scholarly journals Performance Assessment of the Developed Flux Powder on the Tensile and Hardness Properties of Steels Joints Using TIG-Welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Sunday A. Afolalu ◽  
Omolayo M. Ikumapayi ◽  
Temitayo S. Ogedengbe ◽  
Moses E. Emetere
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Metal Weld

The conversion of waste to wealth has recently grossed high attention as it possesses the ability to boost the economy of any nation; hence, this research. In this study, the characterization and investigation of mechanical properties of nano- flux (CaO) welding powder developed from bio-agrowaste (eggshell) was carried out. Mild, galvanized and stainless steel of plates and rods were used as parent metals for the experiment. Results obtained from hardness test in the base metal, weld joint and heat affected zone for the galvanized and mild steel plates with nano-flux powder gave the best hardness of 111.95, 120.30, 182.99 and 206.21, 164.85, 110.56 BHN respectively. The tensile stress obtained both for mild and stainless steel was 88.14 MPa while the tensile strain obtained for both plates were 0.0155 mm/mm. Microstructural analysis results shows an improvement in the structure, surface and patterns of the weld with the use of developed flux compared with imported flux. Hence eggshells can be recycled and used for developing flux powder for welding processes.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of LR Grade a Thick Plate Welded by Double Side Gas Metal Arc Welding

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Yustiasih Purwaningrum ◽  
Triyono ◽  
Tegar Rileh Argihono ◽  
Ryan Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

Mechanical and microstructure of double side weld with various angle groove was studied in this research. LR Gr A steel plates (12 mm thickness) were welded using GMAW with corresponding 180 A, 23 V, and 20 l/min respectively with current, voltage, and gas flow. Shielding gas and filler metals used are argon and ER 70S-6. The angle groove that used were 20⁰, 40⁰ and 60⁰. The measured of mechanical properties with regard to hardness, toughness and strength using, Vickers hardness test, Charpy impact test and tensile test respectively The microstructure examined with optical microscope. The results show that the highest hardness values found in welds with groove angle 40ͦ. The transition temperatures of weld metals are at temperatures between -20°C to 0°C. Weld metals with all variations of the groove angle has a value of less than 0.1 mmpy. Microstructure of base metals and HAZ were ferrite and pearlite. While the microstructure of weld metals are accicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.

scholarly journals Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Porosity and Mechanical Properties of 316 L Stainless Steel Prepared by the Selective Laser Melting Method

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4377
Author(s):  
Tomas Cegan ◽  
Marek Pagac ◽  
Jan Jurica ◽  
Katerina Skotnicova ◽  
Jiri Hajnys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
316 L Stainless Steel

The manufacturing route primarily determines the properties of materials prepared by additive manufacturing methods. In this work, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of 316 L stainless steel prepared by the selective laser method have been determined. Three types of samples, (i) selective laser melted (SLM), (ii) selective laser melted and hot isostatic pressed (HIP) and (iii) selective laser melted and heat treated (HT), were characterized. Microstructural analysis revealed that SLM samples were formed by melt pool boundaries with fine cellular–dendritic-type microstructure. This type of microstructure disappeared after HT or HIP and material were formed by larger grains and sharply defined grain boundaries. The SLM-prepared samples contained different levels of porosity depending on the preparation conditions. The open interconnected LOF (lack of fusion) pores were observed in the samples, which were prepared with using of scanning speed 1200 mm/s. The blowhole and keyhole type of porosity were observed in the samples prepared by lower scanning speeds. The HIP caused a significant decrease in internal closed porosity to 0.1%, and a higher pressure of 190 MPa was more effective than the usually used pressure of 140 MPa, but for samples with open porosity, HIP was not effective. The relatively high yield strength of 570 MPa, tensile strength of 650 MPa and low ductility of 30–34% were determined for SLM samples with the lower porosity content than 1.3%. The samples after HIP showed lower yield strengths than after SLM (from 290 to 325 MPa) and relatively high ductility of 47.8–48.5%, regardless of the used SLM conditions.

Characterization of Dissimilar Welded Joints Between Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Grades for Liquid Tank Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ubertalli ◽  
M. Ferraris ◽  
P. Matteis ◽  
D. Di Saverio
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Welding Processes

Lean duplex stainless steels have similar corrosion and better mechanical properties than the austenitic grades, which ensure their extensive spreading in industrial applications as a substitute of austenitic grades. In the construction of liquid tanks, however, it is often necessary to weld such steels with a range of fittings which are commonly fabricated with austenitic stainless steel grades. Therefore, this paper examines dissimilar welded joints between LDX 2101 (or X2CrMnNiN22-5-2) lean duplex stainless steels plates and austenitic stainless steel pipes, carried out by different arc welding processes. The investigation focuses on the correlation between the welding procedures and the microstructural and mechanical properties of the welded joints.

Mechanical Properties Comparison of Stainless Steel 304L and Carbon Steel BS1387 Prior to Orbital Welding

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nizam Ayof ◽  
Z.M. Noh ◽  
N.I.S. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Orbital Welding ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Temperature Water

Dissimilar metal joint (DMJ) is one of many joining methods for welding processes which is common in the power plant, chemical and petrochemical industries. Stainless steel pipe and carbon steel pipe are the most widely used in this technique. In order to perform DMJ to these metals, it is important to understand the mechanical properties of both base materials. In this study, the characterizations of stainless steel (SS) 304L and carbon steel (CS) BS1387 were made. The SS 304L and CS BS1387 were cut out from pipes according to ASTM E 8M-04, before their tensile and microhardness properties were measured and evaluated. The results show that the SS 304L has better mechanical properties compared to the CS BS1387 pipe in terms of tensile strength and hardness. Due to the higher mechanical properties, SS 304L was selected to conduct higher temperature water, while CS BS1387 was selected to conduct room temperature water.

scholarly journals Welding Soundness of a Thick-Walled 9Cr-1Mo Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Woo Seog Ryu ◽  
Sung Ho Kim ◽  
Dae Whan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Stress ◽  
Narrow Gap ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Narrow Gap Welding ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Welding Processes

High Cr ferritic/martensitic steels are demanded to join using favorable welding processes with economical and metallurgical advantages in order to apply to the thick-walled reactor pressure vessel of a very high temperature gas cooled reactor. Narrow gap welding technology was adopted to weld a thick-walled 9Cr-1Mo-1W steel with thickness of 110mm. The welding integrity was checked by non-destructive examination, optical microscopy and hardness test, and the homogeneity through welding depth was checked by absorbed impact energy and tensile strength. The optimizing welding conditions resulted that a narrow U-grooved gap with almost parallel edges was sound in actual practice, and the coarse grain zone was minimized in the heat affected zone. The absorbed energy of 75±25 J through welding depth was acceptable in scatter band to check the uniformity through the welding depth. The ultimate tensile stress and yield stress were about the same through welding depth at 650±10 MPa and 500±10 MPa, indicating no difference through welding depth. Elongation was also almost same through depth, and the fracture surface was appeared as a normal. The weld metal had similar mechanical properties to base metal. The upper self energy of weld metal was 194J, and the ductile-brittle transition temperature was 30°C. The tensile behavior was the typical trend with temperature, and YS and UTS of weldment were slightly higher than base metal by nearly below 10%. Thus, it concluded that the soundness of the narrow gap welding of a thick-walled 9Cr-1Mo-1W steel was confirmed in terms of the welding uniformity through the depth and mechanical properties.

The Effect of Stand - Off Distance on the Mechanical Properties of TIG Butt Joints of 316 Stainless Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Hala M. Gnedi ◽  
Khawla T. Snoussi ◽  
Abulmaali M. Taher ◽  
Thoria G. Sharef ◽  
Yousef Arebi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hardness Values

The objective of this study is to investigate and determine the effect of the stand-off distance (distance between the welded plates) on the mechanical properties of the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded joints. Butt TIG welding was performed for 316 stainless steel (SS) by using different pre welding stand-off distances with fixing the other parameters (thickness of welded plates, voltage, current, groove shape, and scanning speed). The influence of the stand-off distance parameter was examined by using tensile test, hardness test in the three different regions (base metal, heat effected zone, and molten zone), non-destructive testing (including visual inspection, liquid pentrant and X – ray) and microscopic examinations. Results show that the stand-off distance is one of the most important geometrical parameters of the Butt welded joints to end by good mechanical properties. It is found that the optimum stand-off distance was about 1 mm (shows the highest hardness results), but still there were some defects in some spots in the molten metal zone which caused a decrease in the hardness values in these locations. The 2 mm stand-off distance shows reasonable results, and the worst case was recorded for the 0 mm stand-off distance condition. Generally the hardness values of the heat affected zone in all conditions were the highest when compared to both metal welding zone and the base metal zone.

Microstructural evolution and properties of tungsten inert gas and fiber laser welded SUS445 ferritic stainless steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-694
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Lu ◽  
Huei-Sen Wang ◽  
Chih-Chun Hsieh ◽  
Jie-Jyun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Laves Phases ◽  
Welding Processes

Abstract To determine the weldability of SUS445 ferritic stainless steel, two welding approaches, tungsten inert gas and fiber laser welding processes, were used and compared. After the welding processes, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the welds were investigated. In the weld fusion zones of these two welding approaches, different morphologies of the grains were obtained. No obvious precipitation formed in these zones. In the heat affected zone of the tungsten inert gas welds, more volume fraction and larger grain sizes of the Laves phase and larger matrix grains were observed, which significantly affected its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, in the heat affected zone of the fiber laser welds, only small amounts Laves phases and a relatively narrow matrix grain growth area were observed, which offers better corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

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