scholarly journals A Retrospective evaluation of hysterolaparoscopy as primary diagnostic tool for female infertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Shehla Jamal ◽  
Mridula Sharma ◽  
Kainat Masroor ◽  
Shravi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Saline Infusion Sonography ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Step

Background: Infertility has been equally challenging and frustrating to the couple as well as physician. The causative etiology can have multitude of factors. Evaluation of underlying factors and formulating uniform diagnostic protocols is still a challenge for most of the infertility experts. This study was aimed to evaluate hysterolaparoscopy as primary diagnostic tool for female infertility.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, SMS and R, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. The data was collected from January2018 to December 2019. A total of 84 cases were studied. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for cleaning and analysis. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done.Results: Around 86.9% of the patients had abnormal findings. 13% of the patients had no abnormal laparoscopic findings, according to our inclusion criteria. One or the other findings were encountered in 96.4% of the cases. Only 3.5% of the patients had no discernible characteristics as per our inclusion protocol.Conclusions: Irrespective of the investigations protocols used, hysterolaparoscopy finds its importance in most of the clinical settings. This investigative approach is professed as superior to hysterosalpingogram and Saline Infusion sonography when used alone. In the present study, we propose diagnostic hysterolaproscopy as first and one step approach, between days 8-11 of the cycle, as an effective diagnostic tool in cases of infertility. 

scholarly journals Innovation and Management by Regional Rural Banks in Achieving the Dream of Financial Inclusion in India: Challenges and Prospects.

2020 ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Anis ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Achieving The Dream ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

The Regional Rural Banks are government-owned, regionally based and rurally oriented financial institutions specialized in catering to the credit needs of the neglected and weaker sections of the society. In the recent past, RRBs have become a potent mediator for financial inclusion in rural areas. This paper summarizes the innovative methods used by the employees of these banks in deposit mobilizations, credit expansion and recovery of the loan. The primary purpose of the research is to find the problems faced by officials of these banks in marketing their services to the rural customer. The opinions of these bank officials regarding the above factors and the functioning of these banks and their impact on society have also been studied. For this purpose, a sample of 96 bank officials of Aryavart bank and Purvanchal Bank have been taken from the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Methodological tools of the research methods were Frequency and Chi-square test of independence which have been used to test the hypotheses developed in the study. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the employees and staff of these two regional rural banks in the state are making their earnest effort to channelize the savings of rural people by mobilization of deposits by motivating them to deposit their surplus money in the regional rural banks. The bank officials are making efforts to extend credit facilities in rural areas to uplift the people economically. The bank officials are facing problems in deposit mobilization, and credit expansion in the rural areas of the state and they are managing these problems very efficiently. Some political interference was found in the functioning of these banks. In the opinion of these bank officials, the overall working of these regional rural banks is proper. The results of the research can be useful for policymakers in the government to understand the hurdles faced by regional rural banks in reaching to the poor and needy sections of the society. The insights from this paper can help the policymakers to craft innovative schemes which enable these banks to reach the most inaccessible customers in rural areas. Keywords Regional Rural Banks, deposit mobilizations, credit expansion, financial inclusion, loan recovery.

scholarly journals Panoramic Radiographic Assessment of Agenesis of Mandibular Third Molars: A Hospital Based Study in Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (217) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Regmee ◽  
Jyotsna Rimal ◽  
Ichha Kumar Maharjan ◽  
Surya Raj Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Introduction: Racial variation, genetic inheritance and various other factors can affect the jaw size and ultimately the tooth size and number. Studies for agenesis of mandibular third molars (M3s) have been carried out in various populations but data relating to these are not evident from most of the parts of Nepal. Hence, the objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of agenesis among the population of patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of this institute. The study also sought the odds of agenesis of M3 in one side when there was missing M3 on the other side of the mandible. Methods: This study was conducted after the approval from Institutional Review Committee of BPKIHS. Two hundred and eighty four patients (568 sites of M3, bilaterally), visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were studied with Panoramic Radiograph to assess for agenesis of mandibular third molars, bilaterally. Percentage of agenesis was calculated and chi square test was applied where relevant. Odds ratio was also calculated. Results: Agenesis was seen in 28.7% of the participants. The Odds of M3 being missing on one side with concurrent missing M3 on the other side was 40.27 (Confidence Interval 19.34 to 83.87). Conclusions: Agenesis was highly prevalent in this study group. The likelihood of M3 being absent on one side, when there was concurrent missing M3 on the other side of mandible was also high.

The Correlation of Pregnant Women's Knowledge Regarding Cosmetics and the Use of Face Cream

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1330-1332
Author(s):  
T. Yubiah ◽  
N. Sulami ◽  
Nurha edah
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Women's Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Women’S Knowledge

Background: The knowledge of pregnant women about cosmetics' dangers is still shallow; this is because pregnant women mostly have never consulted a dermatologist regarding the cosmetic products they use. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge about cosmetics and the use of facial cream. Method: This research applied an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The study samples were 40 pregnant women taken from a population of 44 pregnant women who used facial cream with Slovin formula and a purposive sampling technique that met the inclusion criteria. The instrument used questionnaires. Results: Data analyzed by the Chi-Square test showed bivariate results (ρ = 0.001) <0.05 indicating that there were relationships between 2 variables. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was a relationship between maternal knowledge about cosmetics and the use of facial cream in the Bre Village of Palibelo Primary Health Center in 2017. Keywords: Knowledge, Pregnant women, Cosmetics

scholarly journals Performance verification of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection by using four chemiluminescence immunoassay systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
Yafang Wan ◽  
Zhijie Li ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Pu Liao
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Detection System ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the analytical performance of seven kits for detecting IgM/IgG antibodies against coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by using four chemiluminescence immunoassay systems. Methods Fifty patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 130 controls without coronavirus infection from the General Hospital of Chongqing were enrolled in the current retrospective study. Four chemiluminescence immunoassay systems, including seven IgM/IgG antibody detection kits for SARS-CoV-2 (A_IgM, A_IgG, B_IgM, B_IgG, C_IgM, C_IgG and D_Ab), were employed to detect antibody concentrations. The chi-square test, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden’s index were determined to verify the cut-off value of each detection system. Results The repeatability verification results of the A, B, C and D systems are all qualified. D_Ab performed best (92% sensitivity and 99.23% specificity), and B_IgM performed worse than the other systems. Except for the A_IgM and C_IgG systems, the optimal diagnostic thresholds and cut-off values of the other kits and their recommendations are inconsistent with each other. B_IgM had the worst AUC, and C_IgG had the best diagnostic accuracy. More importantly, the B_IgG system had the highest false-positive rate for testing patients with AIDS, tumours and pregnancies. The A_IgM system test showed the highest false-positive rates among elderly individuals over 90 years old. COVID-2019 IgM/IgG antibody test systems exhibit performance differences. Conclusions The Innodx Biotech Total Antibody serum diagnosis kit is the most reliable detection system for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which can be used together with nucleic acid tests as an alternative method for SARS-CoV-2 detecting.

scholarly journals The Chi-Square test: a frequency data based statistical device

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical Researchers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control And Eradication

“Cause Effect” relationships are very important and play a most vital and significant role in medical researchers to reveal efficacy of medication as preventive and curative measures towards control and eradication of various diseases and morbidity factors. The present paper, in this direction is an attempt to highlight the main applicability of - test ( chi- square test ) ; a most appropriate statistical device in testing statistical significance of the above mentioned relationships in studying impact of one on the other ; supplemented by a few citations thereof.

scholarly journals Level of Satisfaction in the Use of the Wraparound Hawley and Thermoplastic Maxillary Retainers

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenilson Silva Chagas ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽  
Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Luiz Filiphe Gonçalves Canuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the level of satisfaction in the use of wraparound Hawley and thermoplastic maxillary retainers. Materials and Methods The study sample included 70 orthodontic patients (24 males and 46 females), who were in the retention stage (mean age = 20.80 years). All patients wore the two types of maxillary retainer for 1 month each, along with a 3×3 fixed mandibular retainer. After the use of each retainer, the patients responded to a questionnaire evaluating the level of satisfaction with their use of the maxillary retainer. Intergroup comparison was performed by independent t tests. Chi-square test was used to evaluate preference for the type of retainer by gender. Results The thermoplastic retainer was better for swallowing and the wraparound Hawley appliance was better for hygiene and durability. The other factors evaluated (adaptation, speech, comfort, esthetics, satisfaction, and fitting) did not show significant differences between the retainers. There was also no significant difference in preference for the appliances. Conclusions Regarding the overall satisfaction and the preference, there was no difference between the wraparound Hawley and thermoplastic retainers. The wraparound Hawley appliance was better in hygiene and resistance than the thermoplastic retainer; and the thermoplastic appliance was better than the wraparound Hawley for swallowing fluids and saliva.

scholarly journals Comparing the Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck Between the Teachers of Physical Education and Other Majors in High Schools of Tehran City, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Elham Rahimipour Najafabadi ◽  
◽  
Reza Rajabi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Alizade ◽  
Ali Mirabedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MDs) largely contribute to occupational diseases in the workplace. Prevention from these disorders requires their evaluation in different occupations. This study aimed to compare the MDs of the neck between the teachers of Physical Education (PE) and those of the other majors in the high schools of Tehran City, Iran. Methods: The study sample included 180 teachers of mathematics, PE, and the religion and lifestyle in the high schools of Tehran (with the Mean±SD age of 42.11±6.65 years, and the Mean±SD weight of 72.28±12.98 kg). The participants were selected from 19 districts of the Tehran Departments of Education using multistage cluster sampling. The standard Nordic questionnaire was administered to investigate MDs among the teachers. The obtained data were analyzed with the Chi-square test to compare the MDs of the neck between the three groups of teachers. Results: A significant relationship was observed between the neck problems of the female (P=0.016) and male (P=0.017) PE teachers and the other teachers. Moreover, the neck problems were associated with the teaching experience (P=0.024) and teaching major (P=0.004). Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that regular exercise can reduce the developing risk of MDs in the neck. Thus, this study recommends the performance of regular exercise and the correction of job-related postures to all teachers.

scholarly journals SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY DEFINED MARKETS USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE SALE OF CONSTRUCTION FINANCING IN RURAL AREAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Christian Enz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Business ◽  
Interest Policy ◽  
Chi Square Test

Private mortgage lending business is an important business segment for retail banks. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, the comparatively low risk. On the one hand, because many years of experience in this segment enable optimal risk management. On the other hand, the financed properties also provide optimum security. Due to the small size of this business segment, private construction financing was unattractive for major banks for a long time. On the other hand, this division was a core business for regional banks and savings banks. However, as a result of the banking crisis in 2007 and 2008 and the ECB’s ongoing low-interest policy, the private mortgage lending sector is now attractive to all market participants. This is reflected in fiercer competition. The importance of customer communication has therefore also increased in the advertising for new business. Since financial and personnel resources are limited, corporate communications are faced with the challenge of addressing potential customers as efficiently as possible. Communication science has already developed a number of concepts for optimal, integrated communication. These are based on average consumers. Against the background of possible regional deviations in media usage and consumer behaviour, this work explains that banks and savings banks with a regionally defined business area should set different priorities within the communications mix than suprare­gional providers. To this end, a field study was conducted in rural areas of the Nuremberg metro­politan region and analysed using a chi-square test. The study revealed the continuing importance of branches and personal advice, despite increasing digitalisation. At the same time, the necessity of closely networking stationary sales and online offers in rural areas becomes clear.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN FREKUENSI PENIMBANGAN, PENGGUNAAN GARAM BERYODIUM, DAN PEMBERIAN VITAMIN A DENGAN KEJADIAN UNDERWEIGHT PADA BALITA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Nafijah Muliah ◽  
Agus Sri Wardoyo ◽  
Trias Mahmudiono
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
The Relationship

The are many causes of nutritional problems, including lack of food intake, illness, caring pattern and many other causes, one of the problems that often happen is the children had not weighed regularly. Iodine is one of the nutrients associated with the growth of children. On the other hand, children who are suffering from malnutrition usually also hasVitamin A defi ciency as a result of their lack of nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the frequency of weighting, the use of iodized salt, and Vitamin A supplementation with underweight among children under fi ve in East Java Province. This study was secondary data analysis from Monitoring of Nutritional Status (MNS) in East Java, 2016. The sample of this study were 10.440 households with children under fi ve. 18.5% children under fi ve in East Java were underweight, 2% overweight, and 79.5% were normal. Distribution of frequency were performed as univariate statistical analysis and the relationship between variables were analyzed by chi-square test. The odd ratio were analyze by logistic regression. There was signifi cant correlation between blue-colored vitamin A supplementation (p < 0.001;OR = 0.638;95%CI:0.580-0.78w2) with underweight. However, there was no correlationbetween weighing frequency (p = 0,729) and the use of iodized salt (p = 0,620) with underweight. The conclusion of this study highlight that there was correlation between Vitamin A supplementation with underweight in East Java.

11 FERTILITY OF FRESH AND FROZEN - THAWED EPIDIDYMAL STALLION SPERM WITH OR WITHOUT EXPOSURE TO SEMINAL PLASMA

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Heise ◽  
D. Gerber ◽  
D. H. Volkmann ◽  
W. Kähn ◽  
N. K. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Chi Square Test

The aim of this study was to determine if the addition of equine seminal plasma to epididymal semen enhances its fertility before or after freezing. Thirty-two mares were randomly assigned to 5 stallions; 3 stallions were kept in Pretoria, each having 7 mares, and 2 stallions were kept at Cornell, one having 6 mares and the other 5. Mares were synchronized using 10 daily IM progesterone and estradiol injections; an Ovuplant® implant (26 mg of deslorelin; Peptech Animal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia) was inserted under the mucosa of the vaginal vestibulum once a follicle reached a diameter of 35 mm; implants were removed after ovulation. Mares were inseminated 30 h after implant insertion. Each insemination dose consisted of 200 million progressively motile sperm and was deposited into the uterine body. Following insemination, mares were examined for ovulation at 6 hourly intervals. Fourteen days after ovulation, mares were examined for pregnancy by transrectal ultrasonography and treated with PGF2α to induce the next estrus. Seminal plasma was collected from the stallions used in the trial prior to castration, frozen, and stored. In Pretoria, stallions were castrated and one epididymal tail was flushed with seminal plasma and the other with skim milk extender; in the first cycle, half of the mares were inseminated with one of the two sperm samples. In Cornell, testes of each stallion were removed 3 weeks apart, and all mares were inseminated first with one and 3 weeks later with the other semen sample. Mares were inseminated during consecutive estrous cycles using the following sperm types: fresh epididymal sperm that had been exposed to seminal plasma (G1: 4 mares per stallion in Pretoria, 6 and 5 mares per stallion at Cornell); fresh epididymal sperm that had never been exposed to seminal plasma (G2: 3 mares per stallion in Pretoria, 6 and 5 mares per stallion at Cornell); frozen–thawed ejaculated sperm (G3); frozen–thawed epididymal sperm that had been exposed to seminal plasma prior to freezing (G4); and frozen–thawed epididymal sperm that had never been exposed to seminal plasma (G5). The results of inseminations with fresh epididymal semen (G1–2) of 5 stallions and the preliminary results of inseminations with frozen–thawed epididymal semen (G3–5) of 2 stallions are summarized in the Table 1. Cycles where ovulation did not occur within 12 h after insemination were excluded. The pregnancy rate of mares inseminated with fresh epididymal sperm of G1 was significantly higher (chi-square test; P &lt; 0.05) than that of mares of G2. The pregnancy rate of mares inseminated with frozen–thawed ejaculated semen (G3) was similar to that of mares inseminated with frozen–thawed epididymal semen of G4 and G5 (P = 0.3). Based on these preliminary results, we conclude that the fertility of fresh epididymal sperm can be enhanced by exposure to equine seminal plasma. To determine if the same holds true for frozen–thawed epididymal sperm, more inseminations must be performed. Table 1.Results of inseminations with various semen types

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