scholarly journals A clinical study on genital warts and HIV in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Md. Jakir Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Afser Siddiqi ◽  
M. Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Khairun Nahar Khan ◽  
Ahmed Imtiaj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Anal Warts ◽  
Hiv Negative

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Like other sexually<strong> </strong>transmitted diseases (STD), ano-genital warts (AGW) is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and this study of AGW was conducted among HIV positive and HIV negative patients. The aim of the study was to study the risk factors and clinical presentations of ano-genital warts in HIV infected patients</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A comparative, cross-sectional, descriptive study of 25 HIV positive and 25 HIV negative (n=50) AGW patients between 15-60 years of both sex was conducted in Northern part of Bangladesh from July 2015 to December 2016. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Significant association of HIV positivity (p&lt;0.05) was<strong> </strong>observed between age group of 15-30 years and HIV negative status (p&lt;0.05) in age group of 31-45 years. HIV positive status significantly higher in patients with self-admitted multiple sexual partners (p&lt;0.01), homosexuality (p&lt;0.05) and presentation with anal warts (p&lt;0.01). HIV negative status correlated significantly with single sexual partner admission (p&lt;0.01) and hetero-sexuality (p&lt;0.05). Gender did not show significant association with number of sexual partners or HIV positivity. Extra-genital or only genital warts had no association with HIV status. Co-STDs though more in number in seropositive group, did not show any significant association with HIV positivity (p&gt;0.05). No patient presented with changes of malignancy. Four were adolescents below 19 years. Two patients had atypical presentations of giant condylomata i.e., Buschke-Lowenstein tumour (BLT)</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">HIV positivity was significantly associated with<strong> </strong>the risk factors of age below 30 years, homo sexuality and multiple sexual partners. Anal warts were significantly common in HIV positive patients. Four adolescents with AGW underline the need for high risk behaviour counselling. No patient had malignant AGW. Follow up of these patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) sub-typing is necessary. </span></p>

scholarly journals Sexual behaviour patterns and STI risk: results of a cluster analysis among men who have sex with men in Portugal

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e033290
Author(s):  
Karel Blondeel ◽  
Sonia Dias ◽  
Martina Furegato ◽  
Armando Seuc ◽  
Ana Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesPortugal has the highest HIV incidence rate in Western Europe. The proportion assigned to sexual contact between men recently increased to more than 30% of all HIV infections. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are vulnerable to the acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), increasing the per-contact risk of HIV infection. Building on syndemic theory, the aim of this analysis was to identify patterns of current sexual behaviour in MSM, and explore their relationship with self-reported current, past STI diagnoses and HIV positive serostatus.DesignA cross-sectional behavioural survey was conducted in Portugal among MSM, using a community-based participatory research approach. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify patterns including behavioural and demographic factors.ResultsThe analysis resulted in six clusters. Three clusters showed higher rates of current STI diagnosis (ranging from 11.7% to 17.1%), past STI diagnosis (ranging from 25.5% to 41.5%) and HIV positive serostatus (ranging from 13.0% to 16.7%). From the three clusters scoring lower on current and past STI and HIV diagnoses, one was characterised by a high number of sexual partners (62% had more than 12 partners in the last year), a high proportion (94.6%) of frequent visits to gay venues to meet sexual partners and high alcohol use (46.1%). The other two clusters scored lower on high risk sexual behaviour.ConclusionFactors other than sexual behaviour appear to reinforce the vulnerability to STIs and HIV of some MSM in this study, suggesting a syndemic of STIs, HIV and other adverse conditions. More research is needed to better understand the drivers of the STI/HIV epidemic in Portuguese MSM, using a concept that goes beyond risk behaviour, to develop effective combination prevention interventions.

scholarly journals High HIV prevalence and associated factors in a remote community in the Rwenzori region of Western Uganda

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rubaihayo ◽  
Akib Surat ◽  
Mughusu Ezekiel ◽  
Abaasa Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Western Uganda

In Uganda, previous studies have shown a tremendous decline in HIV prevalence over the past two decades due to changes in sexual behavior with a greater awareness of the risks involved. However, studies in Fort-Portal municipality, a rural town in Western Uganda, continued to show a persistent high HIV prevalence despite the various interventions in place. We conducted a study to establish the current magnitude of HIV prevalence and the factors associated with HIV prevalence in this community. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2008. Participants were residents of Fort-Portal municipality aged 15-49 years. A population-based HIV sero-survey and a clinical review of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) and voluntary counseling and HIV Testing (VCT) records were used to collect quantitative data. An inteviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data on social deographics, risk behaviour and community perceptions. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews provided supplementary data on community perceptions. Logistic regression was used in the analysis. The overall HIV prevalence in the general population was 16.1% [95% CI; 12.5-20.6]. Prevalence was lower among women (14.5%; 95% CI; 10.0-19.7) but not significantly different from that among men (18.7%; 95% CI; 12.5-26.3) (c2=0.76, P=0.38). Having more than 2 sexual partners increased the odds of HIV by almost 2.5 times. None or low education and age over 35 years were independently associated with HIV prevalence (P<0.05). Most participants attributed the high HIV prevalence to promiscuity/multiple sexual partners (32.5%), followed by prostitution (13.6%), alcoholism (10.1%), carelessness (10.1%), poverty (9.7%), ignorance (9.5%)), rape (4.7%), drug abuse (3.6%) and others (malice/malevolence, laziness, etc.) (6.2%). Although there was a slight decline compared to previous reports, the results from this study confirm that HIV prevalence is still high in this community. In order to prevent new infections, the factors mentioned above need to be addressed, and we recommend that education aimed at changing individual behavior should be intensified in this community.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of ectopic pregnancy at Laquintinie Douala hospital (Cameroon): prevalence survey, clinical profile, therapeutic and transfusion issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Henri Essome ◽  
Thomas O. Egbe ◽  
Gregory E. Halle ◽  
Théophile N. Nana ◽  
Merlin Boten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Therapeutic Profile

Background: Pregnancy is a serious pathology of the first trimester of pregnancy and is the leading cause of death. The objective of our work was to determine the hospital prevalence of ectopic pregnancy (EP), to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile given the often-haemorrhagic context at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala.Methods: We carried out a retrospective study over 10 years, from January 1st, 2007 to December 31st, 2016, using the operating theatre registers and the files of patients admitted during this period for ectopic pregnancy in the gynaecology and obstetrics department of the Laquintinie Hospital in Douala.Results: A total of 905 cases of EP for 32,595 deliveries were recorded, for an overall incidence of 2.8%. EP mainly affected the age group of 25 to 35 (60.6%), single people (57.9%) and housewives (46.6%). The risk factors found were similar to those of cervical cancer, namely multiple sexual partners (80.4%), the precocity of sexual intercourse under 18 years (54.1%) and sexually transmitted infections (52.5%). The symptomatic triad (pelvic pain, amenorrhea and metrorrhagia) was found in 46.1% of cases with a respective order of frequency of 96.9%, 77.3% and 63.6% The management was essentially surgical by radical laparotomy (97% of cases). Two of the 07 deaths were due to religious considerations.Conclusions: EP remains a frequent pathology in our environment with a heavy toll of tubal amputations and death.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk in an urban African population: a cross-sectional analysis on the role of HIV and antiretroviral treatment

Retrovirology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinda G. Vos ◽  
Klariska Hoeve ◽  
Roos E. Barth ◽  
Joyce Peper ◽  
Michelle Moorhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
African Population ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carotid Distensibility ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Life expectancy is increasing in the HIV-positive population and age-related non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, (CVD) are seen more frequently. This study investigated to what extent HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with CVD risk in an urban African population. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Johannesburg, South Africa, between July 2016 and November 2017. Both HIV-positive adults (ART-naïve, or on first- or second-line ART), as well as age and sex matched HIV-negative controls who were family or friends of the HIV-positive participants were included. Data were collected on demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, HIV-related characteristics, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid distensibility. The association between HIV, ART and CIMT and distensibility was analysed with linear regression models, adjusting for age, gender and CVD risk factors. Results The study included 548 participants, 337 (62%) females, age 38.3 ± 9.5 years of whom 104 (19.0%) were HIV-positive, ART-naïve; 94 (17.2%) were on first-line ART; 197 (35.9%) were on second-line ART; and 153 (27.9%) were HIV-negative. Participants on second-line ART had higher CIMT and lower distensibility compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, these outcomes were similar between groups. Further adjustment for CVD and HIV-related factors did not alter the findings. Conclusion Neither HIV nor ART was associated with CIMT or carotid distensibility in this urban African population. Longitudinal studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between HIV and CVD across different populations.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 seroconversion among pregnant women in Uganda: A prospective study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1108-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Nakubulwa ◽  
Dan K Kaye ◽  
Freddie Bwanga ◽  
Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye ◽  
Edith Nakku-Joloba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) acquired during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes such as perinatal HSV-2 transmission. HSV-2 seroconversion occurs within four weeks of HSV-2 acquisition. There was neither documented incidence nor risk factors for HSV-2 seroconversion during pregnancy in Uganda. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for HSV-2 seroconversion among pregnant women in Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Methodology: A prospective study of 200 consenting HSV-2-negative women between 26 and 28 weeks of gestation was done between November 2013 and October 2014. HSV-2 serostatus was determined using HerpeSelect HSV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic characteristics and sexual history. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus was obtained from antenatal records. A total of 191 women completed follow-up and repeat HSV-2 serology by 38 weeks. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to estimate risk ratios for risk factors for HSV-2 seroconversion. Results: Of 191 women, 15 (7.9%) seroconverted during pregnancy. Having multiple sexual partners, being in polygamous unions, and having HIV-positive serostatus were found to be risk factors for HSV-2 seroconversion. Conclusions: The incidence of HSV-2 seroconversion during pregnancy in Uganda was high. Multiple sexual partners, polygamy, and HIV-positive serostatus were risk factors for HSV-2 seroconversion during pregnancy. Strengthening health education on the avoidance of multiple sexual partners during pregnancy is paramount in prevention of HSV-2 seroconversion.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Reproductive Health Status of Adult Prison Inmates in Osun State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Olugbenga-Bello ◽  
O. A. Adeoye ◽  
K. G. Osagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Condom Usage ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. All over the world, numbers of prisoners have being increasing with majority in the sexually active age group; hence diseases such as HIV, Tuberculosis and Hepatitis are more prevalent in prisons than in the community. This study thus aims to provide an overview of the reproductive health status of adult prison inmates in Osun State.Methodology. This is a cross-sectional study among adult inmates in Osun State prison. Data was obtained from 209 selected respondents using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire.Result. Majority of the respondents were in the age group 20–39 years with mean age of30.9+7.5. 73.2% are aware of STIs, 93.3% HIV/AIDS and 81.3% contraception. 54.6% had multiple sexual partners before incarceration and 23.3% of them used condom always. 89.5% were not involved in any sexual practice inside the prison, 9.1% masturbated and 1.4% had homosexual partners. Less than 6% had access to male condoms gotten from prison staffs and prison clinics.Conclusion and recommendation. No comprehensive reproductive health care system to address reproductive health services in prisons. Respondents’ knowledge about STIs, HIV/AIDS and contraception is good, but their condom usage is low compared with the knowledge. Government should put in place specific reproductive health programmes in prisons.

High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among HIV-Positive Individuals in Yunnan, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tu ◽  
Yu-Ye Li ◽  
Yi-Qun Kuang ◽  
Rong-Hui Xie ◽  
Xing-Qi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Yunnan has the highest rates of HIV in the country. Other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with accelerated HIV transmission and poor ART outcomes, but are only diagnosed by syndromic algorithms. Methods We recruited 406 HIV-positive participants for a cross-sectional study (204 ART-naive and 202 ART). Blood samples and first-voided urine samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Syphilis and HSV-2 tests were also performed. Results Among 406 participants, the overall prevalence of STI was 47.0% and 45.1% in ART-naive individuals and 49.0% in ART individuals, respectively. Testing frequency was 11.6% (11.8% vs 11.4%), 33.2% (29.4% vs 37.1%), 3.2% (3.4% vs 3.0%), 2.0% (3.4% vs 0.5%) and 4.7% (6.4% vs 3.0%) for active syphilis, HSV-2, chlamydia, gonorrhoeae and genitalium. Percentage of multiple infections in both groups was 10.8% (22/204) in ART-naive participants and 9.9% (20/202) in ART participants. Females, age between 18 to 35 years, ever injected drugs, homosexual or bisexual, HIV/HBV coinfection, and not receiving ART were identified as risk factors. Self-reported asymptom was not eliminating of having a laboratory-diagnosed STI. Conclusions STI prevalence was 47.0% (45.1% vs 49.0%), HSV-2, syphilis and MG were the most common STIs in HIV-infected individuals. We found high prevalence (6.4%) of Mycoplasma genitalium in ART-naive individuals. ART can reduce the diversity of STI-HIV coinfection but not the prevalence. HIV-positive individuals tend to neglect or maybe hide their genital tract discomfort, thus we suggest strengthening STI joint screening and treatment services among HIV-infected individuals whether they describe genital tract discomfort or not.

scholarly journals Anolunula in Fingernails among Patients Infected with HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratik Gahalaut ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Sandhya Chauhan ◽  
Mir Mubashir Ali ◽  
Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Negative

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document