis including attachment of the virus to the host cell, replication, protease action, assembly of nucleocapsid, release by exocytosis and they are the potential targets for the drugs. There are various trials ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies. This review gives a summary of the most important drugs and drug targets used in the management of Covid 19.

scholarly journals Rebuilding After a Pandemic, the Place of Engineering Education in Nation Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-486
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
National Development ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Specific Activities

Engineering education was defined as a field, discipline, practice and profession that has ties with the development, acquisition and the application of technical, scientific and mathematical principles to understand, design, implement and invent materials, machines, structures, systems and processes for specific activities. This typifies that engineering education has the drive to make things better. Engineering education is vital for national development and competitiveness. Issues of health are vital to humans and humans are key elements in nation building. At the termination of the year 2019, series of pneumonia cases were discovered in Wuhan China. The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an RNA virus with a crown like appearance when viewed under an electron microscope as a result of the presence of glycoprotein spikes on its envelope. The study looked at the place of engineering education to ensure rebuilding after a pandemic. Findings from the study revealed that engineering is important for nation building and various evidences that supports this were considered in this study. The Impetus of engineering education for rebuilding after the pandemic to contribute to nation building was also considered in the study. The study therefore recommended that effort must be made at leveraging on engineering education because of its import for rebuilding after a pandemic.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi C. Ghate ◽  
Swapnil Borage ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging disease with rapid increases in cases. COVID-19 is a single-stranded RNA virus which can produce diseases in Humans and Animals also. As COVID-19 is a developing health issue in the World, Experts also remain unsure whether pregnant women are having a higher risk of COVID-19 or not. The emergency of acute health care, it is particularly deadly in large populations and communities in which health care providers are insufficiently prepared to manage the COVID-19 infection. And cases have increased in other countries around the world day by day. It has increased the possibility of vertical transmission of the virus from the mother to the fetus—the WHO the total confirmed cases as of 12th April as 1,836,041. Total death 113,233and pregnant women having positive corona cases is 38, as of 1st April 2020. Partial suppression of the immune system in pregnancy can increase the chances of a viral infection such as flu (influenza) in pregnant women. World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that there is no specific evidence exists that pregnant women are more prone to severe COVID-19 symptoms than other general people. Physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnant women have systemic effects which in an increased risk of respiratory infections, various other changes like cardiovascular system, Respiratory system, increased heart rate and decreased lung capacity. Pregnant women become infected with two pathogenic corona virus infections, one as a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other one is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

scholarly journals Protease Inhibitors: Strategy to Disrupt COVID 19 Contagion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhiman C Paul ◽  
minakshi bhattacharjee ◽  
Manash P Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Furin Cleavage ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Furin Cleavage Site ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Abstract Background: The COVID 2019 (Corona Virus Disease) has been currently going pandemic as per WHO (World Health Organisation) situation reports. The major differentiating point in this virus is the presence of a unique furin cleavage site. Our insilico study points out to the effectiveness of a potent plant origin furin inhibitor. We exploited the aspect of the cleavage machinery of furin which is critical and indispensible for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome –Corona Virus 2) in human cells and subsequent massive contagion. Most of the drugs are presently targeting ACEII (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) receptor. But these options have injurious effects in diabetics and cardiac patients. Repurposing of old drugs are the current undergoing therapeutic measures as per the EUA (Emergency Usage Administration) of Food and Drug Administration. These aspects could be avoided if we develop a better and safer strategized drug . Methods In silico analysis of plant based protein analogs to inhibit furin protein. Results Significant interactions of proposed analogs of protease inhibitor of plant origin against furin protein. Furin inhibitors would be incredible drug targets against cancers, MERS CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and most urgently SARS- CoV-2. Conclusion We report the first of its kind of furin inhibitor and believe that this major finding would fast track arenas for drug trials.

scholarly journals Pericarditis in Covid 19 - An Unusual Presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (31) ◽  
pp. 2532-2534
Author(s):  
Abhijit Wadekar ◽  
Sanyauta Hepat ◽  
Sourya Acharya ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Major Mode

Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection causing the current pandemic began as a cluster of cases in Wuhan Province of China which has now progressed to the current dangerously exponential rise of billions of cases all over the world.1 COVID19 virus is a single stranded RNA virus having zoonotic origin. It’s ability to cause cross infection is the reason for the current devastating pandemic.2 Adding to that, COVID-19 is also called as novel corona virus as such a strain of virus had never affected mankind before. The spectrum of infection is also quite interesting. Cases range from asymptomatic, mild infections having cold, cough and fever, to life threatening instances of acute respiratory failure requiring ventilator support and intensive care admission.3 With fewer treatment options available, vaccination in the pipeline, the major mode of management is symptomatic treatment. Higher antibiotics, immunity stimulant drugs, oxygen supplementation currently form the mainstay of treatment. The management of Covid-19 still remains us shooting in the dark, exploring for ground-breaking options which prevent mortality and morbidity. Another lesser explored facet of the Covid-19 infection, is its ability to rapidly disseminate in the body and not be restricted just to the respiratory system. This rapid dissemination is the reason for the multi-systemic involvement in extreme cases of Covid-19.4 There have been reported cases of Covid-19 along with neurological and cardiovascular involvement. The cardiovascular involvement can also range from chest pain and palpitations to emergencies like cardiac tamponade and cardiac failure. As the aetiology and complete progression of this disease is yet to be fully understood, such cases with multi-systemic involvement pose imminent challenges in treatment and management.5 Here, we are presenting a case of 29-year-old male Covid positive patient, who presented with chest pain and tachycardia and diagnosed as pericarditis.

scholarly journals Physical Activity during the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Afriwardi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The spread of Corona virus disease 19 (Covid-19) which has been going on since December 2019 has had a very broad impact on all walks of life. Data quoted from the official website of the World Health Organization (WHO), as of September 25, 2020, reported that there were more than 31,026,758 confirmed cases of Covid-19 worldwide, and more than 755,786 people had died with positive Covid-19 ( 1). Meanwhile in Indonesia, as monitored by the Kompas.com website, 137,468 confirmed cases of Covid-19 were reported and more than 6,071 people died. The mortality rate is estimated to be 4.416%, of which most cases involve the elderly (> 80%) (2). Seeing the reality on the ground, by not being disciplined in responding to health protocols to prevent Covid-19 transmission, this number will continue to show an increase.

scholarly journals A Network Pharmacology Study to Uncover the Multiple Molecular Mechanism of the Chinese Patent Medicine Toujiequwen Granules in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyu Yang ◽  
Haozhen Wang ◽  
Chen Lu ◽  
Zhenzhong Ma ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Chinese Patent Medicine ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Resistance Pathway ◽  
Target Disease ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Patent Medicine

Abstract Since the outbreak of the novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected by SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, clinical specific antiviral drugs have been lacking. A Chinese patent medicine called ‘Toujiequwen Granules’ has been promoted in the treatment of COVID-19. The present study was designed to reveal the molecular mechanism of Toujiequwen Granules against COVID-19. A network pharmacological method was applied to screen the main active ingredients of Tongjiequwen Granules. Network analysis of 149 active ingredients and 330 drug targets showed the most active ingredients interacting with many drug targets are quercetin., drug targets most affected by the active ingredients are PTGS2, PTGS1, and DPP4. Drug target disease enrichment analysis showed drug targets are significantly enriched in cardiovascular diseases, digestive tract diseases and so forth. An ‘active ingredient-target-disease’ network showed that 57 active ingredients from Toujiequwen Granules, interact with 15 key targets of coronary pneumonia. There are 53 ingredients that can act on DPP4, suggesting that DPP4 may become a potential new key target for the treatment of COVID-19. The GO analysis results showed that key targets were mainly enriched in the cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, cytokine activity and other functions. KEGG analysis showed they were mainly concentrated in viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptors endocrine resistance pathway, and others. These evidences suggest that Toujiequwen Granules might play an effective role through improving the symptoms of underlying diseases in patients with COVID-19 and multi-target interventions against multiple signaling pathways related to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Myths and Facts: Chloroquine May Be A Potential Supportive/Therapeutic Drug in COVID-19 Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Sadia Minhas ◽  
Romeeza Tahir ◽  
Shah Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

Quinine and its less toxic derivatives have served humanity for decades as potent antimalarial drugs. Emergence of drug resistance has narrowed the usage of these drugs in malaria prevention and treatment. Fortunately, these drugs have roles in the treatment of other diseases as well including rheumatic disorders and viral infections. Quinine derivatives have proven antiviral effects, especially against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika virus (ZiKV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Ebola virus and dengue virus (DENV). The prophylactic and therapeutic role of Chloroquine/hydroxychroquine has become a topic of interest after the recent outbreak of novel Corona virus-19 (nCoV-19). This virus is also named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and WHO has officially named this disease as Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This lethal virus has affected almost 186 countries of the world till to date just in a period of four months of its outbreak. No approved antiviral drug is existed for the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, this review is focused on potential prophylactic and therapeutic role of chloroquine/hydroxychlroquine for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Corona virus pandemic: current scenario and future hopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1957
Author(s):  
Awadhesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Current Outbreak

Whenever we human beings challenge the existence of the god or tried to prove ourselves superior to the nature. The Nature bounces back in the form of these pandemics of infectious disease which forced us to either surrender or to lockdown ourselves in homes. The current outbreak of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is the same warning from nature. It is spreading very fast from one country to other and almost affects the whole world. We have many unanswered questions. Currently in absence of any definitive treatment, prevention is an only option. But future hopes are still there. This article gives a brief and accurate detail of COVID-19 pandemic regarding current situation and future hopes.

Lansia Sebagai Populasi Rentan Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19: Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1452-1458
Author(s):  
Eliza Farda Syarifah ◽  
S Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Study Context

AbstractElderly are a vulnerable society in term of COVID-19. This is related to decrease immunity and comorbid diseases suffered by the elderly. The mortality rates of elderly suffered COVID-19 was high worldwide, including Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the vulnerability of the elderly and their relationship to COVID-19. The study applied a scoping review. The articles were searched in PubMed database. The keywords used are elderly, aged, older people and covid19, corona virus disease, SARS-Cov19 and selected in full text. As the results, there were 22,939 articles found but the author only took 7 articles according to the study context. The results show that the average age of the elderly who were affected by COVID-19 was 72.43 with a standard deviation of 4.1. Women were more affected by as many as 241 respondents (56.97%). The elderly are a vulnerable group due to decreased immunity and degenerative processes. Immunization for the elderly can be given as a preventive intervention. The elderly are vulnerable population of various diseases, including covid-19. A weakened immune system coupled with chronic disease can increase the risk of COVID-19 in the elderly. Due to the degeneration process among elderly, it is high risk of COVID-19 infection that causes severe disorders, even death among them.Keywords: COVID-19, Elderly, Immunity, Vaccination AbstrakLanjut usia (lansia) merupakan kelompok rentan terserang COVID-19. Hal tersebut terkait dengan penurunan daya tahan tubuh dan penyakit komorbid yang diderita lansia. Data mortalitas akibat COVID-19 pada lansia masih tinggi hampir di semua Negara, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kerentanan lansia dan hubungannya dengan COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah scoping review, dengan pencarian artikel menggunakan database PubMed. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah elderly, aged, older people and covid19, corona virus disease, SARS-Cov19 dan dipilih secara full text. Pada penelitian artikel didapatkan 22.939 artikel namun penulis hanya mengambil 7 artikel sesuai dengan konteks penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil scoping review dari 7 artikel mengenai lansia dan covid-19 didapatkan bahwa rata-rata usia lansia yang terserang COVID-19 adalah 72.43 dengan standard deviasi 4.1. Perempuan lebih banyak terserang yaitu sebanyak 241 responden (56.97%). Lansia merupakan kelompok rentan karena penurunan imunitas dan proses degenerative. Imunisasi bagi lansia dapat diberikan sebagai upaya pencegahan. Lansia rentan terserang berbagai penyakit, termasuk COVID-19. Sistem imun yang melemah ditambah adanya penyakit kronis dapat meningkatkan risiko covid-19 pada lansia. Dengan terjadinya proses degenerasi pada lansia, hal tersebut mendukung risiko terjadinya infeksi COVID-19 yang menimbulkan gangguan yang parah, bahkan kematian pada lansia.Kata kunci: Lansia, Covid-19.

Indikationen für chinesische Arzneimitteltherapie bei Covid-19-Erkrankungen

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Christian Thede
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin ◽  
Chinesische Medizin ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Chinesische Arzneimitteltherapie

SummaryIn Reaktion auf den massiven Ausbruch von Covid-19-Erkrankungen in der Region Wuhan wurde von staatlicher Seite bereits Ende Januar 2020 eine Expertenkommission namhafter chinesischer TCM-Fachleute berufen. Nach der Sichtung einer größeren Anzahl von Patienten in Wuhan wurdenTherapieprotokolle für verschiedene Krankheitsstadien formuliert, die in den „Guidance for Corona Virus Disease 2019“ des Generalbüros der Nationalen Hygiene und Gesundheitskommission und des Büros der staatlichen Verwaltung für traditionelle chinesische Medizin aufgenommen wurden.

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