Miracula s. Willehadi: Prospects for Studying “Unreliable” Sources

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8 (106)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Yulia Arnautova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Communicative Intent ◽  
Pragmatic Function

The article deals with the heuristic potential of early medieval collections of saints' miracles (libri miraculorum, miracula) which are rarely studied in anthropologically oriented historiography, because they are literary fiction and, unlike the 12—17th century miracula, cannot serve as sources for studying folk piety or everyday life. Using the example of St. Willehadi's miracles (Miracula s. Willehadi, 860—865) by Bishop Ansgar of Bremen, the article analyzes the possibility of involving texts considered “unreliable” in terms of the facts described in them, within the framework of the cognitive theory of communication. The approach to the miraculous text as a message containing meaning-generating representations, which have a distinctly expressed communicative intent, allows to reassess its content, which in traditional studies is usually devalued as “hagiographic topics”, and to establish the pragmatic function of the text (causa scribendi), which is not always limited to the proof of the sanctity of the hero.

The Square Circle of Margaret Cavendish: the 17th-century conceptualization of mind by means of mathematics

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bertuol
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Margaret Cavendish ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Cultural Choice

The cognitive theory of metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Lakoff, 1987; Lakoff and Turner, 1989) is the basis in this article for investigating the significance of the use of mathematical language, and in particular of the metaphor to square the circle in Margaret Cavendish's poem The Circle of the Brain Cannot be Squared. In the article I begin by introducing Margaret Cavendish as the first 17th-century female poet writing on scientific topics. I then explain how mathematics in the 17th century influenced people's view of reality and the extent to which this is mirrored in poetic language. The theory of cognitive metaphor provides the framework for the elucidation of mathematical concepts used to explain 'unknown' realities like mind and emotions and, in particular, of the central metaphor to square the circle in Cavendish's poem. A brief overview of the criteria of Lakoff and colleagues for analysing metaphors shows that the apparently extravagant metaphor to square the circle was simply a novel poetic extension of the conceptual metaphor UNIVERSE IS MATHEMATICS that, like other types of metaphors considered by cognitive linguists, is grounded in everyday experience. Further, Werth's (1994) remarks about the reasons behind the poet's use of particular concepts to explain others help highlight another important aspect at the basis of the production of novel metaphors, namely that of 'poetic choice'. Finally, I elaborate on Werth's remarks by drawing attention to what I term cultural choice, that is, to the influence that common knowledge and beliefs shared by the members of a linguistic community exert on the poet's choice of metaphors. The analysis of the poem shows that the topic and language of the poem, as well as the subtext, that is, the length of lines and the stanza form, depend on metaphoric projections from the domain MATHEMATICS. Through the conceptual metaphor NATURE IS MATHEMATICS, Cavendish explains man's attempt to take control over irrationalia such as fancy and female nature. The impossibility of squaring the circle is used as a proof to demonstrate that nature and fancy cannot be restricted and, at the same time, to give Cavendish a hope of acceptance in the male-dominated world.

scholarly journals EL LÉXICO DE LA VIDA COTIDIANA EN TIERRA DE CAMPOS EN EL SIGLO XVII (APEROS Y RECIPIENTES AGRÍCOLAS) = The daily lexicon in Tierra de Campos in the Seventeenth century (agricultural tools and containers)

2020 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Marta Miguel Borge
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
People's Daily

<p>No cabe duda de que los inventarios de bienes proporcionan una información muy valiosa sobre el léxico de la vida cotidiana. En nuestro caso, hemos realizado un muestreo en la comarca de Tierra de Campos en el siglo XVII. El corpus documental se configura a partir de protocolos notariales obtenido en los Archivos Históricos Provinciales de León, Palencia, Valladolid y Zamora. Estos inventarios constituyen una herramienta fundamental para conocer el léxico de los bienes y objetos que componían el día a día de las personas. En nuestro caso, el campo semántico estudiado se centra en la actividad agrícola.</p><p>There is no doubt that property inventories provide invaluable information about the lexicon of everyday life. In our case, we have carried out a sampling in the Tierra de Campos region (Castile and Leon, Spain) in the 17th century. The documentary corpus has been taken from the notarial protocols from the Provincial Historical Archives of León, Palencia, Valladolid, and Zamora. These inventories are an essential tool to find out the lexicon of the goods and objects of people's daily life. In our case, focused on agricultural activity.</p>

scholarly journals Details of the Peasants Everyday Life in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th Century and the First Half of the 17th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Neringa Dambrauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Dwelling House ◽  
The People ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Everyday Living

This article deals with the aspects of everyday life of the peasants who lived in private estates of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th – the first half of the 17th century. The research was mainly based on published and unpublished acts of court cases, additional information is found in the estate inventories and descriptions provided by the people who travelled through Lithuania. The analysis revealed that the homestead of the peasants were usually modest – it consisted of few wooden buildings, the most important of which being a dwelling house, a granary and a cattle-shed, but richer peasants lived in larger homesteads with more different buildings. Peasants usually lived in wooden farmhouses with a stove, whereas some part of the peasants in Samogitia still lived in the so-called numas with a fireplace. Peasants’ main clothes were sermėgos, sheepskin coats, shirts, woman’s cloaks; some peasants could afford to have more expensive clothes. The main food products included different kinds of grain, first of all, stocks of rye, as well as peas, different vegetables, flitch, dairy products. Probably only richer peasants ate meat more often. There were important various household effects and work tools in the peasant homestead. Although the life of peasants was modest, however there existed differences in the standard of everyday living during the period under discussion.

scholarly journals Simulakra Baudrillard dalam Multidimensi Posmodernisme: Kajian Fotografi Makanan dalam Media Sosial Instagram

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Adya Arsita
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
Tv Shows

Makanan kini dipandang dengan sudut pandang yang berbeda, karena ia tak lagi sekedar kebutuhan pokok, tetapi telah dimaknai jauh dari fungsi utamanya.  Telah sekian lama makanan menjadi simbol kemakmuran orang yang berpunya sejak dari abad ke-16 dan ke-17 yang ditunjukkan dalam lukisan-lukisan di masa itu, yang kini kemudian meraih masa gemilangnya melalui berbagai tayangan di televisi, majalah, dan buku-buku masakan.  Makanan tidak lagi sekedar apa yang dimakan, tetapi menjadi sesuatu yang dipamerkan dan berkembang menjadi gaya hidup.  Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi komunikasi, orang cenderung mengumbar kegemarannya akan makanan melalui berbagai media sosial, salah satu yang terkenal yaitu Instagram.  Visualisasi makanan telah diekspos sedemikian rupa dari menu rumahan yang sederhana hingga makanan kelas atas yang biasanya tersaji di restoran mewah.Tulisan ini membahas banyaknya foto-foto makanan yang diunggah ke dalam berbagai akun Instagram dan kemudian akan dicoba untuk menemukan bagaimana unggahan tersebut mempengaruhi keseharian kita.  Metode yang digunakan adalah mengaitkan teori simulakra dari Baudrillard dengan pendekatan multidimensi posmodernisme.  Akun Instagram dipilih secara acak berdasarkan tampilan enam frame pertamanya yang menampilkan foto-foto makanan, yang kemudian foto-foto tersebut dianalisis menggunakan kajian simulakra dari Baudrillard. Hasil temuan dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa orang tidak lagi mengonsumsi sesuatu (makanan) sesuai fungsinya, tanpa disadari mereka telah mengonsumsi sebuah tanda yang akhirnya akan meletakkan mereka ke dalam hirarki, kelompok, dan kelas dengan kemampuan mengonsumsi yang sama.  Instagram merupakan salah satu media sosial yang menggunakan foto sebagai instrumen untuk berkembangnya budaya visual yang makin memperkuat berlangsungnya simulakra dalam keseharian, yang memisahkan objek dari apa yang seharusnya direpresentasikannya hingga ke ambang batas nihilisme dan orang tidak bisa lagi mengenali apa yang sesungguhnya mereka apresiasi. Food has been seen in different views nowadays, it is not merely one of the staples, but it has gone far beyond its primary function.  Food has long been a symbol of prosperity of the haves since the 16th  until the 17th century through paintings, which later these days regains its triumph in the abundant TV shows, magazines and cook books.  Food is no longer what we eat, but it is something to show off and lately it has become a lifestyle.  Along with the advanced communication technology, people tend to flaunt their food fetish through various social media, one that has become so popular is Instagram.  The visuality of food has been vividly exposed from simple home cooking   menu to high-end foods such those served in fine dining restaurants.   This article tries to analyze the massive photographs of food uploaded in several random accounts of Instagram, and then to find out to what extent they influence our everyday life.  The method employed is Baudrillard’s simulacra with a hint of approach of multidimensional postmodernism.  Random accounts of Instagram were chosen based on their first six frames or feeds all exposing food,  then those photographs were elaborated and analyzed using Baudrillard’s simulacra.          The findings show that people no longer consume something (food) as it is, but they have consumed ‘signs’ or the prestige symbols embedded in that object.  The act of consuming signs will finally put them in certain hierarchy, groups, and classes with the same interest and ability to consume the same sign in the same way.  Instagram as one  of the social media using the photograph as the instrument in blossoming the visual culture strengthens the simulacra that happens in daily basis, that it seems separating the object from what it should represent until it fades to nihilism and people can hardly recognize what they really appreciate.

scholarly journals THE COLLECTION OF THE STOVE TILES FROM SPASO-PREOBRAZHENSKY MONASTERY IN DUBNO

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-296
Author(s):  
J. L. Pshenichniy ◽  
V. V. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Close Time ◽  
Rich Material

Investigations and new publications of the stove tiles collections allow more fully study regional culture of Ukrainian towns in the 15th—18th centuries. They give rich material for the characteristic of everyday life in influential centers like Spaso-Preobrazhensky monastery in Dubno. Because of archeological excavations the first chronologic group of tiles was distinguished. It had been used until the monastery was rebuilt from wooden to stone complex in the end of the 16th — the beginning of the 17th century. Till this time pot, basin and plate tiles had been used. The top chronologic line of using of tiles with renaissance topics can be correct till the first decades of the 17th century. Close analogies for the ornamental designs on the tiles are known in Polish, Lithuania and Byelorussia. The tiles with knight images testified a guardianship of monastery by the princes Ostrogsky. The identical tiles were used for the decoration of their castle. Craftsmen, who made tiles for the monastery, were doing the same for the castle and also to order of some rich citizens in close time. Their characteristic feature was some kind of mobility, which allows them personally or by mediation of others centers adopt popular styles of that time in Polish and Lithuania.

scholarly journals Science, nomenclature et représentation. L’expérience et l’expérimentation dans La Joie de vivre d’Émile Zola

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Jolanta Rachwalska von Rejchwald
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Literature And Science ◽  
Affirmation Of Life ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents a strict interpenetration of scientific discourse and literary fiction on the example of Zolaʼs La Joie de vivre. The coexistence of these discourses is part of the poetics of ambiguity, which is characteristic of the weave of literature and science, where Science opposes Doubt. The purpose of the article is to reflect on the relationship between Experience (everyday life) and Experience (scientific). This conceptual opposition is embodied in a pair of main characters: Pauline and Lazare, equipped with a different attitude to reality and science. She learns human physiology by experiencing changes in her maturing body, which appears to her as a complex, but full of secrets, beautiful machinery. He lives by fearing the body and seeing it as the source of death. He wants to defeat death by coming up with experimental designs that are supposed to make him great and bring immortality. His failures lead him to Doubt and negation of science. Zola decides nothing balancing between knowledge and doubt, affirmation of life and the inevitability of death.

scholarly journals Sacred Hill (Święta Góra) in the Masurian Lakedland. An early Medieval Hillfort or a Military Camp from the Middle of the 17th Century?

2020 ◽  
Vol 306 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-694
Author(s):  
Maciej Karczewski ◽  
Aleksander Pluskowski ◽  
Małgorzata Karczewska
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Military Camp

scholarly journals VISUAL IMAGERY OF THE CHUVASH SATIRICAL MAGAZINE “KAPKAN” AS AN ETHNOGRAPHIC SOURCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Anna A. Shevtsova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic

The Chuvash literary-fiction illustrated satire and humour magazine “Kapkăn” (“Kapkan”) was chosen as the object of research. Chronological framework of the study covers 1956–1991: published intermittently since 1925in Cheboksary (originally – as a literary appendix to the newspaper “Kanash”), in 1940 the magazine ceased to be published, its issuing was resumed only in 16 years. The rich post-Soviet history of “Kapkan” (its issuing was suspended in 2017) with a changed plot and imagery of the visual series is the topic of a separate study. The broad narrative and figurative range of illustrations of “Kapkan”, their abundance and quality were determined by the fact that over decades of its fruitful work many masters of the genre who were famous outside the Republic and who were published in the central press, collaborated with the magazine, including publications in the “elder brother” of republican propaganda satirical publications – the subordinate edition of the newspaper “Pravda» – “Crocodile” magazine. The lack of studies on iconography of the Soviet period of the journal “Kapkan” determines the novelty of the research. The aim of the study is to determine the opportunities of using the visual imagery of the mentioned periodical as an ethnographic source and a source on the history of everyday life. The author considered the methods of content- and context-analysis as the most adequate ones in this case. Turning to such subjects as mismanagement, localism, nepotism, bribery, bureaucracy, artists give considerable food for thought to historians who study the problems of everyday life. The visual imagery of “Kapkan” of the postwar period makes it possible to study not only Soviet social problems through aspects of everyday life of an “ordinary Soviet man”, but classical anthropological subjects (kinship and connection by marriage, gift exchange, power, rites of transition, initiation, social experience passing, work ethic, etc.) as well. “Socialist in content”, the graphic art of the Chuvash caricaturists, was nevertheless sometimes “national in form”. At the same time, “Kapkan” did not too much work the pedals of purely national plots, did not strive for spectacular exoticism. The magazine which was published in the Chuvash language knew and understood its readers, their needs, their daily life. The emotional degree of illustrations to the “Kapkan” ranged from mild patronizing humor to hard-edged accusatory satire; it is important that the stated balance – humor and satire – in an uneasy and often ideologized environment was almost always maintained. A wide range of themes and subjects, the skill to combine graphic materials of different artists, professionals and amateur masters with their own creative manner deserve the closest attention of researchers.

HUMAN OBSERVING (VISIONS, SIGNS, PROPHECIES IN ANCIENT RUSSIA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Karavashkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Prophecies, visions and omens were widely represented in the monuments of East Slavic writing from the first steps of its development to the 17th century. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that predictions in ancient Russian literature were not always accompanied by visions and signs. Sometimes the prophecies were quite mundane and were closely related to the image of everyday life. The paper considers two types of observers. The one-impartially depicts everything seen, without accompanying the story with judgements and characteristics. The other-actively participates in events, makes predictions an important element of their picture of the world, seeks not only to fix what is happening, but also to contribute to the fulfillment of predictions.

scholarly journals Musical everyday life of Volhynia in the middle of 16th ‒ early 17th cc.

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Bezpalko ◽  
Ivan Kuzminskyi
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Pipe Organs ◽  
Autochthonous Population ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The presented article is the first study of this kind, where the musical life of Volhynia of the mid 16th - early 17th century is specially considered. In the study, we almost exclusively focused on the secular segment of musical everyday life. On the basis of the analysis of historical acts, fiscal accounting documents and other sources, three thematic sections were formed. The first section is devoted to the study of musicians in Volhynia. In the fiscal accounting documents, initially the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown), various terms are used to refer to musicians and related professions: "dudari", "skomorokhy", "skrypali", "trubachi", "medwednyky" "muzyky", "hudky". From these and other documents we learn about the number of musicians in different small settlements. Among the nicknames that were given to musicians, the "dudnyk" and "skrypka" prevail, sometimes there is a "hudka". Separately, in the act documents other music specialties are mentioned: "Jews Cantors", "organist", "pyshchyk", "trubach", "bubnist". Also, in the documents of such kind, one could find some episodes from the everyday life of the musicians. Musical instruments are discussed in the second section of the article: "kobza", "turkish kobza", "lute", "quintar lute", "violin", "italian violin", "cithara", "duda", "smyk", "truba", "bubon". The last section deals with two separate phenomena of Volhynia musical culture - music in dance and Volochebnyy ceremonies. The lack of study of Volhynia musical culture in previous years encouraged the emergence of various myths, in particular, about the poverty of the musical culture of the Volhynia autochthonous population. According to the myth, the pipe organs of the Catholic temples were brought to these territories by the Polish colonists after the Union of Lublin. However, as it is shown in the article, the first mention of the Lutsk organist dates back to the time before the Union of Lublin and the name of organist indicates his Ruthenian origin. Thus, the obtained results allow us not only to fill the gaps in Ukrainian historical musicology of the mid 16th - early 17th century, but also to hope for the appearing of similar studies of other Ukrainian lands.

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