Evaluation of microalbumin, cystatin c, creatinine and uric acid levels in HIV patients in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Ezeugwunne Ifeoma Priscilla ◽  
Amaifeobu Clement ◽  
Meludu Samuel Chukwuemeka ◽  
Analike Rosemary Adamma ◽  
Nnamdi Johnjude Chinonso ◽  
...  

This study evaluated the microalbumin, cystatin C, creatinine and uric acid levels in HIV patients in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (NAUTH). A total of one hundred (100) male and female HIV positive and control participants who were aged between 18 and 60 years attending the voluntary counseling and testing unit (VCT) and antiretroviral therapy unit (ART) of NAUTH were randomly recruited for the study and grouped thus: Group A (HIV positive symptomatic participants on long term ART (HPSPLTART) (n= 25); Group B (HIV positive symptomatic participants on short term ART (HPSPSTART) (n= 25); Group C: Asymptomatic HIV positive participants NOT on ART (AHPPNART) (n=25) and Group D: control (n=25).6mls of blood sample and 10mls of freshly voided urine samples were collected from each of the participants for the evaluation of biochemical parameters using standard laboratory methods. Results showed significantly higher BMI and SBP in HPSPSTART than in control (p=0.04; 0.02). SBP was significantly higher in HPSPLTART than in AHPPNART and Control (p=0.00). DBP was significantly higher in HPSPLTART than in HPSPSTART and control respectively (p=0.00). There were significantly higher plasma creatinine and Cys-C levels in both male HIV positives and male HIV positive participants on ART than in both females respectively (p0.00; 0.02). Also, BMI, creatinine, uric acid and Cystatin C levels were significantly higher in male HIV negative participants than in female HIV negative participants (p=0.00; 0.04; 0.02; 0.01). This study has revealed greater risk for renal disease among the HIV participants studied.

Author(s):  
Freeman Chabala ◽  
Mutinta Madubasi ◽  
Mable Mwale Mutengo ◽  
Njeleka Banda ◽  
Kaunda Yamba ◽  
...  

Increased antimicrobial resistance among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals to commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of gastroenteritis is a public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. We set out to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals at a tertiary hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital from May 2019 to August 2019. Stool samples were screened, and 79 HIV-infected individuals matched by age and sex with 84 HIV-uninfected individuals that presented with E. coli associated gastroenteritis were studied. Demographics were collected from the Laboratory Information System (LIS) and stool samples were collected in a sterile leak-proof container. Samples were cultured and only those where E. coli was isolated were included in the study and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. HIV-positive individuals were 3 times (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.17; 95% CI (1.51, 6.66); p < 0.001) more likely to be resistant to quinolones compared with their HIV-negative counterparts. Similarly, HIV-positive individuals were almost 4 times (AOR = 3.97, 95% CI (1.37, 11.46); p = 0.011) more likely to have multidrug-resistant E. coli compared with those who were HIV-negative. HIV infection was associated with reduced E. coli susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics, and most cases showed resistance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Ella Larissa Ndoricyimpaye ◽  
Tuyishime Obed ◽  
Habiyakare Jean Claude ◽  
Manishimwe Jean d’Amour ◽  
Ntwali Denyse ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwins O Echejoh ◽  
Barnabas M Mandong ◽  
Matthew N Tanko ◽  
Agabus N Manasseh ◽  
Edith N Okeke ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratik Gahalaut ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Sandhya Chauhan ◽  
Mir Mubashir Ali ◽  
Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽  
...  

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.


Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 5284-5284
Author(s):  
Jed Katzel ◽  
Sanford Kempin ◽  
David Vesole ◽  
Portia Lagmay-Fuentes ◽  
William Cook ◽  
...  

Abstract Therapy related secondary malignancies after NHL are well characterized in the HIV negative population. The increased risk of secondary leukemia is most commonly associated with alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors and radiation therapy. We describe 2 patients with HIV-associated Burkitt’s lymphoma who subsequently developed acute leukemia. Case Report 1: An HIV positive 60 yr old male was diagnosed with Burkitt’s lymphoma five years after beginning antiretroviral therapy. Lymph node flow cytometry demonstrated: CD10+, CD19+, CD20+, KAPPA+. He achieved a complete remission after completing the Vanderbilt regimen (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, bleomycin, vincristine, and doxorubicin) (McMaster M, et al. J Clin Oncol. 1991:9:941–946). Eight years later, he presented with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) after a myelodysplastic prodrome. Flow cytometry demonstrated CD11c+, CD13+, CD33+, CD34+, CD 64+ and cytogenetics showed 5q(−) and 20q(−). He received induction chemotherapy with arsenic trioxide and low dose cytarabine. He did not achieve a remission, and died 2 months later. Case Report 2: A 45 yr old male presented with severe abdominal pain, and fever. During laparotomy, he was found to have a cecal mass consistent with Burkitt’s lymphoma. A bone marrow biopsy also showed Burkitt’s lymphoma: CD10+, CD19+, CD20+, CD22+, CD 38+, CD45+, CD71+. He was subsequently diagnosed with HIV with a CD4 count of 60/uL. He was treated with CODOX-M (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, methotrexate, IT cytarabine, IT methotrexate) and IVAC (Ifosfamide, etoposide, cytarabine, IT methotrexate) (Magrath I, et al. J Clin Oncol1996;14:925–934) achieving a CR. He remained on antiretroviral therapy throughout his course. Two years later, he presented with thrombocytopenia. A bone marrow aspirate was consistent with precursor B-cell ALL CD19+, CD34+, CD79a+ and TdT+ distinct from the previous Burkitt’s lymphoma. He was treated with the L20 (Clarkson B, et al. Haematol Blood Transfus1990;33:397–408) protocol achieving a durable CR. He continued his retroviral therapy during his treatment. Conclusions: HIV positive patients have an increased propensity to develop malignancy independent of prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy exposure. In the era of HAART, the survival of HIV positive patients has markedly improved. Although the role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are well documented as causative agents of neoplasia, the risk of HAART therapy with toxicity of nuclear, cytoplasmic and cell membrane effects potentially inducing malignancies is less well defined. Many of these agents are considered oncogenic in animal models but have not been proven to cause tumors in humans. However, it is conceivable, given the cellular toxicities of antineoplastic and antiretroviral therapy, that in combination they could cause myelodysplasia or further lymphodysplasia. It is too early to know if HIV patients are at a greater risk for development of secondary malignancies as a long-term complication of chemotherapy. However, because recent studies have demonstrated that HIV+ patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have comparable responses to chemotherapy compared to HIV negative patients, we recommend that patients continue HAART while receiving treatment for malignancy. Close surveillance for the appearance of secondary leukemias is warranted.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Williamson ◽  
Heather A. Leitch

Introduction. In advanced HIV prior to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), dysplastic marrow changes occurred and resolved with ART. Few reports of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in well-controlled HIV exist and management is undefined.Methods. Patients with well-controlled HIV and higher risk MDS were identified; characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed.Results. Of 292 MDS patients since 1996, 1 (0.3%) was HIV-positive. A 56-year-old woman presented with cytopenias. CD4 was 1310 cells/mL and HIV viral load <40 copies/mL. Bone marrow biopsy showed RCMD and karyotype included del(5q) and del(7q); IPSS was intermediate-2 risk. She received azacitidine at 75% dose. Cycle 2, at full dose, was complicated by marrow aplasia and possible AML; she elected palliation. Three additional HIV patients with higher risk MDS, aged 56–64, were identified from the literature. All had deletions involving chromosomes 5 and 7. MDS treatment of 2 was not reported and one received palliation; all died of AML.Conclusion. Four higher risk MDS in well-controlled HIV were below the median age of diagnosis for HIV-negative patients; all had adverse karyotype. This is the first report of an HIV patient receiving MDS treatment with azacitidine. Cytopenias were profound and dosing in HIV patients should be considered with caution.


1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Basnet ◽  
BB Sherchan ◽  
B Rijal ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
P Khadga

The objective was to know the prevalence of coccidian parasites, their clinical manifestation, treatment and prophylaxis in HIV infected patients in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal.A total of 300 stool samples from 128 (64.00%) HIV patient without previous history of treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART), 72 (36.00%) under ART treatment and 100 HIV seronegative control samples were collected and examined by wet mount, Kinyoun modified Ziehl Neelsen staining, Sheather's sucrose flotation and modified formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation methods.The coccidian parasites were detected in 22 (11.0%) of the 200 HIV infected patients, 18 (9.0%) without ART and 4 (2.0%) with ART undertaking patients. Those without ART had majority of 11 (8.5%) Cryptosporidium spp and those with ART had equal percentage of 2 (0.03%) Cryptosporidium spp and 2 (0.03%) Cyclospora spp. The prevalence of coccidian parasites was significantly higher in patients with diarrhea (20/22) than in those without diarrhea (2/22) (P value < 0.05). The drug therapy indices of the antibiotic, Cotrimoxazole given for 30 days in combination with ART for treatment and/or prophylaxis for opportunistic infections showed that long term treatment was needed for the clearance of coccidian parasites. Among 8 Cyclospora identified, 7.6% cleared from stool anlaysis after 30th days of treatment likewise 15.3% of Cryptosporidium cleared after 45th days of treatment.In conclusion, Cryptosporidium followed by Cyclospora appeared to be the predominant coccidian parasite associated with diarrhea among HIV patients. Clinicians are requested to query for coccidian parasites to evaluate diarrhea in HIV patients. Cotrimoxazole is the drug of choice in curing coccidian parasites. So, it should be given along with ART as a treatment and/ or prophylaxis that act against both opportunistic infections as well as coccidian parasites. However its side effects should be evaluated for its long term prophylaxis. Key words: AIDS; Coccidian; Diarrhea; HIV; ART; OIs. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3849 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.51-55  


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