scholarly journals Coping with Stress and Pain in Hard and Soft Adventure Mountain Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Piotr Próchniak
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Pain Coping ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Preventive Coping ◽  
The Future ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Several scales were used to assess the levels of coping with stress and pain of 97 Polish hard adventure mountain athletes (Mage = 30.50, SD = 9.45), who climb in winter using mountain ice axes, harnesses, hooks or ropes in high mountains, and 103 Polish soft adventure mountain athletes who summer hike in low mountains (Mage = 28.30, SD = 6.50). The results indicated significant differences between soft and hard adventure climbers in the ways climbers react to stress. The hard adventure climbing group had significantly higher means on the Preventive Coping, Proactive Coping, Task-Oriented Coping, Diverting Attention, Reinterpretation of Pain, Ignoring Pain, Coping Self-Statements and Behavioural Strategies than the soft adventure mountain athletes, but lower means on Emotion-Oriented Coping, Catastrophising and Praying/Hoping compared to the soft mountain athletes group. This study also examined the factor structure of the coping scales in the climbers’ samples. The results suggested that the coping scales contain the following three factors: Passive-Oriented Coping, Future-Oriented Coping and Appraisal-Oriented Coping. The extracted factors discriminate between soft and hard adventure mountain athletes. The hard adventure mountain athletes had significantly higher means on the Future-Oriented Coping and the Appraisal- Oriented Coping, and a lower mean on Passive-Oriented Coping than the soft mountain athletes group.

Examining the Structure of the Schedule of Sexist Events: Replication and Extension

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia V. Matteson ◽  
Bonnie Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Future ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Health And Well Being

The current study reexamined the factor structure of the Lifetime and Recent scales of the Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE; Klonoff & Landrine, 1995 ) and conducted the first factor analysis of the SSE-Appraisal scale ( Landrine & Klonoff, 1997 ). Factor analyses conducted with data from 245 women yielded, for SSE-Lifetime and SSE-Appraisal scales, two reliable factors that can be scored as “Intimate and Personal Experiences of Sexist Events” and “Unfair Treatment Across Public Contexts” subscales. Data from the SSE-Recent scale yielded three factors that can be scored as “Sexist Degradation and Its Consequences,” “Unfair and Sexist Events at Work/School,” and “Unfair Treatment in Distant and Close Relationships” subscales. Recommendations are made for the future use of these proposed subscales in conjunction with total scale scores in research using the SSE to examine links between reported experiences of sexist events and women's health and well-being.

Psychological Treatment of Chronic Auditory Hallucinations: Two Case Studies

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Haddock ◽  
Richard P. Bentall ◽  
Peter D. Slade
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Two cases involving the cognitive-behavioural treatment of hallucinations are described. In both cases, a focusing strategy was used with a view to enabling patients to reattribute the nature and meaning of their experiences. One patient showed a marked reduction in the frequency and content of his voices. The second patient showed little change. The implications of observations made during therapy for the future development of cognitive-behavioural strategies for use with psychotic patients are discussed.

Moderation role of proactive coping between psychological place attachment and its mental health consequences in sojourners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rida Muhammad Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Preventive Coping ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The study also examined the moderating impact of proactive coping strategies in the relationship of psychological place attachment and mental health related outcomes in sojourners. Methods The study was based upon self-report measures including Psychological Place Attachment Scale, Proactive Coping Inventory, Warwick Edinburg Mental Well-being Scale and Kasler Psychological Distress Scale. Total 300 sojourners participated in the study.  Participants Academic sojourners are students who stay in a place for a limited period of time. Data of sojourners (N = 300) was collected from Sargodha using four self-report measures. Results Data analysis through PROCSS 3.2 revealed that Proactive coping, preventive coping and reflective coping were significantly moderated the relationship between affective and psychological distress. Proactive coping and reflective coping were significantly moderated the relationship between affective bonding and mental wells-being. Proactive coping preventive coping and avoidance coping significantly moderated the relationship home meaning and psychological distress. Proactive coping was moderated the relationship between home meaning and psychological distress. Proactive coping and reflective coping were moderated the relationship between place identity and psychological distress. Proactive coping was moderated the relationship between place identity and mental well-being. Instrumental support seeking was moderating the relationship between place dependence and psychological distress. Preventive coping and reflective coping were moderated the relationship between psychological place attachment and psychological distress. Reflective coping, strategic planning and preventive coping were significantly moderated the relationship between psychological place attachment and mental well-being. Continuous...

Combat Deployment Experiences and Soldier Mental Health: Examining the Factor Structure of a Combat Experiences Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Sherman ◽  
Nicky Frye-Cox ◽  
Mallory Lucier-Greer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Health Symptoms

ABSTRACT Introduction Researchers and practitioners are invested in understanding how deployment experiences impact the nearly 193,000 U.S. service members who deploy in a given year. Yet, there remains a need to adequately identify salient deployment experiences through survey measurement tools and understand how differential experiences are uniquely related to mental health outcomes. Therefore, this study examined the factor structure of an established combat experiences measure from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS) dataset to identify underlying survey constructs that reflect nuanced deployment experiences. Then, we examined the association between diverse combat experiences and current mental health symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms) and the mediating role of coping. Materials and Methods Data were drawn from the Army STARRS data (N = 14,860 soldiers), specifically the All Army Study component. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to examine the dimensionality of the combat experiences scale, and then a path model was conducted to examine the relationships between combat experiences, coping with stress following a deployment, and mental health symptoms while controlling for relevant individual and interpersonal factors. Results Results from the principal component analysis suggested that the Army STARRS combat experiences scale encompasses two components, specifically: “Expected combat experiences” and “Responsible for non-enemy deaths.” Both “Expected combat experiences” and “Responsible for non-enemy deaths” were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively, and “Responsible for non-enemy deaths” was also indirectly linked to these mental health outcomes through coping with stress after deployment. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the dimensionality of combat experiences and offer practitioners a more nuanced understanding of how to process unique combat experiences that differentially relate to mental health symptoms.

Differentiating between Leadership Competencies and Styles

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed ◽  
Noor Azmi bin Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Task Oriented

Literature reveals a number of confusions within the area of project management regarding the use of terminology and differing interpretations, concerning leadership competencies and leadership styles. In project management literature, many empirical studies have examined the influence of leadership competencies or styles, but yet any substantial review study has rarely been conducted to differentiate between leadership competencies and styles. This study aims to differentiate between leadership competencies and leadership styles in project management literature. This study found that the project manager's leadership terms including competence, competency, competencies, and styles have frequently been used in project management literature. Furthermore, literature has been synthesized to provide more familiarity and understanding on leadership competencies and styles. Findings indicate that leadership competencies and styles are two different things but a few characteristics are common between both the terms. Furthermore, leadership competencies are more suitable for task-oriented activities and leadership styles are more appropriate for relationship-oriented factors. This study has implications for the future directions to identify differences between project manger's average and superior performance through comparison of leadership competencies and styles.

Personality and temperamental determinants of styles of coping with stress in male and female football players

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Magdalena Naczk-Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Polish Adaptation ◽  
Task Oriented

The aim of this paper was to determine the patterns of personality and temperament conditions for coping with stress in football players. The study examined 252 people (168 men, 84 women, the average age was 24.09 years). The athletes were representatives of the Ekstraklasa, and the I and II football Liga. They formed 3 groups: the fi rst group comprised men from the Ekstraklasa, the second - men from the II Liga and the third - women from the Ekstraklasa and the I Liga. The research made use of the following tools: NEO- FFI Personality Inventory in the Polish adaptation by Zawadzki et al. (1998), FCB - TI Temperament Questionnaire (1997), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) by Endler and Parker, in the Polish adaptation by Strelau et al. (2007). Analysis of the results showed that agreeableness (AG), conscientiousness (CS) and perseverance (PE) proved to be important predictors of the task-oriented coping (TOC). Emotion-oriented coping (EOC) is conditioned by: neuroticism (NEU), agreeableness (AG), conscientiousness (CS) and perseverance (PE). In the case of avoidance coping (AOC), extraversion (E) and activity (A) turned out to be important predictors. However, the style of coping oriented towards engagement in substitute activities (involving in substitute activities - ISA) is conditioned by: neuroticism (NEU) and extraversion (E). Extraversion is also the predictor of dealing with stress oriented towards searching for social contacts (social contacts seeking – SCS).

scholarly journals Identity dimensions versus proactive coping in late adolescence while taking into account biological sex and psychological gender

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kalka ◽  
Bartosz Karcz
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Psychological Gender ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Moderator

Abstract The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between proactive coping strategies and the dimensions of identity formation, along with the role of biological sex and psychological gender as moderators for this relationship. We conducted analyses aimed at showing differences in terms of identity dimensions levels and proactive coping strategies used by a group of individuals with different biological sex and psychological gender. A group of 101 students from upper secondary schools (47 females, 54 males) from Pomeranian Voivodeship took part in the study. We used in our research The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale; The Psychological Gender Inventory and The Proactive Coping Inventory for Adolescents. We found, among others, that in the case of a proactive strategy, biological sex turned out to be a significant moderator in the relationship between this variable and identity dimensions: ruminative exploration, commitment-making and identification with commitment. In the case of instrumental support seeking, psychological gender turned out to be a significant moderator for the relationship between these variables and a part of identity dimensions. The obtained results show that, regardless of whether young people, in terms of characteristics that are stereotypically associated with biological sex, are described as aschematic (undifferentiated individuals) or schematic (sex-typed) when entering adulthood and attempting to constitute themselves, more often cope in a task-oriented manner by trying to create a set of information useful in difficult situations and aspire to obtain informational support from individuals in one’s own social network, who are regarded as safe people.

scholarly journals Coping styles and aggressiveness in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Łodygowska ◽  
Natalia Hendzelewska ◽  
Martyna Tyl
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Constructive Methods ◽  
Polish Adaptation ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Psychological Inventory

Introduction: Aggressiveness and aggression are important factors contributing to the functioning of young people and their adaptation to the environment. Despite numerous studies on aggression, there are actually no studies on methods of coping with stress among aggressive adolescents. Therefore, the aim of the presented research was to verify whether adolescents with different levels of aggressiveness/aggression reveal different tendencies in the use of styles of coping with stress.Materials and methods: We studied 135 adolescents (aged 16–18), using: 1) the Psychological Inventory of Aggression Syndrome (IPSA) by Gas – enabling identification of three main dimensions of aggression: S – self-aggression, U – internal aggression, and Z – external aggression; and 2) the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) by Endler and Parker, in the Polish adaptation by Strelau et al.Results: Based on their level of aggression, the participants were divided into three groups. Compared to their more aggressive peers, in stressful situations, adolescents scoring low on S, U, and Z significantly more frequently use task-oriented and significantly less frequently use emotion- and avoidance-oriented coping styles. There is a link between the level of aggressiveness/ aggression and the tendency to prefer emotion-focused coping and avoidance-oriented coping in the form of distraction, described as a tendency to engage in substitute activities.Conclusions: Elevated aggressiveness/aggression significantly limits the individual’s ability to use constructive methods of coping with stress.

scholarly journals Latent Profiles Analysis of Personal Determinants of Overcoming Adversity (Russian and Uzbek Samples)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 972-981
Author(s):  
A. V. Vecherin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Preventive Coping ◽  
Latent Profiles ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

The article introduces an analysis of latent profiles of personal determinants of overcoming adversity. The research included 989 Russian respondents aged 18–78 years and 272 Uzbek respondents aged 18–48. The study involved the following methods: Proactive Coping Questionnaire (PCI), Uncertainty Tolerance Questionnaire (MSTAT–II), Positive and Negative Emotions Questionnaire (PANAS). The statistical analysis of latent profiles (LPA) made it possible to describe the best model, which included five latent profiles. This model demonstrated similar profiles in the Russian and Uzbek samples. Profiles with high proactive, reflexive, preventive coping, and strategic planning values accompanied by low social and emotional support values, had a high level of positive and low values of negative decompensation. Profiles with low proactive, reflexive, preventive coping, and strategic planning values combined with high social and emotional support values were associated with high problem avoidance, low tolerance to uncertainty, and a negative decompensation.

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