Epidemiology of preoperative hyperglycaemia among patients undergoing surgery at a tertiary health care facility of Eastern India

Background: With about 425 million patients globally and 72.9 million patients in India, diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health emergency of 21st century. Perioperative hyperglycaemia is reported in 20-40% of patients undergoing general surgery. A substantial body of literature demonstrates a clear association between perioperative hyperglycaemia and adverse clinical outcomes. This study aims to find out the frequency of preoperative hyperglycaemia and factors influencing it among patients undergoing surgery at a tertiary health care hospital of Eastern India.Methods: This Institution based, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among study subjects who were operated at IQ City Medical College and Multispecialty Hospital, Durgapur, India during January-February 2019. Relevant medical records were reviewed to collect data regarding clinic-social data. Estimation of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) has been done as per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Hyperglycaemia was defined and classified as per American Diabetes Association (ADA). Anthropometric measurements were taken as per standard WHO protocols.Results: A total 158 study subjects participated in study. The mean age and mean FPG of the study subjects was 42.63±12.95 years and 103.3±17.37 mg/dl respectively. As per the ADA criteria, 58.9% had normal FPG, 24.0% had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 17.1% had diabetes. Out of total 27 T2DM patients, 22 (13.9%) were known cases of T2DM and 5 (3.2%) were undiagnosed. The frequency of preoperative hyperglycaemia i.e. sums of IFG and diabetes was found to be 41.1%. Increasing age, male gender and overweight and obesity significantly influenced the occurrence of preoperative hyperglycaemia.Conclusions: The prevalence of preoperative hyperglycaemia among patients undergoing surgery is higher than the prevalence of hyperglycaemia among non surgical patients. Routine HbA1C should be done in all surgical patients to differentiate between chronic undiagnosed hyperglycaemia and stress hyperglycaemia.

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Socio-demographic factors associated with low birth weight in a tertiary care hospital of Odisha

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181493 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1797

Author(s):

Pradip Kumar Bhue ◽

Himansu Prasad Acharya ◽

Subrat Kumar Pradhan ◽

Pratima Biswal ◽

Amit Pritam Swain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Health Organization

Background: World Health Organization has defined low birth weight (LBW) as birth weight less than 2,500 grams. Giving birth to a LBW infant is influenced by several factors. Objective of the study was to measure the proportion of low birth weight babies delivered in V.S.S medical college and hospital, Burla and its association with socio-demographic factors.Methods: Hospital based cross -sectional study comprising of 1030 postnatal women who delivered single live baby in V.S.S Medical College and Hospital, Burla. Selection of study participants was done by systematic random sampling in the study period October 2012 to September 2014. Chi-square test was used to measure association between LBW and socio-demographic factors.Results: The proportion of LBW was found to be 27.76%. The proportion of LBW babies was high and significant in extremes of age i.e. teenage (44.19%) and 30 years and above age group (39.56%) and Muslim mothers (36.36%), illiterate mothers (53.52 %), manual labourer (67.14%), socioeconomic class IV and V (32.98%), consanguinity history (60.58%), smoky fuel (30.02%), consumption of tobacco (49.11%).Conclusions: The proportion of LBW (27.76%) was found to be higher than national average (21.5%).

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Feasibility Study of the World Health Organization Health Care Facility-Based Antimicrobial Stewardship Toolkit for Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9090556 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 556

Author(s):

Gina Maki ◽

Ingrid Smith ◽

Sarah Paulin ◽

Linda Kaljee ◽

Watipaso Kasambara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facility ◽

World Health ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has emerged as a systematic approach to optimize antimicrobial use and reduce antimicrobial resistance. To support the implementation of AMS programs, the World Health Organization developed a draft toolkit for health care facility AMS programs in low- and middle-income countries. A feasibility study was conducted in Bhutan, the Federated States of Micronesia, Malawi, and Nepal to obtain local input on toolkit content and implementation of AMS programs. This descriptive qualitative study included semi-structured interviews with national- and facility-level stakeholders. Respondents identified AMS as a priority and perceived the draft toolkit as a much-needed document to further AMS program implementation. Facilitators for implementing AMS included strong national and facility leadership and clinical staff engagement. Barriers included lack of human and financial resources, inadequate regulations for prescription antibiotic sales, and insufficient AMS training. Action items for AMS implementation included improved laboratory surveillance, establishment of a stepwise approach for implementation, and mechanisms for reporting and feedback. Recommendations to improve the AMS toolkit’s content included additional guidance on defining the responsibilities of the committees and how to prioritize AMS programming based on local context. The AMS toolkit was perceived to be an important asset as countries and health care facilities move forward to implement AMS programs.

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A descriptive analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns of WHO priority pathogens isolated in children from a tertiary care hospital in India

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84293-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vijayalaxmi V. Mogasale ◽

Prakash Saldanha ◽

Vidya Pai ◽

P. D. Rekha ◽

Vittal Mogasale

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facility ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Health Organization

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has articulated a priority pathogens list (PPL) to provide strategic direction to research and develop new antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of WHO PPL in a tertiary health care facility in Southern India were explored to understand the local priority pathogens. Culture reports of laboratory specimens collected between 1st January 2014 and 31st October 2019 from paediatric patients were extracted. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for selected antimicrobials on the WHO PPL were analysed and reported. Of 12,256 culture specimens screened, 2335 (19%) showed culture positivity, of which 1556 (66.6%) were organisms from the WHO-PPL. E. coli was the most common organism isolated (37%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16%). Total of 72% of E. coli were extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producers, 55% of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins due to ESBL, and 53% of Staph. aureus were Methicillin-resistant. The analysis showed AMR trends and prevalence patterns in the study setting and the WHO-PPL document are not fully comparable. This kind of local priority difference needs to be recognised in local policies and practices.

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Analysis of Essential Medicines Used for Emergency Care in Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Surgery and Medicine ◽

10.37978/pjsm.v1i1.113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 75-77

Author(s):

Talha Khalid ◽

Amna Khokhar ◽

Naseem Jehan ◽

Umar Sultan ◽

Arooj Fatima

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Essential Medicine ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Care Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), essential medicines (EM) have the ability to meet the health care needs of maximum individuals. High accessibility to essential medicines (EM) was proposed under the Millennium Development Goal. The access to high quality, suitable, and inexpensive essential medicines is an essential constituent of health care systems. Methodology: This retrospective cross-sectional observational study was performed at Jinnah Hospital Lahore from February 2018 to November 2018, for analysis of essential medicine usage in a public sector tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. The data were collected from records of patients admitted in the emergency department. Results: Drugs prescribed per encounter were estimated to be 3. Most patients got a single antibiotic, and cephalosporin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic. Conclusion: The concept of essential drugs has gained high acceptance, but the EMs should be prescribed logically, appropriately and should be in line with WHO guidelines.

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HEALTH FACILITIES (BHUS)

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2005.12.04.5081 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (04) ◽

pp. 357-363

Author(s):

MOHAMMAD AYAZ BHATTI ◽

SHABBIR AHMAD KHAN

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Facility ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facility ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Care ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Geographical Access

Objective: To measure the distance of villagesfrom the facility (BHU) and to analyze the geographical location, Pattern of Access and health facility utilization. StudyPurpose: To improve the health status of community, by improving the geographical patterns of access and healthfacility utilization in Pakistan and to provide necessary information to policy makers, planners and health care providersfor improvement of health facility utilization in Pakistan. Study Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: At UnionCouncil Gali Jagir, Tehsil Fateh Jang, District Attock. Period: From 15 Nov 1999 to 31 Dec 2000. Material & Method:Measurement of the distance from the villages to the health facility and the facility record was reviewed to assess theutilization pattern by the village population. Information about mode of travel, time for travel and cost of traveling wascollected by the key informers. Results: 22% of villages and 23% of population was situated at a distance of 3km fromthe BHU. 33% of villages and 30% of population were living within 5km. 67% of villages and 70% of population wassituated at a distance of more than 5km from BHU.The overall health facility utilization of BHU Gali Jagir is 8.34%.Discussion: The health facility utilization decreases as the distance increases. Geographical accessibility up to adistance of 3km is a new finding in the study. We have noted that majority of the villages and populations, 67% villagesand 70% population is uncovered and 33% villages’ and 30%population is under served. Conclusion: The study hasidentified the gaps in the geographical access patterns that an accessible distance is 3km instead of 5km (as acceptedby world health organization). Distance of 3km was accessible for seeking care from a public health care facility. Theover all health facility utilization was 8.32 %, which was alarmingly low.

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The Great Awakening - Digitalization in Dental Healthcare during the pandemic COVID-19

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.2730 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 380-384

Author(s):

Priyanka Paul Madhu ◽

Yojana Patil ◽

Aishwarya Rajesh Shinde ◽

Sangeeta Kumar ◽

Pratik Phansopkar

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Task Force ◽

Care Service ◽

Health Care Service ◽

Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

World Health ◽

Record System ◽

The World

disease in 2019, also called COVID-19, which has been widely spread worldwide had given rise to a pandemic situation. The public health emergency of international concern declared the agent as the (SARS-CoV-2) the severe acute respiratory syndrome and the World Health Organization had activated significant surveillance to prevent the spread of this infection across the world. Taking into the account about the rigorousness of COVID-19, and in the spark of the enormous dedication of several dental associations, it is essential to be enlightened with the recommendations to supervise dental patients and prevent any of education to the dental graduates due to institutional closure. One of the approaching expertise that combines technology, communications and health care facilities are to refine patient care, it’s at the cutting edge of the present technological switch in medicine and applied sciences. Dentistry has been improved by cloud technology which has refined and implemented various methods to upgrade electronic health record system, educational projects, social network and patient communication. Technology has immensely saved the world. Economically and has created an institutional task force to uplift the health care service during the COVID 19 pandemic crisis. Hence, the pandemic has struck an awakening of the practice of informatics in a health care facility which should be implemented and updated at the highest priority.

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Current practices of waste management in teaching hospitals and presence of incinerators in densely populated areas

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11389-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Salma Khalid ◽

Najibul Haq ◽

Zia-ul-Ain Sabiha ◽

Abdul Latif ◽

Muhammad Amjad Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facility ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

World Health ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Hospital Waste ◽

Private And Public ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background Hospital waste management (HWM) practices are the core need to run a proper health care facility. This study encompasses the HWM practices in teaching hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan and examine the enforcement of Pak HWM (2005) rules and risks through transmission of pathogens via blood fluids, air pollution during waste incineration and injuries occurring in conjunction with open burning and dumping. Methods A questionnaire based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations was used to survey the selected private and public teaching hospital (n = 16). Site visits and personnel observations were also included in the data. It was spatio-statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, Krushkal-wallis and Fisher’s exact tests. Results The findings revealed that the lack of HWM practices in all surveyed hospitals (p > 0.05), besides statistical difference (p < 0.017) in waste generation/day. No proper segregation of waste from generation point to final disposal was practiced. However, the performance of private teaching hospitals (50%) was found better in terms of HWM personnel and practices. In surveyed hospitals, only nine hospitals (56.3%) were found with the incinerator facility while rest of the hospitals (43.7%) practiced open dumping. Moreover, operational parameters of the incinerators were not found satisfactory and located in densely populated areas and emitting hazardous gases. Conclusion Proper HWM practices are not being followed in the light of WHO guidelines. Hospital waste impose serious menace to healthcare workers and to nearby population. WHO issued documents for improving HWM practices but triggered no change in Pakistan. To improve the situation, insights in this context is need for enforcement of rules.

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Overweight and obesity of children in a brazilian elementary school: a comparison of three references

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.122817 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 341

Author(s):

Marcella Evangelista Melo ◽

Giovanna Lima Miguéis ◽

Mikaela Silva Almeida ◽

Tatiane Dalamaria ◽

Wagner De Jesus Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Task Force ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Kappa Index ◽

International Obesity Task Force ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization

Introduction: In the diagnosis of overweight and obesity based on body mass index in children and adolescents, several national and international anthropometric references are recommended. However, there is a divergence in the estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity among the references. Objective: To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to analyse the magnitude of agreement among the three references. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 975 students from the early grades of elementary school. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Conde and Monteiro. The Kappa weighted index was calculated to assess the agreement magnitude among the three references. Results: The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated by the Conde and Monteiro and WHO references, respectively. Overall, the IOTF revealed lower a magnitude of prevalence than the two other references. The agreement among the references identified by the Kappa index had a range of 0.66 to 0.94. Conclusion: Despite the satisfactory agreement among the three references, this research highlighted the differing magnitudes of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. This fact limits the ability to make comparisons among populations and impairs the development of overweight and obesity prevention actions.

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