scholarly journals Formal education about hygienic aural care and the relationship between aural hygiene awareness and practices: a cross-sectional study from a super-speciality hospital in West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3298
Author(s):  
Saikat Samaddar ◽  
Arup Chakraborty ◽  
Sangita Bhattacharya Samaddar ◽  
Arista Lahiri ◽  
Saumendra Nath Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aware Group ◽  
Care Training ◽  
Training Resources

Background: The result of poor ear care and hygiene behaviours are often encountered in otology practice. There is also lack of any proper guideline of hygienic ear care behaviours. The present study aims to assess the awareness and practice of hygienic ear care behaviours of the community, in the light of the guidelines as per WHO Primary Ear and Hearing Care Training Resources-Basic level.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Baruipur Sub-Divisional Hospital serving semi urban population of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. Patients and parents (in case of children below the age of six years) were interviewed. Maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria after obtaining informed consent 480 participants were included in the study who responded to a validated self-reported semi structured questionnaire.Results: The mean age was 32.44 (±18.95) years. Around 51.3% were male, 81.25% were professionals. Majority belonged to nuclear family (52.083%) and Islam (53.333%). Around 88.958% of the population had practice of ear care behaviour which was poor. Joint family had an odds of 2.86 (p value=0.002) and Islam by religion had an odds of 1.99 (p value=0.044) for a higher level of awareness. Educated group had an odds of 4.07 (p<0.001) for higher awareness. Aware group had an odds of 19.95 (p<0.001) in favour of having hygienic ear care practices.Conclusions: The study demonstrated lack of formal education regarding ear hygiene at the community level. Dearth in formal knowledge leading to poor practices is compounded with several socio-cultural issues. 

Satisfaction and Adherence to Biological Treatment in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Hammad ◽  
Huny Bakry
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Mean

Background: Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases have long been treated by conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Biological therapy is a new era in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, but satisfaction and adherence to it is still not well tested. Aim: To assess the satisfaction and adherence to biological treatment among patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 56 patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatic diseases using Morisky 8 questionnaire and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) over a period of one month Results: About 76.8% of the patients had medium adherence and the underlying cause of missing doses was the unavailability of the drugs. The mean satisfaction with biological treatment was 62.7±6.9. Patients who did not receive formal education had significantly higher satisfaction with the biological treatment than others 64.94±5.01 at a P value 0.04 (<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in our study showed medium adherence and satisfaction. Authorities in the medical field are providing great help to these patients in need of biological therapy, but ensuring the availability of all doses of the biological treatment regimen is still necessary. Patient, family and nurse education programs are also necessary to maximize adherence and satisfaction.

scholarly journals Access to Anti-Diabetic Medicines among Patients Attending Tertiary Health Facilities in Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi ◽  
Babatunde Ayeni ◽  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Oluwatomi Owopetu
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Relatives

Objective: The management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is long-term and can be expensive. This study aimed to describe access to anti-diabetic medicines among patients in tertiary health care facilities in Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The study sites were the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, and Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomosho. It was conducted among 366 diabetic patients who had been attending the endocrinology clinic of these two tertiary health institutions for at least one year. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Program for Social Sciences. Results: Female participants were 186 (50.8%) and 298 (85.6%) depended on close relatives to purchase their drugs. Those who had difficulties affording their anti-diabetic medications were 142 (38.8%) and 80 (56.3%) preferred buying a cheaper brand of anti-diabetic medication. Also, 136 (37.2%) respondents had missed their required drugs at some point due to insufficient funds. Males who were able to afford their anti-diabetic medication were 96 (53.3%) compared to 128 (68.8%) females (P-value= 0.002). Those with no formal education had the highest proportion of respondents who could not easily afford anti-diabetic drugs (60.9%), those with tertiary education had the highest proportion of respondents who could afford their medication (77.5%), (P-value=< 0.001). Among those in the 61-70 years age group, 78 (66.1%) achieved glycaemic control compared to 34 (42.5%) of those above 70 years (P-value=< 0.001). Conclusion: To improve affordability, subsidizing the cost of anti-diabetic medications and encouraging patients to enrol in the Health Insurance Scheme will be beneficial.

scholarly journals Influence of Education Level of Older Patients on Polypharmacy, Potentially Inappropriate Medications Listed in Beer’s Criteria, and Unplanned Hospitalization: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Sadia Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inappropriate Medications

Objective: To evaluate influence of education level of older patients on polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) listed in Beer’s Criteria, and unplanned hospitalization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among older people aged ≥65 years between 1 December 2017 and 28 February 2018. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed. Results: Among 385 older patients, 88.8% were prescribed PIMs and 56.4% underwent PIMs associated unplanned hospitalization. Older people were less exposed to polypharmacy or excessive polypharmacy as their education levels increased (no formal education vs. primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary, 74% vs. 69.8% vs. 60.5% vs. 58.1%). Patients having higher education were also accompanied by significantly lower prescription of PIMs (no formal education vs. primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary, 96% vs. 87.3% vs. 84.5% vs. 79.1%) as well as unplanned hospitalization (no formal education vs. primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary, 64.7% vs. 76.2% vs. 40.3% vs. 46.5%). Results of regression analysis revealed that no formal education (OR = 1.202, 95% CI = 1.032–2.146, p-value = 0.003) and primary education level (OR = 1.175, 95% CI = 1.014–1.538, p-value = 0.039) were significantly associated with the use of polypharmacy among older people. On the other hand, no formal education was significantly associated with the prescription of PIMs (OR = 1.898, 95% CI = 1.151–2.786, p-value = 0.007). Furthermore, older people with no formal education (OR = 1.402, 95% CI = 1.123–1.994, p-value = 0.010) and primary education level (OR = 1.775, 95% CI = 1.281–3.018, p-value = <0.001) were significantly more likely to undergo unplanned hospitalization. Conclusions: Patients having low literacy level are more likely to receive PIMs, polypharmacy, and undergo unplanned hospitalization in comparison to highly educated patients. Hence, promotion of health literacy for patients is crucial to overcome these problems.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONALISM IN NURSING AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED AMONG NURSES WORKING IN ARSI ZONE PUBLIC HOSPITALS, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Degefa Tola ◽  
Yibeltal Siaraneh Beleta ◽  
Fikru Tafese Jaleta
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Arsi Zone

Abstract Background: Professionals are defined in the context of a particular body of knowledge which is obtained through formal education, expanded level of skills, type of certification proving their entry into the profession; a set of behavioral norms called professionalism and attitudes representing high levels of commitment to and identification with a specific profession. Several factor affecting the development of the nursing profession. Recognizing and determining such factors can be the first step to move towards the professionalization of nursing. The objective of this study was to assess professionalism in nursing and factors associated among nurses working in Arsi zone, Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia 2018. Methods: This study used an Institutional based cross sectional study design. Self-administered structured questionnaire adapted from RNAO (Registered Nurses association of Ontario) guideline, was used to measure the level of professionalism. The sample was 420 nurses from the six Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to identify associations. Odds ratio was calculated for related factors with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Result: Out of 420 Nurses working in six public Hospitals, 380 responded to the questionnaire, making the response rate of 90.5%. In current study level of professionalism was high among nurses (n=380) with highest percentages on accountability, advocacy, and ethics. Gender (AOR =2.489, 95% CI=1.540-4.023), nursing is indispensable (AOR=1.760, 95% CI=1.104-2.806), job satisfaction (AOR= 1.844, 95% CI = 1.143-2.975) and having up to dated training (AOR= 1.809, 95%CI=1.071-3.055 were significantly associated with overall professionalism level. Conclusion: Nurses working in public hospitals of Arsi zone have relatively had better professionalism level. Gender, nursing is indispensable, job satisfaction, presence of up-to-dated trainings were found significantly associated with professionalism in nursing. Human resource personnel and CEOs of respective hospitals should develop various training programs for nurses and provide encouraging environments for obtaining better qualities in attributes of professionalism. Keywords Attributes of professionalism, Nursing, Professionalism, associated factors

scholarly journals Knowledge of prevention of COVID-19 among the general people in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study in Rajshahi district

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243410
Author(s):  
Md. Masud Rana ◽  
Md. Reazul Karim ◽  
Md. Abdul Wadood ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Kabir ◽  
Md. Mahidul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Background Until now, no vaccine or effective drug is available for the control, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19. Preventive measures are the only ways to be protected from the disease and knowledge of the people about the preventive measures is a vital matter. Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of the general people in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh regarding the COVID-19 preventive measures. Methodology This cross sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 25, 2020. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire from 436 adult respondents selected by using a mixed sampling technique. Frequency analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression model were utilized in this study. SPSS (IBM, Version 22) was used for data analysis. 95% confidence interval and p-value = 0.05 were accepted for statistical significance. Results Only 21.6% of the respondents had good knowledge of the COVID-19 preventive measures. The highest 67.2% of them knew that washing hands with soap could prevent the disease, but contrarily, the highest 72.5% did not know that avoidance of touching mouth, nose, and eyes without washing hands was a preventive measure. Only 28.4% and 36.9% of the respondents knew that maintaining physical distancing and avoiding mass gatherings were measures of prevention of COVID-19 respectively. The younger age (≤25 years), low family income (≤15,000 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT), occupation others than business and service, and nuclear family had the lower odds of having no/less knowledge about the preventive measures. Conclusions The knowledge level of the general people regarding prevention of COVID-19 was alarmingly low in Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh, health policy makers and donor agencies should consider the findings and take immediate steps for improving knowledge of the public about prevention of the disease.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding smoking in school going adolescents of Kashmir, India: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Walied Khawar Balwan ◽  
Uroosa Farooq Allaqband ◽  
Rauf Ur Rashid Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Cigarette smoking, in the developed world, has been the major habit among children for both boys and girls. They usually take to the habit while in school before the age of 18. In India, tobacco consumption in multiple forms presents an emerging, significant and growing threat to the health of the adolescents. As per  WHO Global Youth tobacco Survey GYTS (2009) India, 14.6% of students currently use any form of tobacco, 4.4%currently smoke cigarettes, 12.5% currently use some other form of tobacco. Objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of school going adolescents regarding smoking.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was taken in school going adolescents of Kashmir. The study included three districts from Kashmir valley and from each district, 2 government middle schools (1 girls and 1 boys), 2 government high schools (1 girls and 1 boys), 2 government higher secondary schools (1 girls and 1 boys) were selected. Also from the list of private schools one middle school, one high school and one higher secondary school (All  having co-education) were selected. Thus, a total of 27 schools, 9 from each selected district, were included in the study. A total of 1000 students participated in this study.Results: The current study included 464 males (46.4%) and 536 (53.6%) females. Among the study subjects, 523 (52.30%) belonged to the 12-15 year age bracket and 477 (47.70%) were between 16-18 years of age. Maximum of study participants belonged to nuclear family (63.10%) followed by joint family (36.90%). Majority of the study subjects belonged to socio-economic class IV (lower middle) 36.10% followed by class III (middle) 23.90% as per Modified BG Prasad’s classification.Conclusions: 75.9% opined that smoking tobacco is harmful to health in comparison to 89.1% of non-smokers, a difference found to be statistically highly significant (p value <0.001). Prevention of tobacco use in young people and the consumption of tobacco, among school students should be considered as a matter of great concern which requires holistic understanding.

scholarly journals Tobacco use among school students in Manipur, North East India: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Jalina Laishram ◽  
Mohammed Rafique ◽  
Kh. Sonarjit Singh ◽  
Brogen Singh Akoijam
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East

Background: Tobacco use is one of the most common substance abuse indulged by adolescents worldwide. The current tobacco use among youths in the age group of 13-15 years was 14.6% (GYTS 2009, India). The tobacco situation in India is unique because of a vast spectrum of tobacco products available for smoking as well as smokeless use. This study was done to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among school students in Imphal, Manipur, India and to determine the association between tobacco use and socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school students studying in class VII to class X in Imphal, Manipur using convenience sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire method. Descriptive statistics like mean, percentages and proportions were used. Chi-square test was used to determine the association and a p value of <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The prevalence of ever use of tobacco among school students in Imphal was found to be 19.5%. And 43.4% of the ever users were current users. Ever use of tobacco was significantly associated with older age group (14-17 years), male gender, living in a nuclear family, studying in class X, being in a relationship and whose mother was educated below class X.Conclusions: Two out of every 10 students in the age group of 10-17 years in the study have ever used any kind of tobacco product. Smokeless form of tobacco was more commonly used as compared to smoked form.

scholarly journals Association of Levels of Anxiety in Resident Doctors with Factors related to the Postgraduate Training in Teaching Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Sehrish Zehra ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Hydrie ◽  
Samira Faiz ◽  
Farhan Muhammad Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Objective: To assess level of anxiety, its associated factors and coping strategies in postgraduate trainees of public and private teaching hospitals of Karachi Study Design and Setting: It was a cross-sectional study. The data was collected from different major teaching hospitals February 2019 till April Methodology: A total of 230 postgraduate trainees were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire specifically designed for this study which included General Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale and Brief COPE Questionnaire. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 21. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression was performed and P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant Results: Total 39.6% of the participants had no anxiety, 34.3% had mild, 16.1% had moderate while 10.0% had severe anxiety. Being single, nuclear family system and low monthly household income had higher odds of having severe anxiety (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR); 5.50, 95% CI 1.38,22.14, AOR; 2.50, 95% CI 0.83,7.51 and AOR; 3.17, 95% CI 0.96,10.49 respectively). Severe anxiety was also highly associated with irregular sleep pattern (AOR; 2.06, 95% CI 0.70, 6.06), no daily exercise (AOR; 5.01, 95% CI 1.21, 2.69) and lack of job satisfaction (AOR; 2.64, 95% CI 0.90, 7.90). The most frequently adapted coping strategies by participants who were found to have anxiety were, planning (89.9%), acceptance (87%) and religion (85.6%). Conclusion: Postgraduate trainees should be provided with psychological counseling and support at workplace to keep them mentally healthy to enhance their everyday performance in dealing and treating patients

scholarly journals Depression among the Geriatric Population is a Matter of Concern: A Community Based Study in a Rural Area of West Bengal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dasgupta ◽  
D Ray ◽  
S Roy ◽  
T Sarkar ◽  
A Ghosal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background   Depression is commonest psychiatric disorder in elderly; it is often misdiagnosed and undertreated. People with depression suffer from impairment of all major areas of functioning ranging from personal care to social capability, which in turn decreases individuals’ quality of life and increases dependency on others Elderly patients with depression are more prone in developing chronic diseases like ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension. This problem may be more severe in rural population. Objective of this study is to find out the magnitude of depression and its correlates among a rural geriatric population. Materials and Methods Population based cross sectional study was done in Singur, West Bengal with a sample size of 85 with the help of a pretested semi structured schedule and a geriatric depression scale (short form).  Results Majority 61.2(%) of the study population were in the age group of 60 to 69 years and most belonged to joint Hindu family. Cardiovascular disease (67.05%) especially hypertension followed by musculoskeletal problems (42.35%) were the two major health related conditions suffered by this population and they usually made avail of government health facilities during illness. About 58.8% of the population suffered from depression and this was associated with nuclear family AOR(95%CI)=8.625(1.697-43.831), with poor income AOR(95%CI)=7.628(1.862-31.847), financial dependence AOR(95%CI)=4.948 (1.044-23.554)and living without spouse AOR(95%CI)=7.422 (1.513-36.418) and also presence of disease OR =5.423 (1.348-21.81). Conclusion Alarmingly, the prevalence of depression was observed to be quite high in this rural population and so was prevalence of different morbidities. All these will hasten the isolation of this vulnerable population from general community and increase burden on younger generation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i4.9515 Keywords:

Brief Overview and Experience of Visual Evoked Potential of First 67 cases at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Mohammad Enayet Hussain ◽  
Bithi Debnath ◽  
AFM Al Masum Khan ◽  
Md Ferdous Mian ◽  
Md Nahidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pattern Reversal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visual Evoked

Background: The visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a valuable tool to document occult lesions of the central visual channels especially within the optic nerve. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to observe the findings of first few cases of VEP done in the neurophysiology department of the National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to March 2020. All patients referred to the Neurophysiology Department of NINS for VEP were included. Pattern reversal VEPs were done using standard protocol set by International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN). Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.70 (±12.11) years (6-68 years) with 31 (46.3%) male and 36 (53.7%) female patients. The mean duration of illness was 8.71 (±1.78) months (3 days- 120 months). Most common presenting symptom was blurring of vision (37.3%) and dimness of vision (32.8%). Patterned VEP revealed mixed type (both demyelinating and axonal) of abnormality in most cases [29(43.35)]. The most common clinical diagnosis was multiple sclerosis (29.85%) and optic neuropathy (26.87%). In the clinically suspected cases of multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathy and optic neuritis most of the cases of VEP were abnormal and the p value is 0.04 in optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of the patients in this series were blurring of vision and dimness of vision. The most common clinical diagnosis for which VEP was asked for, was optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Most abnormalities were of mixed pattern (demyelinating and axonal). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 74-77

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