scholarly journals Perceptions about malaria among the Bedia tribal people in Uttar-Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumar Paul ◽  
Pramukh Bhattacharyya ◽  
Rituparna Bhattacharyya ◽  
Arup Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Tropical Country

Background: In a tropical country like India, malaria is a major vector borne disease ranging from highly urbanised to deep rural areas. Though lots of health activities are going on against it in urban areas it is difficult to penetrate the deep rural areas particularly the tribal based interior villages because of lack of initiative, huge illiteracy, gross poverty and language problems. Therefore, a study was ventured in a rural community in North Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India occupied by members of scheduled tribe called 'Bedia' whose mother tongue is a tribal language called 'Nagori'- to understand their knowledge and perceptions about malaria so that future actions can be taken to uplift their health status and awareness particularly in relation to malaria.Methods: Present study have conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs), one with male participants, one with females and the third one involving both the sexes. There were 9-11 participants per FGD and total of 28 participants were included in the study.Results: The transcripts were at first coded and then categories were framed. Total six categories, which are: perceived causes of malaria, perceived features of malaria, mode of spread, treatment, difficulties and modes of prevention. After the content analysis of the transcripts conclusion was drawn.Conclusions: Through our field work and the focus group discussions on the Bedia tribes we understood several misconceptions and lack of awareness of the tribal community about malaria. However, it was possible to create awareness and confidence among them that they could take all preventive measures and positive approaches towards malaria.

scholarly journals Women Who Study in Madrasah School Experienced Higher Number of Female Circumcision Compared to Western or English Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmah Lao Manalocon- Basher
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Female Circumcision ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
External Genital Organs

Female circumcision refers to the procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female external genital organs. The reasons for doing this vary but it is commonly observed in places where Muslims predominate. The study is intended to determine: 1) the rate of females who had undergone female circumcision in Madrasah School compared to those who went to English schools, 2) the prevalence rate of female circumcision among Meranaos, and 3) the practices and experiences of women who have undergone FC. The study utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods using a designed questionnaire, interview and focus group discussions with the respondents. The results showed that more girls who were studying in Madrasah have undergone this practice compared to the number of girls who are in Western or English schools. It also showed that the prevalence rate of this practice is indeed high in the rural areas, which is 86%. The practice of FC is performed either during Fridays, Holidays or Mondays and Thursdays. Each mentioned day has meanings and there are certain procedures and instructions being followed in doing the practice. In conclusion, religious justification remains the strong reason why FC is still rampantly performed in the different rural areas of Lanao del Sur, Philippines.

scholarly journals Exploring the Preparedness of Ghanaians for Retirement and Ageing: A Case Study of the Cape Coast Metropolitan Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Korkoi Aboh ◽  
Busisiwe P. Ncama
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
The Family

Introduction: There is evidence of the inability of older people in Nigeria, Ghana and other developing countries to sustain themselves through savings, assets or pensions. This situation highlights the minimal benefit of pensions, savings or assets as income sources for older people; old age very often brings poverty and disability. Methodology: A qualitative interpretive design informed the study. The study area was categorized into three distinct ecological areas namely urban, periurban and rural areas. Twenty interviews and three focus group discussions with 68 elderly persons were conducted in ten sub-districts in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. The forty-eight elderly individuals were put into groups of 8, 20 and 20 for the focus group discussions. Data was thematically analysed.Results: Four major themes and subthemes were identified to reflect the pertinent issue of exploring and defining the preparedness of people for their retirement and ageing. There was evidence that preparing for old age is not an active precedent for the people of Cape Coast and they still believe in the traditional system of caring where it is the sole responsibility of the family to care for its own aged members.Conclusion: It is evident that formal care is not practiced in Ghana and that the aged therefore find the idea bewildering. They want to experience this care, but existing norms expect the family members to single-handedly provide care for their aged.

Exploring the experience and challenges of maternity waiting homes in Jimma, southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Woubishet Girma ◽  
Dessalegn Tamiru ◽  
Mirkuzie Woldie ◽  
Ayantu Kebede ◽  
Zewdie Birhanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Maternity Waiting Homes

Background Establishing maternity waiting homes is a key strategy to address the geographic barrier to obstetric care access among women living in rural areas. In Ethiopia, maternity waiting homes have been in use for several years, with a sharp increase in the number of such facilities recently. However, there is little empirical evidence detailing the experiences and challenges faced by women during the implementation of this initiative in Ethiopia. Methods This study used a multiple case study design with qualitative data collection methods, and was conducted from October to November 2016. Data were collected using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and direct observation of each maternity waiting home. All interviews and focus group discussions were recorded using a digital voice recorder. Data were transcribed and translated into English. The coding process and formation of thematic structure was assisted by Atlas ti7.5 computer software. Results The participants reported that they were satisfied and comfortable with the services at the maternity waiting homes, as were their husbands and community leaders. Facility, social and environmental challenges were identified as common barriers to the utilisation of maternity waiting homes by stakeholders at different levels. Healthcare providers reported common challenges at maternity waiting homes include a lack of basic utilities (water and electric supply), and overcrowding because of a shortage of space and lack of medical supplies. Some women reported that poor transportation services and the distance to facilities hindered the utilisation of maternity waiting homes. Conclusions There are social and facility challenges related to the use of maternity waiting homes in Ethiopia. Policymakers and health managers should work with relevant sectors to mitigate the effect of facility, social and environmental barriers and maximise the use of maternity waiting homes.

scholarly journals A Traditional Closed-Loop Sanitation System in a Chronic Emergency: A Qualitative Study from Afghanistan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Jean Lapegue ◽  
Jutta Gutberlet ◽  
Jan Franklin Adamowski ◽  
Caetano C. Dorea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The World ◽  
Smart Community ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Sanitation Systems

The use of closed-loop sanitation systems (CLSS), or reuse-oriented sanitation systems, has increased in recent years, and such systems have been successfully implemented in many parts of the world. However, no research has explored Traditional CLSS (T-CLSS) for a long-term humanitarian situation. This study explores the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of T-CLSS in peri-urban and rural contexts in three different provinces in Afghanistan (the first study of its kind in Afghanistan). Participatory research tools, such as transect walks, focus group discussions, smart community gatherings and interactive workshops, were applied to assess the SWOT associated with T-CLSS. The results indicate that T-CLSS has been practiced historically in both peri-urban and rural areas using local and traditional knowledge, skills and technologies. The socio-cultural acceptance of the system in both rural and peri-urban areas is an important strength of this established system. However, due to chronic development challenges in the study regions, T-CLSS may possibly lead to exposure to microbial contaminants. It is recommended that the feasibility of an improved CLSS be assessed and implemented in light of the issues that are inherent in the use of T-CLSS in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Socio-cultural beliefs influence feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrence Urielle Amoussou Lokossou ◽  
Ayuk Betrand Tambe ◽  
Colette Azandjèmè ◽  
Xikombiso Mbhenyane
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

Abstract Background Malnutrition is a major public health problem. It contributes to the high death rate among children in developing countries despite the various advocacies of institutions such as WHO and FAO and many other organisations. More research needs to be done in order to contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study was to explore socio-cultural practices and their influence on feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin. Methods A qualitative research methodology was used with an inductive approach. A pretested discussion guide was used to conduct focus group discussions with participants in their local language. Four focus group discussions were held in 4 villages located in both the rural and the semi-urban areas with each focus group comprising seven to eight participants. The study protocol was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed and translated to English. The data was analysed following the Creswell data analysis steps. Results All the children were breastfed, and 56.1% of children under 6 months received breast milk exclusively. Children were introduced to family foods at 5 months with very low consumption of animal protein and fruits. Mothers and children had monotonous diets with high consumption of vegetables and maize-based meals. Food taboos, particularly during pregnancy, were revealed. Those cultural beliefs were still followed by some mothers, and food rich in nutrients were pushed aside. Conclusions There is a need for educational interventions to raise awareness of the negative impacts of some socio-cultural practices on the health of the mother and child.

scholarly journals Factors Shaping Uptake of Antenatal Care in Surabaya Municipality, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jones ◽  
Nyoman Anita Damayanti ◽  
Nicola Wiseman ◽  
Neil Harris
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Return Visits

Five focus group discussions (FGDs) with 61 pregnant women were conducted in June and July 2019 at primary health care (PHC) services within five urban areas of Surabaya, Indonesia. In addition, five semi-structured interviews with five midwives were carried out to explore the experiences of pregnant women accessing Antenatal Care (ANC) and the factors shaping uptake of ANC services. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from focus group discussions suggested that fears of negative diagnosis before initial ANC appointment and personal beliefs and myths surrounding pregnancy may delay uptake of ANC. Further, the influence of husbands, family, and friends and long waiting times with overcrowding leading to limited seating shaped timely access and return visits. In addition, feeling comfortable with the quality of the service and receiving a friendly service from the practitioners assisted women in feeling comfortable to return. Finally, midwives acknowledged feeling afraid of being referred to a hospital if deemed a high-risk pregnancy-shaped return ANC visits. The findings highlighted several factors needing to be addressed to increase the promptness of first ANC visits and ensure return visits to achieve great ANC coverage.

scholarly journals Social and cultural factors perpetuating early marriage in rural Gambia: an exploratory mixed methods study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Mat Lowe ◽  
Mamsamba Joof ◽  
Bomar Mendez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Informant

Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.

scholarly journals Speakers’ evaluations of the Estonian and the Russian languages in Tallinn: between linguistic stability and interethnic tension

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Soler Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article presents some preliminary results from field-work (observatory participation, in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions) conducted mainly in Tallinn both with Estonians and Russophones, i.e. it represents work in progress, as this data is currently under review. However, before going into the presentation and analysis of these results, I will set up the framework that will let us have a more specific idea about how to read the results, and also, I will give a description of the methodological tools I used to obtain the available data. Finally, at the end of the article, I shall close with the most relevant conclusions we can arrive at, while at the same time giving some suggestions for further inquiry

scholarly journals PEMETAAN POTENSI EKONOMI KAMPUNG ISLAM KEPAON (Studi kasus di Kampung Islam Kepaon, Desa Pemogan, Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan, Provinsi Bali)

Dialogia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Riza Wulandari ◽  
Ni Nyoman Wulan Antari
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Villages

Abstract:The rapid growing of urban industrial sector require villages in urban areas having various ways to survive for life. Recently, urban villages do not have distinctive characteristics. They are gradually eroded by the presence of elite housing as a result of the resolution of the kampongs. The purpose of this research is to map the economic potential of the Kepaon Islamic Village which is located in the majority Hindu circumstances. Rapid Rural Apraissal was employed as a method in solving problems and the data were collected by Focus Group discussions, interviews and mini surveys. The results of this study showed that in addition to the social, cultural and religious potential,  there is economic potential in the form of Mukena Bali Business that can strengthen the identity of Kepaon Islamic Village in the midst of the Hindu community.ملخص:تطور مجال الصناعيات المدنية أصبح تطورا هائلاما يلزم سكان القرية الواقعة في المدينة البقاء على قيد الحياة حارصين على سبيل العيش بمختلف طرقه، فكلما حركة القرية المدنية تبقى جامدة أي لا تملك مميزات خاصة كانت امكانيتها الاقتصادية تنخفض وتنحدر، ولاسيما إذ بناء المنازل الفاخرة تستمر تلبية لأمنية مستقبلية بدعم من بيئة تمنع أهلها لاستظهار هويته. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد امكانيات اقتصادية في قرية المسلمين قرية كفاؤون حيث إنهم يعيشون في وسط مناطق مجتمع المتمسكين بديانة الهنود في الأغلب. Rapid Rural Apraissal عبارة عن طريقة تحليل المسألة بوسيلة جمع البيانات، والحوار، والاستطلاع. وتتضح نيتجة الدراسة بأن إمكانيات سكان قرية كفاؤون ليست مقصورة على ناحية اجتماعية، وثقافية، ودينية فحسب وإنما امتدت إلى امكانيات اقتصادية قادرة على تقوية هوية سكان قرية كفاؤون وسط مجتمع الهنود، وتلك امكانية اقتصادية تأتي على انتاج ملابس دينية.Abstrak: Sektor industrial perkotaan semakin berkembang pesat mengharuskan kampung yang ada di perkotaan harus memiliki berbagai cara untuk tetap bertahan untuk hidup. Semakin kampung kota tidak memiliki ciri khas, lambat laun akan semakin tergerus dengan hadirnya perumahan-perumahan elite wujud dari resolusi kampung kota didukung pula dengan lingkungan yang bukan menjadi jati diri mereka. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan potensi ekonomi dari Kampung Islam Kepaon yang berada di lingkungan mayoritas agama Hindu.Rapid Rural Apraissal merupakan metode dalam penyelesaian masalah dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa focus group discussion, wawancara dan mini survey. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah selain potensi yang telah dimiliki oleh Kampung Islam Kepaon yaitu potensi sosial, budaya dan religi, ternyata terdapat potensi ekonomi yang dapat memperkuat identitas kampung Islam kepaon di tengah masyarakat umat Hindu yakni usaha mukena bali.

scholarly journals Social and cultural factors perpetuating early marriage in rural Gambia: an exploratory mixed methods study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Mat Lowe ◽  
Mamsamba Joof ◽  
Bomar Mendez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Informant

Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.

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