COVID-19 second wave deadlier than first in pregnant women: a comparative observational study and the COVID saga continues

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3909
Author(s):  
Suyajna Joshi D ◽  
Vijayalakshmi G. ◽  
Rajeswari Rai ◽  
Ruksar Banu ◽  
Jayasakthi .
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Second Wave

Background: A two wave pattern has been seen in many countries in reported cases of corona virus disease-19 during the 2020 pandemic. Observed data show that the effects of the virus do vary between the two periods. Differences in severity of the disease have been reported, although the comparative characteristics of the two waves still remain largely unknown.Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study continuation of our first paper comparing 133 pregnant COVID-19 positive patients delivered at District Hospital, Bellary, in the first wave and 251 patients admitted during second wave.Results: In the present study 87.9% patients were in the age of 20-30 years, 90% patients belong to lower socio-economic status, mild anemia about 27.4% in second wave, moderate anemia seen in 16.7% in second wave, and 10.35% had severe anemia. Non-severe pre-eclampsia was present in 18.72% of the patients, severe pre-eclampsia was seen in 9.94% of the cases and 01.59% had gestational hypertension. Mode of delivery was 17.9% FTND, 3.77% FTVD emergency LSCS was 74.5% in second wave, and preterm delivery was seen in 3.77% in second wave. Elevated levels of D-dimer were found 34.6% in second wave. 14 deaths being reported in second wave.Conclusions: This study compared the obstetric and clinical outcome in COVID-19 positive patients who are in labor in first and second wave of COVID-19 infection. Although our conclusions are limited, the finding so obtained are important for understanding the clinical parameters, obstetric parameters and perinatal outcome in both waves with considerable increase in maternal mortality in second wave.

A study of profile of patients with different degrees of anemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4008
Author(s):  
Azad K. L. ◽  
Dwivedi S. K.
Keyword(s):  
Serum Iron ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: It has been estimated that 1.62 billion population of the world are suffering from anemia. Preschool children show a highest prevalence of 47.4%. Adult males show a lowest prevalence of 12.7% of anemia. Objective was to study the profile of patients with different degrees of anemia.Methods: Over a period of seven months, from January 2014 to July 2014, a cross sectional study was conducted at department of pathology, Lt. BRKM government medical college, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India. It was possible to study the 250 cases during the tenure of the study period for the present study.Results: It was found that only 3.2% of cases were not having anemia. Thus, the overall prevalence of anemia in the present study was found out to be 96.8%. 62.5% of males and 37.5% of females were having normal hemoglobin. It was found that with normal hemoglobin of more than 12 gm%, no case was having serum iron less than 10.6 µmol/l. All cases without anemia had normal serum iron. 30.3% of cases of anemia had normal serum iron levels. 75.6% of cases across all degrees of anemia were showing microcytosis. This was more in moderate anemia having hemoglobin of 6-9 gm% followed by 42.4% in cases having mild anemia of hemoglobin of 9-12 gm%. Only 13.5% with severe degree of anemia were showing the microcytosis. 24.4% of cases were showing the normocytosis whereas no case has shown the macrocytosis.Conclusions: Prevalence of anemia was more in females. Serum iron did not correspond with the degree of anemia. There is need to emphasize more on awareness about anemia and its prevention especially in mother and child age group.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants in a Portuguese population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Cristiana Maximiano ◽  
Mariana Portela ◽  
Juliana Almeida ◽  
Alexandra Estrada ◽  
Henedina Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Moderate Anemia

INTRODUCTION Iron deficiency is the world most prevalent nutritional disorder which is associated with impaired neurocognitive function in infants. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Portuguese infants remains unknown. The last study was performed by one of us (HA) in 1994 in a sample of 188 infants revealing a prevalence of IDA of 19%. The main objective of this study is to determine the current prevalence of IDA in a sample of infants nine months of age in Braga, Portugal. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study on a random sample of infants born from September 2016 to February 2017 at Braga Hospital. They were evaluated for anthropometry, socio-economic factors, feeding regime and a blood sample was taken for blood cell counts, serum ferritin and C reactive protein. RESULTS Forty-two infants were included. The prevalence of IDA was 7.1%.  Nine infants were anemic (21%); moderate anemia was observed in 2/9 of infants and mild anemia in 7/9 infants. Of the 3 infants with IDA, 2 had been exclusively breastfed until 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Compared to a study from 1994, there may have been a reduction in the prevalence of IDA in this area in Portugal.

scholarly journals Prevalence of menopausal symptoms and its association with various factors among women in post menopausal age group: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3837
Author(s):  
Sushree Priyadarsini Satapathy ◽  
Nivedita Karmee ◽  
Rabinarayan Dash
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Menopause is an important time in women's life and it is a natural event in the process of aging. The onset of menopause heralds a time of diminished estrogen exposure, which may have both acute and chronic effect on health and quality of life.Methods: It was a cross sectional study, conducted for a period of 3months i.e. June to August 2018 among post menopausal women in 8 selected villages with a sample size of 247.Results: The common post- menopausal symptoms were joint and muscular discomfort, bladder problems, symptoms of dryness of vagina, physical and mental exhaustion. Factors like education, occupation, socio-economic status, marital status, parity, mode of delivery, age at menopause and BMI was related to one or more menopausal symptoms.  Conclusions: Proper and timely intervention among post menopausal women will help to reduce the symptoms and lead a better quality of life. 

scholarly journals Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pregnant women: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4892
Author(s):  
Suyajna Joshi D. ◽  
Vijayalakshmi G. ◽  
Kavya N. ◽  
Rai Rajeswari ◽  
Ruksar Banu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Delivery

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emergency health delinquent, with increase in cases worldwide. Pregnant women with COVID-19 positive status are also on rise and reported complications that occur to them during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium accentuates the need for superior care.Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional observational study of 133 pregnant COVID-19 positive patients delivered at District Hospital, Bellary, Karnataka during the period June 2020 to September 2020.Results: In the present study 87.9% were in age 20 to 30 years. 96.3% patients belong to lower socio-economic status. 4.5% patients had mild anaemia, 11.2% had moderate anaemia and 4.5% had severe anaemia. Non-severe pre-eclampsia was present in 11.2% of the patients, severe pre-eclampsia in 12% and 0.7% had gestational hypertension. Mode of delivery was 17.4% Full term normal delivery (FTND), 9% Full term vaginal delivery (FTVD), emergency Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) in 67.7% cases and preterm delivery was seen in 4.5% of the cases. Elevated levels of D-dimer were found in 9.7% of the cases. One maternal death was reported in the study due to COVID-19 pneumonia.Conclusions: This study evaluates the obstetric and clinical outcome in COVID-19 positive patients who are in labor. Although our conclusions are limited, the findings obtained are important for understanding the clinical parameters, obstetric parameters and perinatal outcome.

scholarly journals Dietary Quantity and Diversity among Anemic Pregnant Women in Madura Island, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rian Diana ◽  
Ali Khomsan ◽  
Faisal Anwar ◽  
Dyan Fajar Christianti ◽  
Rendra Kusuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Dietary diversity and quantity are important for pregnant women, particularly anemic pregnant women. This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary quantity and diversity among anemic pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 at Madura Island, Indonesia, and involved 152 anemic pregnant women. Hemoglobin concentration was analyzed by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Dietary quantity was measured by the 2 × 24 h recall. Dietary diversity was determined by Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W). Spearman’s rank association was performed to analyze the association between dietary diversity and quantity. The median of hemoglobin concentration was 10.1 g/dL, and 57.2% pregnant women had mild anemia. Most of the pregnant women had low adequacy levels of energy and macro- and micronutrients (except for iron). More than half (57.9%) of anemic pregnant women had reached minimum dietary diversity. Family size (p=0.048) and gestational age (p=0.004) had negative associations with dietary diversity. Dietary diversity had positive associations with energy (p=0.029), protein (p=0.003), vitamin A (p=0.001), vitamin C (p=0.004), and zinc (p=0.015) adequacy levels. Dietary diversity had no significant association with calcium (p=0.078) and iron adequacy level (p=0.206). High prevalence of mild and moderate anemia was found among pregnant women in their third trimester. Anemic pregnant women already consumed food with minimum dietary diversity but did not meet dietary quantity. Increasing dietary quantity is a priority for anemic pregnant women.

scholarly journals Gestational Anaemia and its Associated Factors in Normal Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Feriha Fatima Khidri ◽  
Rubina Amjad ◽  
Farah Naz ◽  
Abid Hussain ◽  
Faiza Kamran Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstetrical Complications ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Objectives: To determine the hemoglobin levels in normal pregnant women and investigate the association of anemia with gestational age, number of antenatal visits, obstetrical complications and mode of delivery. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Lady Willingdon Hospital, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan from May 2021 to August 2021. A total of 139 normal pregnant women were recruited during antenatal visits. Patients were grouped into normal and anemic groups based on serum hemoglobin levels. Gestational age, obstetrical complications, mode of delivery and fetal outcome were recorded to find its association with anemia. Data was analyzed on SPSS 20.0 and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of n=139 normal pregnant women, n=26 women had normal hemoglobin levels, n=49 were mild anemic, n=46 had moderate anemia whereas n=18 had severe anemia. Overall, the prevalence of gestational anemia was 81%. There was significant association between hemoglobin status and number of antenatal visits and complications in previous pregnancies. Hemoglobin status was not significantly associated with gestational age and mode of delivery. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that gestational anemia is highly prevalent in Pakistan. Early detection of anemia and its correction via supplementations are recommended.

scholarly journals Enormity of iron deficiency anaemia and haematological indices in Primary and secondary school going children in central rural Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-838
Author(s):  
Aboli Patil ◽  
Rajanish Meti ◽  
Swapnil C R ◽  
Mahesh Parappagoudra ◽  
Parikshit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is one of the associated and underlying health conditions observed in large number of school going children of rural India. National Family Health Survey (NHFS) data published by Government of Indiaindicates increased prevalence ofanaemia in children of rural India. In the present study, children of government school of the Waghodia tehsil, Vadodara district Gujarat were surveyed. A cross sectional study was conducted to survey 500 children of either genderaccording to WHO gradation as normal range (12.6 ± 0.54 gm/dl); mild anemia (11.01 ± 0.58gm/dl) and moderate anemia(9.11 ± 0.3gm/dl).Observations indicated that, 20.6%, 74.8% and 4.6%children were in normal or above normal range, mild anemia and moderate anemia respectively. Overall79.4% of children have anemia.  It reveals the escalating magnitude of prevalence of IDA in rural Gujarat. Prevalence is more in 9-11 age group (56%). Gender wise distribution shows mild and moderate anemia in 305 (80.9%) and 14 (3.7%) respectively amongst 377 male children; whereas mild anemia and moderate anemia in 305 (80.9%) and 14 (3.7%) respectively amongst 123 female children. In nutshell, prevalence of anemia is prominent in children of age group in different rural parts of Gujarat. 

scholarly journals Study on Foetal Outcome in Pre-eclamptic Mother

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Sharmin Rahman ◽  
Nargis Sultana ◽  
AKM Mujibur Rahman ◽  
Saueeda Aljtar ◽  
Nasima Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Foetal Outcome

Pre-eclampsia or pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) re-named as gestational hypertension is one of the important causes of maternal death in developing countries like Bangladesh. The foetal outcome is also very unsatisfactory and disappointing in pre-eclamptic mothers. Considering this view, the objective of this study was to assess the foetal outcome in pre-eclamptic mothers and also to identify the factors influencing the outcome. This was a cross sectional study conducted among the pregnant mothers admitted into Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Shaheed Suhrawardi Hospital, Dhaka, with specific signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia during the period from January 2002 to December 2003. A total of 100 pre-eclamptic mothers were studied. Bivariate analysis revealed that a statistically significant association was present between complicated preeclampsia (p<0.05) and previous positive medical history with abnormal foetal outcome (p<0.05), but no statistically significant association was found between foetal outcome and age, occupation of the mother and the husband, socioeconomic status, parity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous surgical and bad obstetrical history, body built, maternal oedema (p>0.05). Analysis also found that poor foetal outcome was significantly associated with haemoglobin level less than 10 gm%, gestational age and mode of delivery (p<0.01). Analysis of relative risk indicated that the abnormal foetal outcome was 7.1 times higher in complicated pre-eclamptic mothers than only pre-eclamptic mothers (p<0.001, 95% CI=2.598-19.957). (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 57-61)

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Anemia among Brazilian Infants from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey

Anemia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Konstantyner ◽  
Thais Cláudia Roma Oliveira ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Moderate Anemia

Iron deficiency is an important public health problem. An understanding of anemia risk factors is essential to informed health policies. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,382 infants from the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and the Health of Women and Children. Mild and moderate anemia was characterised by hemoglobin levels below 11.0 and 9.5 g/dL, respectively. Rates for mild and moderate anemia were 25.9% and 9.9%, respectively. The logistic model included three risk factors for mild anemia—urban residence area (OR=2.5;P=0.004), fever in the past 2 weeks (OR=2.4;P<0.001), and age less than 12 months (OR=1.7;P=0.024). Strategies to control infant anemia should include health promotion and nutritional education for families from all socioeconomic levels. Lifestyle quality improvement based on adequate food consumption must be achieved by communities in all macroregions, and especially in urban areas.

A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Samar Hossain ◽  
Sharma Priyanka ◽  
Talib Hossain ◽  
Surendra Mohan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Development Levels

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.

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