scholarly journals Programmed labour compared with expectant management: is it truly a need of new millennium?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4014
Author(s):  
Madhukar J. Shinde ◽  
Umesh S. Sabale ◽  
Savita S. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Expectant Management ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Labour Induction ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Latent Phase ◽  
Human Parturition

Background: The mechanism triggering the initiation of human parturition is still an enigma. At term a series of complex physiological, biochemical and physical processes cascade resulting in delivery of the fetus. This study deals exclusively with comparison of normal labour, induction of labour with prostaglandin, and with augmentation by intracervical insertion of PGE2 tablets, amniotomy and smooth muscle relaxant. Advantages and disadvantages of each of the above methods are compared with expectant management of labour. Aim of this study was to compare pros and cons of programmed labour that to with expectant management.Methods: Study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, Pune. It was a prospective randomized clinical trial. 100 pregnant full term women, were selected for each group. At 0 hour primiprost tablet is inserted into the vagina close to the cervix. Frequency of repetition of tablet will be at three hours interval. Patient will be monitored.Results: The youngest one being of age 17 years and the eldest being of age 29 years. In this, we observed those primi and 2nd gravida patients 2-2 tablets each in latent phase and 1-1 tablets in active phase. The induction delivery Interval in primigravida was observed to be of average of 9 hours. While in II Gravida was 6.5 hours, in III Gravida 5.5 hours and in IV Gravida 4 hours.Conclusions: It has been proved beyond doubt that by programmed labour, the patient definitely can get the benefit of decrease in duration of labour.

DIGITALIZATION OF BUSINESS. SMALL BUSINESS PROBLEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF PANDEMIC AND SUPPORT MEASURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (196) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
N.V Altufeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Small Business Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of small business development in the context of digitalization, followed by the development of a set of measures to support business in the regions of Russia. In accordance with the goal, the author sets the following tasks: to analyze business development in the context of a pandemic and digitalization; to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the impact of digitalization on business development; to develop a set of measures to support business. The scientific novelty consists in identifying the key problems of business development in the context of digitalization and adaptation of innovations and investments in the digital business of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The analysis of business development based on the results of the research of the NAFI Research Centre is carried out. The problems, pros and cons of business development in the context of digitalization are considered. A set of measures for the development and support of business is suggested, including the development of a law on the protection of business in the Internet, which will provide support in the field of legal and information security for small and medium-sized businesses.

scholarly journals Microscopy Methods for Biofilm Imaging: Focus on SEM and VP-SEM Pros and Cons

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Michela Relucenti ◽  
Giuseppe Familiari ◽  
Orlando Donfrancesco ◽  
Maurizio Taurino ◽  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Several imaging methodologies have been used in biofilm studies, contributing to deepening the knowledge on their structure. This review illustrates the most widely used microscopy techniques in biofilm investigations, focusing on traditional and innovative scanning electron microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), variable pressure SEM (VP-SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), and the more recent ambiental SEM (ASEM), ending with the cutting edge Cryo-SEM and focused ion beam SEM (FIB SEM), highlighting the pros and cons of several methods with particular emphasis on conventional SEM and VP-SEM. As each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, the choice of the most appropriate method must be done carefully, based on the specific aim of the study. The evaluation of the drug effects on biofilm requires imaging methods that show the most detailed ultrastructural features of the biofilm. In this kind of research, the use of scanning electron microscopy with customized protocols such as osmium tetroxide (OsO4), ruthenium red (RR), tannic acid (TA) staining, and ionic liquid (IL) treatment is unrivalled for its image quality, magnification, resolution, minimal sample loss, and actual sample structure preservation. The combined use of innovative SEM protocols and 3-D image analysis software will allow for quantitative data from SEM images to be extracted; in this way, data from images of samples that have undergone different antibiofilm treatments can be compared.

DZIKIR CAN REDUCE LABOR PAIN LEVEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Ai Nur Zannah
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Cervical Dilation ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Latent Phase ◽  
First Stage Of Labor

Labor pain is a physiological condition that began at the first stage of labor (laten and active phase). Pain comes from uterine contractions and cervical dilation in an attempt to pave the way for birth and encourage babies to be born. Experts find pharmacological and non-pharmacological ways to reduce pain in labor, one of them is Dzikir guided by childbirth helper (midwife). The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of labor pain level on mother in latent phase before and after applying Dzikir. Subjects were 15 accidentally selected mothers in labor latent phase on March - April in PMB “S” Puger Jember. The design of this study uses a quasi-experimental one group pre-posttest. Results showed significant decreased pain level of mothers after doing Dzikir significantly (Z=-3,578, p≤0.001). In conclusions, there are differences of labor pain level on mother in latent phase before and after applying Dzikir

Peculiarities of the uterine contractile activity in pregnant with mild preeclampsia at labor

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
N.V. Abbasova ◽  
◽  
E.M. Aliyeva ◽  
V.A. Akhmed-zade ◽  
A.Dj. Ismailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Labor Time ◽  
Uterine Contractile ◽  
Mild Preeclampsia ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Latent Phase

The objective: to study the contractile activity of the uterus in pregnant with mild preeclampsia at labor. Patients and methods. Was studies contractile activity of the uterus during the labor in 93 pregnant with mild preeclampsia. The average age of women was 25.24±0.42 (17–37 years). The duration of the clinical manifestation of mild preeclampsia was 3.2±0.1 (1 week). The contractile activity of the uterus was evaluated by the method of external cardiotocography. Results.There was confirmed, that pregnant with mild preeclampsia had high indicators of uterine contractile activity at the latent phase, including intense of the cramps 43.78±2.32 mm Hg , duration of the cramps – 28.32±1.1 s, dutation of relaxation – 43.44±1.46 s, total duration of the cramps – 71.76±1.27 s, duration of the uterine cycle – 66.55±0.28 s. And this leads to significant decreasing of the duration of the latent phase 1.24±0.11 hour, and decreasing of the total labor time (9.18±0.22 hours) appropriately. Conclusion. In parturient women with mild preeclampsia, high rates of contractile activity of the uterus in the latent phase, what significantly reduce the duration of the latent phase, and the total duration of labor as well. Key words: mild preeclampsia, contractile activity of the uterus, latent phase of the labor, active phase of the labor, intranatal cardiotocography.

scholarly journals Combined learning, a good solution for Vietnamese universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Thu Hoa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pros And Cons

Information technology has created tremendous chances in higher education across the globe. With the availability and flexibility of learning online, there are increasing competitions between online learning and traditional, face-to-face classroom. These two types of learning both have their pros and cons. From the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, universities have recently changed the way of their teaching through combining online learning and traditional classroom. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and understand the advancements of the combination of the two types of learning. In this paper, we will introduce the advantages and disadvantages of online learning and the combined learning. We also share our experience on teaching at Flinders University, South Australia through Flinders learning online system. From this knowledge, we will suggest some solutions about building a combined learning system which is suitable for Vietnamese universities.

scholarly journals The pros and cons pertaining to tuberculosis and tuberculosis protocols

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 641-646
Author(s):  
Rishan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Plant Compounds

There are many pros and cons with the protocols used to diagnose patient with TB, particularly because research isn't able to correlate findings with the virulence of the tuberculosis pathogen. This has resulted in further experiments to try optimise protocols for better evaluation of susceptible and resistant tuberculosis strains. This indicates the need for more health-care facilities to treat patients with tuberculosis, or co-tuberculosis infections, more precisely. This article presents some advantages and disadvantages of tuberculosis treatment protocols, with emphasis on drugs, tuberculosis data sets and the administration of plant compounds. This paper also highlights some points on the mechanism of drug action with tuberculosis. Controversies and the present status of tuberculosis studies are also commented on. This is the first (generalised) paper to highlight laboratory as well as non-laboratory points pertaining to tuberculosis and tuberculosis protocols.

scholarly journals Reduction of maternal and neonatal harm through prevention of the primary Cesarean section

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Andrew Welton
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Breech Presentation ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
External Cephalic Version ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Nulliparous Women

While there are clear life-saving indications for Cesarean section (C-section), rates of this procedure have seen a continued rise without a concomitant improvement in maternal or neonatal outcomes. There is some evidence that outcomes may actually be worse for low-risk C-sections versus vaginal delivery. However, this is not necessarily common knowledge for healthcare providers, and therefore, their patients. Measures to safely reduce the C-section rate target management of labour arrest and specific indications for progression to C-section. In the active phase of the first stage of labour, C-section should be considered only in cases of failure to progress after 4 hours of adequate uterine contraction, or 6 hours of inadequate contraction. In the second stage of labour, expectant management of 3 hours of pushing in nulliparous women and 2 hours in multiparous women is safe and appropriate. Furthermore, manual rotation and operative vaginal delivery in the second stage are reasonable alternatives to C-section. Expectant management is also appropriate for certain non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracings. In post-dates pregnancies, induction of labour reduces both rates of C-section and neonatal mortality. Finally, evidence supports the use of external cephalic version in breech presentation as well as a more conservative approach to suspected macrosomia and multiple pregnancy. Taken together, these measures target the most common indications for progression to C-section and can allow us to safely reduce the C-section rate. Educating patients and physicians on the risks of the procedure and reasonable alternatives can improve outcomes for mothers and neonates.

scholarly journals Third stage of labour: expectant versus active management-a comparative study in local low risk population

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Kavita A. Chandnani ◽  
Deepti D. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for about 35% of all maternal deaths. These deaths have a major impact on the lives and health of the families affected. Thus, anticipation as well as proper management of 3rd stage of labour is mandatory. The objective of this study was to compare expectant and active management of third stage of labour in preventing post-partum blood loss and having impact on prevention of maternal mortality in local population. Advantages and disadvantages of both techniques might be over estimated.Methods: Prospective comparative study carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of SBKSMIRC (Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre), Dhiraj general hospital, comprising of 200 laboring women admitted directly or from OPD to labour room for expected vaginal delivery. They were randomly allocated to group A (expectant management) and group B (active management). Labour progress was charted on partograph and interventions recorded. Statistical analysis of data was done after compiling and tabulation of data. Mean±SD for descriptive variables were calculated and appropriate statistical tests applied to determine significance.Results: Average PPBL (post-partum blood loss) was 360.5ml in group A as compared to 290.6ml in group B. 12 patients in group A had blood loss more than 500ml while none in group B. 66% cases in group B had duration of third stage of labour less than 5 min as compared to only 22% in group A. the mean duration of third stage was 13.46±8.3 in group A while 5.32±3.05 in group B. these differences were statistically significant.Conclusions: Active management of the third stage of labour is associated with less blood loss as well as a shorter duration of third stage compared with expectant management. It is reasonable to advocate this regime.

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