scholarly journals Risk factors of breast cancer among women admitted to a tertiary care hospital: a case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4316
Author(s):  
Jaideep Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Padmaja R Walvekar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Community Controls

Background: Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer in women. Regional assessment of risk factors may help to increase awareness and management of breast cancer. The aim was to evaluate the risk factors of breast cancer among women.Methods: A total of 210 women were included with 42 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases, and 84 women each as hospital and community controls. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Multinomial logistic regression and odd’s ratio was used to find the association of risk factors with breast cancer. The association between the risk factors and breast cancer was analyzed using chi-square test.Results: The most prevalent age-group was 41–50 years. Significant association was observed between breast cancer and area of residence, religion, education, occupation, type of family, socioeconomic status, attainment of menopause, and breastfeeding when compared among cases and community controls (p<0.05). Significant association was observed between breast cancer and education, occupation, socioeconomic status, attainment of menopause, age at first child, breast feeding, and body mass index among cases and hospital controls (p<0.05). The risk of breast cancer was more in illiterates, women who attained menopause, women in joint family, and high socioeconomic class women when compared among cases and hospital controls and community controls.Conclusions: The important risk factors of breast cancer include literacy level, occupation and socioeconomic status, attainment of menopause, and breastfeeding. There is a strong need for general public-awareness policies and programs to reduce the prevalence, risks, morbidity, and mortality. 

scholarly journals Ischemic stroke: Observations and analysis of stroke patients admitted in a tertiary hospital of Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Dipesh Shakya ◽  
Rabindra Shrestha ◽  
Krishna Dhungana ◽  
Raisha Kafle ◽  
Sabnam Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Background: Stroke is a disabling condition that has physical and mental impact on a patient’s life. Stroke is an important morbidity for low and middle income countries like Nepal. Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are common risk factors in this regard and are inadequately controlled; mainly because of poor public awareness, inadequate infrastructure, lack of service and qualified manpower.Objectives: This study aims to provide insight into the epidemiology and risk factors in ischemic stroke patients.Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 92 ischemic stroke patients at a tertiary care hospital Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (KMCTH), Sinamangal, Nepal from December 2017 to June 2018. Consecutive sampling technique was used and data was collected from ischemic stroke patients above 14 years of age who were admitted in the Department of Neurology. Information regarding pre-morbid and morbid conditions, imaging findings as well as results was obtained from biochemical analysis of blood after taking consent from the patient or patient’s relative. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20 was used as a tool for statistical analysis.Results: Their mean age was 63.25 years with standard deviation of 16.45. Dyslipidemia was the most commonly found risk factor which was present in 77.2% of the subjects, followed by smoking (59.8%), presence of carotid artery atherosclerosis (59.8%), hypertension (50%), atrial fibrillation (26.1%) and diabetes mellitus(15.2%). Smoking was significant in males and heart disease was mostly seen in females.Conclusion: Dyslipidemia and smoking were the most common risk factors followed by carotid artery atherosclerosis. Patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia had higher incidence of stroke in both young and elderly group.

scholarly journals Risk factor stratification in breast cancer - a tertiary care analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Aadhyyanth R Allu ◽  
Jayaganesh ◽  
Senthil Kumar A C
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The 1960S

Breast cancer is a very common malignancy diagnosed in India and is the most common cancer in women in India. The morbidity and mortality burden of malignancy in India ranks one of the highest in the world. India has a network of cancer registries, a process which has expanded since the 1960s and has new initiatives such as cancer atlas and online software programmes. The  burden  of  breast  cancer  is on  the  rise  in  both  developed  and  developing  countries. The objectives were to identify and study the risk factors for breast cancer among women attending Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai and to study the association between risk factors and breast cancer. The case control study was conducted on 110 cases and 110 controls. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Statistical Analysis was done using MS Excel 2007 and Chi Square test was also used. Of the parameters studied, residence, family history, parity, duration of breast feeding and oral contraceptive use were found to be associated with breast cancer and were statistically significant (p<0.05). The findings suggest that positive family history, nulliparity, duration of breast feeding and OCP use may have an impact on breast cancer in Indian women. Hence screening and creation of awareness may help in decreasing mortality.

scholarly journals Incidence and Patient Profile of Carcinoma Breast Patients Presenting in Surgical OPD in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Sharmistha Roy ◽  
Mosammat Mira Pervin ◽  
Mohd Mejbahul Bahar ◽  
Samiron Kumar Mondal ◽  
Md Tariq Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Patient Profile

Breast cancer is one of the common cancers in women that causes financial health burden and or death in Bangladesh. Economically we are slowly rising from low to middle income country, which is changing our women's lifestyle. Risk factors of breast cancer include lifestyle factors like- age at first childbirth, parity, using oral contraceptives, BMI; which are also changing in our women. This study will look at our current incidence and patient profile of breast cancer patient. This is a retrospective study done in BIRDEM General Hospital. One hundred patient presenting with breast lump during the period of September 2018 -May 2019 were selected by purposive sampling. In <30 years age group 2 (13.6%) patient had cancer, 41% at <40 years, 53% in 51-60 , 83% in 61-70 age group. Thirty four out of 100 breast lump patient were diagnosed with cancer. Eleven had early cancer, 20 had locally advanced cancer, 3 presented with metastasis. In our study risk factor assessment did not show significant increase risk of in patients who are having cancer compared to those having benign breast disease with similar risk factors. The big number of advance and metastatic breast cancers in our study indicates self-breast examination and breast cancer screening program is still inadequate. Further research is required to find out breast cancer biology and pathogenesis rather than blindly accusing urbanized life style. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2020;15(2): 65-68

scholarly journals Frequency of anemia and causative risk factors in patients presenting to tertiary care hospital: A cross sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1966-1970
Author(s):  
Saima Yasmin Qadir ◽  
Hajira Sultana ◽  
Saima Ashraf ◽  
Shazia Siddiq ◽  
Asia Fayyaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical University

Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia and its causative risk factors in patients attending the gynecology outpatient department of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Gynecology Outpatient Department attendees of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital. Period: 1st September to 31st December 2019. Material & Methods: Total 361 females between 19-49 years of age were enrolled and included those patients who consented to be tested for blood hemoglobin estimation. Their brief history was taken after proper consent according to predesigned proforma to rule out the risk factors. Patients with chronic kidney disease, chronic lung diseases and liver diseases were excluded. Blood test was done by obtaining the blood sample by finger prick method. Hemoglobin analysis was performed by portable Hemocueanalyser. Frequency of anemia, severity of anemia and their stratification was performed against the risk factors like age, educational status, socioeconomic status, status of pregnancy, parity and contraception were obtained to rule the causative factors. Anemia was defined per standard criteria as hemoglobin less than 11gm/dl. Results:  Majority of patients 65% were between 19-35 years of age and 34% were 36-49years of age. Frequency of pregnant patients and non-pregnant patients was 63.4% and 36.6%.  Frequency of anemia was 56.8%, mean hemoglobin 10.48±1.18 with mild, moderate and severe anemia were 36.8%, 17.2% and 2.8%. Majority of females 82.9%, never went to school and had primary education, 71.70% belong to very poor and poor socioeconomic status, 79.02% were multipara and 81.95% never and infrequently practiced the contraceptive methods. Conclusion:  Frequency of anemia is very high in females presenting to tertiary care hospital being more common in younger age group. Frequent pregnancies, poor socioeconomic status and low level of educational attainment were the major determinants of anemia in females.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with carcinoma breast: a case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palachandra A. ◽  
Ishwaraprasad G. D. ◽  
Sreelatha C. Y. ◽  
Sumana M.
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Control Study

Background: The burden of breast cancer is increasing in both developed and developing countries; the peak occurrence of breast cancer in developed countries is above the age of 50 whereas in India it is above the age of 40. Reproductive factors contribute most to the development of breast cancer. Nulliparity, more age at first live birth and no breastfeeding are major reproductive risk factors for breast cancer in the developed countries. The role of reproductive factors in the development of breast cancer in Indian population is different as compared with that seen in the western population. Objective of this study was to find out some of the various risk factors of breast cancer among patients attending the tertiary care hospital in Hassan.Methods: The case control study was conducted at surgery wards of Sri Chamarajendra district hospital which is a teaching hospital. The calculated number of cases was 110, including 110 controls total 220 individuals were included in the study. A case was defined as any female patient histopathologically confirmed to have breast cancer.Results: The maximum cases (38%) were between 51 to 60 years of age group. Age at menarche, age at first child birth, age at marriage and age at menopause reported significant risk for breast cancer.Conclusions: Information, education and communication activities regarding these risk factors, early signs and symptoms of breast carcinoma, and breast self‑examination should be imparted to the women to create awareness about this fatal disease.

scholarly journals Perception of Genital Cancer among Women attending the OPD of Tertiary Care Hospital in Old part of Dhaka City

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Nasreen Sultana ◽  
Hosne Ara Begum ◽  
Najmun Nahar ◽  
Asma Jesmin ◽  
Ismat Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Genital Cancer

Genital cancer is increasing day by day in Bangladesh. Among those cervical cancer is the most common constituting about 22-29% throughout the country. Breast cancer is the second most common cause and it is about 13-17% of the female cancer. In Bangladesh, risk factors for cervical cancer are related to early marriage, early sexual activities, multiparity, STD,s and low socioeconomic condition. Lack of knowledge about the risk factors is also an important determinant behind the incidence of these cancers. With the objectives to assess whether they can mention the name of female genital cancer and risk factors for those cancers, this study was conducted. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study. Total 297 women attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit of Dhaka National Medical College Hospital were interviewed with a preset questionnaire during a period of January to March 2009.Results: About 85.8% of women could mention that they had heard of genital cancers. Among those they mentioned the name of uterus (65%), cervix (5.5%) and breast (29.5%). None of them could mention ovarian or other genital cancers. Among them only 19.2% mentioned the risk factors. Risk factors they mentioned were genital infection (15.79%), OCP (21.93%), multiple sexual partners (10.53%), white discharge (21.93%), repeated MR (12.28%), many children in early age (8.77%), no breast feeding (8.77%). They heard of cancer from various sources such as media (43.14%), relative (30.20%), doctors and other service providers (18.80%), patients (5.90%) and book (1.96%).This study found that majority of women know about the genital cancer and all of them were eager to learn more about genital cancers and their prevention. Cervical and breast cancer screening program is started in Bangladesh. There is also media campaign. Awareness development, supervised screening set up and monitoring can reduce the preventable genital cancers in our country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v17i1.12183 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2011; 17 (01): 4-7

scholarly journals A retrospective study of serious adverse drug reactions and associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Smita Shenoy ◽  
Mohit Gupta ◽  
Sadhana Holla ◽  
Madhurima Home ◽  
Harish Thanusubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) cause physical, psychological and economic harm to patients and society. This study was undertaken to understand serious ADRs in a tertiary care hospital and risk factors associated with it.Methods: The serious adverse reactions that occurred over a one-year period were assessed. The serious adverse drug reactions, action taken, outcome, predictability, suspect drug, causality, patient demographics and risk factors for the reaction was collected. Chi-square test was applied for observing relationships of predisposing factors for serious ADRs.Results: Out of a total of 984 reported adverse drug reactions, 94 (9.55%) were serious. Hematological disorders (41.05%) were the common serious ADRs followed by electrolyte disturbances (18.94%). Anticancer agents were the suspect drugs for majority of serious ADRs. Serious ADRs contributed to 39 (0.05%) admissions in the hospital. Recovery occurred in 97.87% of the patients. The causality was possible in 91.48% (n=86) and probable in 8.51% (n=8) of the serious adverse drug reactions. Males, patients even with a single concomitant disease and those with more than 2 concomitant medications were at increased risk (p<0.05) for developing serious ADRs.Conclusions: Serious ADRs are a significant problem in health care. Measures should be taken to detect and treat them at the earliest to reduce suffering of the patient.

scholarly journals Risk factors, bacteriological profile and outcome of surgical site infections following orthopaedic surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Murugharaj Suranigi ◽  
SR Ramya ◽  
C Sheela Devi ◽  
Reba Kanungo ◽  
Syed Najimudeen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Superficial Skin

Background and Objectives: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a challenge for the surgeon. Incidence of SSI reported in literature varies from 0.5% to 15%. Severity of SSI ranges from superficial skin infection to life-threatening condition like septicaemia. It is responsible for increased morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to the hospital in general, and the patient in particular. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors, bacteriological profile, length of hospitalization, and cost due to orthopaedic SSI in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective case control study. Cases were diagnosed based on CDC definition of nosocomial SSI. All cases were assessed preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively, according to type of surgery, wound class, duration of operation, antimicrobial prophylaxis, use of drain, preoperative hospital stay, causative micro organism, total hospital stay, re-admission rates and cost incurred. Age, sex and surgical procedure matched controls without SSI, were also assessed. Chi- square test and Fisher's exact test were used for analysis. P= <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 1023 patients, 47 cases had SSI, with a rate of 4.6%. Cigarette smoking was a risk factor for SSI (P = 0.0035). The most common etiologic agents were Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Incidence of re- admission among SSI cases was more compared to controls (P= 0.0001). Costs attributable to SSI (Indian Rupees) was Rs 32,542 (17,054 to 87,514) which was significantly more than those without SSI (P= <0.001). Conclusion: Despite latest surgical amenities, meticulous sterilization protocols and pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis, SSI continues to be present in healthcare settings. The increase in duration of hospital stay due to SSI adds to additional burden to an already resource-constrained healthcare system.

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