scholarly journals Study of COVID-19 epidemic in India and Andhra Pradesh with comparative global figures

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Rachakonda ◽  
Kiranmavi Abburi ◽  
Sai Ramya Gonuguntla ◽  
Bhavanarayana Jannela ◽  
Chakradhar Bolleddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
National Average ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Hospital Statistics

We have studied the pattern of COVID-19 epidemic in Andhra Pradesh and compared with other high burden states in India utilizing Government of India statistics. We have compared the Indian figures with the statistics in other countries. We have analyzed the data published by Ministry of Health and family Welfare Government of India, Government of Andhra Pradesh and WHO statistics as well as worldometer statistics. We have studied the hospital statistics of our tertiary care COVID center and analyzed the results.The statistics revealed highest number of cases are seen in United States of America with case fatality rate of 1.74%.Mexico has highest case fatality rate of 8.5%. Italy has 3.5% and United Kingdom 2.8%.In India Maharashtra has highest number of COVID-19 casualties with case fatality of 2.52%. Indian national average of case fatality is 1.47%. Andhra Pradesh has a case fatality of 0.80%. In Andhra Pradesh the pandemic of COVID-19 peaked in the months of August and September both in terms of number of cases and deaths and then decline started. Hospital based records showed a death rate of 3.92%.

scholarly journals Risk factors for incidence and case-fatality rates of healthcare-associated infections: a 20-year follow-up of a hospital-based cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.-F. WANG ◽  
S.-H. SHEN ◽  
A. M.-F. YEN ◽  
T.-L. WANG ◽  
T.-N. JANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Healthcare Associated

SUMMARYInformation is lacking on the integrated evaluation of mortality rates in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Our aim was to differentiate the risk factors responsible for the incidence from those for the case-fatality rates in association with HAIs. We therefore examined the time trends of both incidence and case-fatality rates over a 20-year period at a tertiary-care teaching medical centre in Taiwan and the mortality rate was expressed as the product of the incidence rate and the case-fatality rate. During the study period the overall mortality rate fell from 0·46 to 0·32 deaths/1000 patient-days and the incidence rate fell from 3·41 to 2·31/1000 patient-days, but the case-fatality rate increased marginally from 13·5% to 14·0%. The independent risk factors associated with incidence of HAIs were age, gender, infection site, admission type, and department of hospitalization. Significant prognostic factors for HAI case-fatality were age, infection site, intensive care, and clinical department. We conclude that the decreasing trend for the HAI mortality rate was accompanied by a significant decline in the incidence rate and this was offset by a slightly increasing trend in the case-fatality rate. This deconstruction approach could provide further insights into the underlying complex causes of mortality for HAIs.

scholarly journals Mortality profile of neonatal deaths and deaths due to neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care center in southern India: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Muthukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Deaths

Background: The Neonatal mortality rate is an important indicator for newborn care and directly reflects prenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care. Objective: Primary objective was to analyse the neonatal mortality profile, incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonatal deaths and the pattern of antimicrobial resistance.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study done in a tertiary care regional center. All neonatal deaths from January 2017 to December 2017 were reviewed and primary causes of deaths, incidence of sepsis among neonatal deaths and pattern of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed.Results: Common causes of neonatal deaths were respiratory distress syndrome (27.4%), asphyxia (23.3%), sepsis (20.1%), congenital malformations, extreme preterm, meconium aspiration syndrome. Case fatality rate was high in extreme preterm neonates (96.8%), followed by respiratory distress syndrome (35.9%), asphyxia (33%), meconium aspiration syndrome (29.4%), congenital malformations (28.8%), and sepsis (22.6%). In present study incidence of neonatal sepsis among total neonatal deaths was about 20.1%. Coagulase negative staphylococcus(CONS) (38.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.7%) were the predominant organisms isolated. Highest case fatality rate was associated with Pseudomonas sepsis (80%), K. pneumoniae sepsis (64.8%), followed by Escherichia coli sepsis (57%) and non fermenting Gram negative bacilli (55.6%).Conclusions: Sepsis still remains one of the leading cause of death in developing countries. Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organism. 15 % enterococci and 9.7 % of CONS were resistant to vancomycin. 24 % of K. pneumoniae and 16.6% non fermenting Gram negative bacilli were resistant to amikacin. Multidrug resistance is an emerging problem.

scholarly journals Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 and Association With Sociodemographic Characteristics of Populations in Ecuador, 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Flores Sacoto ◽  
Galo Sánchez Del Hierro ◽  
Xavier Jarrín Estupiñan ◽  
Felipe Moreno-Piedrahita Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background COVID-19 has caused deaths worldwide affecting the most vulnerable population with different case fatality rates. Socioeconomic conditions have demonstrated a role regarding the spread of infections and mortality. Socioeconomic characteristics of Ecuador related to poverty, ethnicity and demographic characteristics increase the impact of COVID-19 in certain populations. Methods Objective To analyze the influence of demographic factors on the COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) in Ecuador. Design: cross sectional study. Setting 24 provinces in Ecuador-221 cantons. Population: data including 233.277 confirmed COVID-19 cases of Ecuador. Primary and secondary outcome measures COVID-19 CFR and crude cause-specific death rate weight calculated using province-country level data from health ministry of Ecuador in data website. Results Ecuadors CFR is 4,03%, analyzed by cantons the CFR increases to a median of 5,75%, with cantons like Playas with a CFR of 32,39%. The morbidity rate has a median of 795,31 per 100 000 hab. with the highest rate in Isabela-Galápagos (10185,49), Aguarico-Orellana (9506,75) and Baños-Tungurahua (4156,85). And the crude COVID-19 death rate has a median of 39,73 per 100 000 hab. with the highest rate in Penipe-Chimborazo (201,29), 24 de Mayo-Manabí (143,79) and San Pedro de Huaca-Carchi (134,36). The correlations show relations with sociodemographic factors like poverty, ethnicity and scholarity. Conclusion The CFR is the proxy indicator of COVID-19 impact in Ecuador and the analysis made by location give us new information about the specific impact of this disease.

scholarly journals Estimation of undetected COVID-19 infections in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siuli Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Debraj Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
True Number ◽  
High Death

Background and ObjectivesWhile the number of detected COVID-19 infections are widely available, an understanding of the extent of undetected COVID-19 cases is urgently needed for an effective tackling of the pandemic and as a guide to lifting the lockdown. The aim of this work is to estimate and predict the true number of COVID-19 (detected and undetected) infections in India for short to medium forecast horizons. In particular, using publicly available COVID-19 infection data up to 28th April 2020, we forecast the true number of infections in India till the end of lockdown (3rd May) and five days beyond (8th May).MethodsThe high death rate observed in most COVID-19 hit countries is suspected to be a function of the undetected infections existing in the population. An estimate of the age weighted infection fatality rate (IFR) of the disease of 0.41%, specifically calculated by taking into account the age structure of Indian population, is already available in the literature. In addition, the recorded case fatality rate (CFR= 1%) of Kerala, the first state in India to successfully flatten the curve by consistently reporting single digit new infections from 12-20 April, is used as a second estimate of the IFR. These estimates are used to formulate a relationship between deaths recorded and the true number of infections and recoveries. The estimated undetected and detected cases time series based on these two IFR estimates are then used to fit a discrete time multivariate infection model to predict the total infections at the end of the formal lockdown period.ResultsOver three consecutive fortnight periods during the lockdown, it was noted that the rise in detected infections has decreased by 8.2 times. For an IFR of 0.41%, the rise in undetected infections decreased 2.5 times, while for the higher IFR value of 1%, undetected cases decreased by 2.4 times. The predicted number of total infections in India on 3rd May for both IFRs varied from 2.8 - 6.8 lakhs.Interpretation and ConclusionsThe behaviour of the undetected cases over time effectively illustrates the effects of lockdown and increased testing. From our estimates, it is found that the lockdown has brought down the undetected to detected cases ratio, and has consequently dampened the increase in the number of total cases. However, even though the rate of rise in total infections has fallen, the lifting of the lockdown should be done keeping in mind that 2.3 to 6.4 lakhs undetected cases will already exist in the population by 3rd May.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic in India: A Comparison of pandemic pattern in Selected States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 856-864
Author(s):  
Rama Shankar Rath ◽  
Anand Mohan Dixit ◽  
Anil Ramesh Koparkar ◽  
Pradip Kharya ◽  
Hari Shanker Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Strong Law ◽  
Preparedness Plan ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
First Case

The COVID-19 pandemic currently expanded its roots to the 206 countries in the world. The morbidity and mortality are not only threat to humans but also its impact on economy is indirectly affecting us. The current review was done to find trend in various states of India. Data was collected from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and descriptive analysis of the distribution of COVID-19 cases in different states of India. First case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in southern most state Kerala and after that it has spread to all other states but situations are more worsen in states with high international migration. Maharashtra is now the most affected state followed by Delhi. Among epidemic curve of all these states, Maharashtra has rapidly growing epidemic curve with highest slope, whereas Kerala has the lowest. When we compared the day wise cumulative case fatality rate, it was found that the case fatality rate of the states like Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh & Rajasthan showed decrease in the case fatality rate over the period. Population density is also one of the key determinants of social interaction and thus the spread of disease specifically in communicable diseases. Government of India had taken many strong initiatives e.g. 40 days nation-wide lockdown, thermal screening at airport, announcement of relief packages for poor and quarantine of outsiders but still there are many missed opportunities like, early stoppage of international traffic, compulsory quarantine for all international travellers, better contact tracing, strong law and order and better preparedness plan.

scholarly journals Eclampsia-scenario in a hospital- a ten years study

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pal ◽  
R Bhattacharyya ◽  
S Adhikari ◽  
A Roy ◽  
D Chakrabarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional

This cross sectional record based institutional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan over ten years (1999-2008) aiming analysis of eclamptic mothers for evaluation of maternal and perinatal outcome with different anticonvulsant medications. Total 5991 pregnant mothers with eclampsia admitted in the inpatient department of the tertiary care teaching hospital were recruited for the study, irrespective of their previous antenatal check up history. Subjects with known seizure disorders were excluded from the study. The subjects were managed according to standard regimens (Menon, Ph-sodium, diazepam & magnesium sulphate) and results were documented in standardised format. Case fatality rate, mean induction delivery time & birth-weight, perinatal mortality rates were recorded. Study reveals that the incidence of eclampsia <20 years was 6.97% and majority (5.41%) came from rural areas. Eclampsia was noted primarily in primigravida (7.43%) and unbooked (6.41%) mothers. Ante partum eclampsia predominated (64%) and incidence of caesarean section was 22.25%.The overall case fatality rate was 6.05% and eclampsia contributed 27.85% of all maternal deaths during the last two years of the study period. The overall incidence of low birth weight baby was 26.96% and perinatal mortality was 30.33% (1411/4651).The incidence of perinatal mortality and low birth weight babies are lower in the last 4 years when compared to earlier studies. Proper socio-demographic assessment of pregnancy with eclampsia, planned delivery, shorter induction delivery interval, good control of convulsion by magnesium sulphate, intensive intranatal monitoring causes less maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i2.8437 BMRCB 2011; 37(2): 66-70

scholarly journals Covid-19 pattern in cancer patients-an experience from a tertiary care center of western UP

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 074-081
Author(s):  
Surabhi Gupta ◽  
Tejashwita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Infectivity Rate

Many researches are published and still going on for the effects of comorbidities on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but large studies on cancer as a risk factor and severity of covid-19 in cancer patients are still lacking. The aim of this study was to see the prevalence of covid- 19 in cancer patients and to observe the pattern of disease course in cancer patients undergoing active treatment. In this study, 50 patients of covid-19 RTPCR confirmed cancer patients were enrolled who visited the department from 1may to September 2020 and were retrospectively analyzed for their disease course. Infectivity rate of 5% was observed while case fatality rate was 12%. Mean age of presentation was 42.9yr with male predominance. Head and neck carcinoma patients were more prone to covid-19.20% patients were symptomatic, who required admission in covid ward. Infectivity rate as well as case fatality rate was higher in cancer patients, especially those taking active cancer treatment and were having other comorbid conditions also. Cancer treatment makes a risk factor for covid-19 infection. Mortality is more in cases having associated comorbidities. Though more prospective randomized trials are needed for any statistical analysis.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF MEASLES CASES IN MEASLES VACCINATED CHILDREN DURING OUTBREAK OF MEASLES IN BAHAWALPUR.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1125-1130
Author(s):  
Shahzadi Asma Tahseen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Medical College ◽  
District Officer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical profile and case fatality rate and their comparison in relation with vaccination status in admitted children. Study Design: Case series retrospective study. Setting: Pediatric units of the tertiary care Hospitals (Bahawal Victoria Hospital and the Civil Hospital) affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam medical College Bahawalpur situated in Southern Punjab, Pakistan). Period: 01/01/2013 to 06/9/2013. Methods and Material: A clinical diagnosis of measles (as made by consultants of said Pediatric units) and residing in Bahawalpur district for more than one month of period before admitting in the hospital was included and reviewed. The help of Statistical department of Executive District Officer Health Bahawalpur was taken for missing information as the measles is notifiable disease and all cases were notified to Executive District Officer Health. The children who were nonresident of Bahawalpur District or with incomplete data were excluded. The children were divided into three groups depending on number of measles vaccine doses given. Results: The data of 557 children admitting during the period 01/01/2013 to 06/9/2013 with a clinical diagnosis of measles and resident of Bahawalpur district was included. 52.97% were males. 26.57% were unvaccinated and 73.43% vaccinated (39.14% with one dose and 34.29% with two doses). The mean age ± SD in unvaccinated children was 24.68±27.04, with one dose vaccination 50.94 ±35.58 and with two doses vaccination was 45.05 ±23.67 months. The case fatality rate was 2.87%. The case fatality was significantly higher in males vaccinated with two doses of vaccine as compared to either ones vaccinated with one dose or unvaccinated ones but this difference was not found in females. Conclusion: This study shows that there is urgent need of proper surveillance of measles cases.

scholarly journals Mortality among adult hospitalized patients during the first wave and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care center in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Nath ◽  
Neeraj Kumar Gupta ◽  
Amandeep Jaswal ◽  
Sparsh Gupta ◽  
Navjot Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Second Wave

The similarities and differences between the mortality patterns of the two waves in India remain largely unknown. This was a retrospective study of medical records conducted in the COVID data center of our hospital This study analyzed data of patients who died in the month of August, 2020 to October 2020 (one month before and after the peak of first wave i.e., 16th September, 2020) & April 2021 to June 2021 (one month before and after the peak of second wave i.e., 6th May, 2021), corresponding to an equal part of the pandemic during first (2020) and second (2021) wave. Out of 1893 patients in the study, 764 patients were admitted during the first wave and 1129 patients during the second wave of pandemic. In total, 420 patients died during the entire study period. Of those, 147 (35%) deaths occurred during the first wave and 273 (65%) during the second wave, reflecting a case fatality rate (CFR) of 19.2% during the first wave and a CFR of 24.18%. There were no significant differences in the Age Group, Gender, Presenting Complaints, Duration of Stay and Comorbidities. However, the deceased COVID-19 patients had an increase in Case Fatality Rate, average duration of symptoms from onset to Hospital Admission (DOSHA) and a major shift from MODS to ARDS being the Cause of Death during the second wave of Pandemic. This study demonstrates increased CFR, average DOSHA and a paradigm shift to ARDS as cause of mortality during the second peak of the Pandemic. It is necessary to remain vigilant of newer COVID-19 variants of concern, follow COVID-19 appropriate behaviors and keep emphasizing on care of high-risk groups including patients with comorbidities and elderly population to prevent mortality.

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