scholarly journals Analisis Morfofisiologi, Anatomi, dan Histokimia pada Lima Spesies Tanaman Gulma sebagai Respons terhadap Merkuri dan Timbal

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-423
Author(s):  
Rani Apriyani Raharja ◽  
Hamim Hamim ◽  
Yohana Caecilia Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Triadiati Triadiati
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Histochemical Observation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

Plants can be used as phytoremediation agents to improve critical land due to gold mining activities. This experiment aimed to analyze the morphophysiological, anatomical, and histochemical responses of Brachiaria mutica, Cyperus kyllingia, Ipomea aquatica, Mikania micrantha, and Paspalum conjugatum in response to the application of heavy metals mercury and lead in the forms of Hg(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 in hydroponic experiments and to determine the ability of these plants to accumulate both metals. Morphological responses were observed by measuring number of leaves and plant dry weight, and physiological responses were observed by analyzing photosynthetic pigments, while anatomical and histochemical responses were analyzed by microscopic observation to tranversal slice of roots and leaves. The results showed that the applications of Hg(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 treatments caused decreases in number of leaves, plant dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid). The treatments also decreased leaf thickness due to the decrease in the epidermis, but they caused the increases in exodermis and endodermis of the roots. Mercury and lead were accumulated in large amounts in the roots, but accumulation in the shoot was less. Histochemical observation showed that lead was found in the roots of all the plants, especially in endodermic tissue and the vessel, whereas in the leaves the two metals were detected in the upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll, and vessel. Among the five species tested, C. kyllingia and P. conjugatum were the most tolerant to Pb and Hg.

scholarly journals Short-term physiological responses to copper stress in Salvinia auriculata Aubl.

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andresa Lana Thomé Bizzo ◽  
Aline Chaves Intorne ◽  
Pollyana Honório Gomes ◽  
Marina Satika Suzuki ◽  
Bruno dos Santos Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chlorophyll B

AIM: To evaluate, in a short-time exposure, the physiological responses of Salvinia auriculata Aubl. under different concentrations of Cu. METHODS: The plants were exposed to treatments with 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mM of Cu in a period of 2 days. Then development variables of S. auriculata (weight, photosynthetic pigments, and soluble carbohydrate), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, aldehydes, and electrolyte leakage) and production of antioxidants (anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and proline) were evaluated. RESULTS: It was observed fresh weight reductions in concentrations above 1 mM of Cu. Chlorophyll a decreased with the increase of Cu concentrations unlike chlorophyll b. The ratio chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b was changed due to the degradation of photosynthetic pigments. The reductions of carotenoids were more pronounced than that of total chlorophyll. The values of electrolyte leakage ranged from 14 to 82 % and lipid peroxidation from 7 to 46 nmol.g-1. Flavonoids and soluble carbohydrates showed reductions with the increase of Cu concentration. Anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and proline when subjected to 0.1 mM of Cu had increased, suggesting adaptability of plant stress caused directly by metal and reactive oxygen species. In higher concentrations, degradation and/or direct modifications of these molecules possibly occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that S. auriculata is provided with an efficient mechanism against stress caused by Cu in the concentration of 0.1 mM. As for higher concentrations (1 and 10 mM), despite its role as micronutrients, Cu was toxic to the plant due to the redox behavior of this metal, which leads to the exacerbated formation of reactive oxygen species, inducing to severe damage such as biological membrane degradation and protein denaturation.

scholarly journals Response of Calendula officinalis L. Plants to Different Nitrogenous Fertilizers

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 858F-858
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al-Badawy ◽  
Nadia M. Abdalla ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L ◽  
Calcium Superphosphate

Calendula officinalis L. plants were fertilized with urea (46% N), ammonium nitrate (31% N), and ammonium sulfate (20% N) at 0, 25, 50, or 100 kg N/Feddan (4200 m2). The plants also received calcium superphosphate (15.5% P2O5) and potassium sulfate (48% K2O) at 100 and 50 kg/Feddan, respectively. The results showed that fertilizers enhanced vegetative growth and improved flowering aspects compared to control plants. Application of urea at 50 kg N/Feddan gave the highest flower number (119) and flower dry weight (183 g). Moreover, the applied fertilizers increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) in leaves and flowers and the N percentage in shoots. Nevertheless, P and K percentages were decreased.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN PADA TAILING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUIHAN KEMIRI (Alaurites moluccana (L) Wild DI PERSEMAIAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Gustian ◽  
. Burhanuddin ◽  
Wiwik Ekyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Gold mining activities have negatively impacted post-mining land into poor nutrients, low pH, toxic soil, due to heavy metal content, low water holding capacity, low organic matter content and unstable land conditions. To change the tailings to be more productive many of the available technologies, such as the use of manure, compost, litter or the use of soil microbes such as mycorrhiza. The addition of manure can additionally increase nutrient available, can also improve the physical and biological properties of the soil. Alaurites moluccana (L) Wild) is one of the plants classified as a pioneer species because it can grow on critical land with low soil fertility and open soil. Research on ameliorant of tailings to increase the growth of  A. moluccana  in the nursery aims to obtain a mixture of ameliorants with the tailings to enhance the growth of A. moluccana  in the nursery. Treatment was given to the growth of seedlings of A. moluccana  using the Completely Randomized Design (RAL) exprotment method with a total of 8 treatments that included an ameliorant tailing control, tailings with ameliorant a (1: 1, 1: 2, and 1: 3), tailings with ameliorant b (1: 1, 1: 2, and 1: 3) and ultisol soil control, with each treatment repeated 5 times. Data collected were shoot hight (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves and dry weight of plant. The result of tailings treatment  with addition of organic ameliorant gave a very significant effect on the growth of height, diameter, number of leaves and dry weight of the A. Moluccana.  The best media treatment for all parameters is M6 (tailings: kotoran sapi 1: 3). Although virtually all treatments with organic ameliorant  provide better results than controls without the addition of organic ameliorants.Keywords: Tailings, ameliorant, A. moluccana , organic.

scholarly journals Biochar-Improved Growth and Physiology of Ehretia asperula under Water-Deficit Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10685
Author(s):  
Thi-Lan-Huong Hoang ◽  
Dong-Cheol Jang ◽  
Quang-Tin Nguyen ◽  
Won-Ho Na ◽  
Il-Seop Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Wilting Point

Ehretia asperula’s physiological responses to growth performance following oak-wood biochar application under water stress conditions (WSC) and no water stress conditions (non-WSC) were investigated in a pot experiment. Biochar (WB) was incorporated into the soil at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons ha−1 before transplanting Ehretia asperula in the pots. One month after transplanting, Ehretia asperula plants were put under water stress by withholding water for ten days. Water stress significantly decreased the growth and physiology of Ehretia asperula. Under WSC, the application of WB at the concentrations of 15 and 20 tons ha−1 to the soil increased the plant height; number of leaves; fresh and dry weight of the roots, shoots, and leaves; Fv/Fm; chlorophyll content; leaf relative water content; and soil moisture as well as decreased the relative ion leakage. The application of WB enhanced drought tolerance in Ehretia asperula plants by lowering the wilting point. The findings suggest that WB application at the concentration of 15 tons ha−1 could be recommended for ensuring the best physiological responses and highest growth of Ehretia asperula plants.

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Date and Gibberellic Acid on the Growth and Yield of Garlic

2010 ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MH Reza ◽  
SMAHM Kamal ◽  
MA Wazed ◽  
KM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Bulb Yield

An experiment was conducted with a local cultivar of garlic to study the effects of planting date and gibberellic acid on the growth and yield of garlic at the field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2001 to April 2002. Early planting influenced the plant height, leaf number, bulb diameter and total dry matter. With the delay in planting time starting from November 7, the yield was chronologically reduced in later plantings. Significantly the highest bulb yield (2.67 t/ha) was recorded when planting was done on November 7 and lowest yield (0.92 t/ha) was obtained from December 22 planted crop. Bulb yield was higher in control plants than those of GA3 treated plants. The interaction effects of planting date and different concentrations of GA3 differed significantly in respect of plant height, number of leaves, bulb diameter and dry weight of roots, leaves and bulbs and yield of garlic.

scholarly journals MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽  
Fabrina Bolzan Martins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

scholarly journals Perlakuan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk ZA Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam Merah (Amaranthus gangeticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Edy Kustiani ◽  
Mariyono Mariyono ◽  
Bela Citra Ayuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Ideal

Red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) is one of the most popular vegetables because of its high nutritional value and easy cultivation. Efforts to increase the production of red spinach are to fertilize to meet the needs of both macro and micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of ZA fertilizer dose on the growth and yield of red spinach. The environmental design used was a non-factorial, completely randomized design with four replications. The factors tested were the dose of ZA fertilizer which consisted of 6 levels, namely: without ZA fertilizer (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr/polybag (D5). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the results were significantly different, the BNT test was continued at a 5% level. The growth and yield of red spinach showed significant differences due to the ZA fertilizer dose treatment. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest plant height, the number of leaves, and leaf area of red spinach at 14, 21, and 28 days after planting. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest wet and dry weight plants of 49.15 and 4.38 grams, respectively. The ZA 1.2 gr/polybag dose is the ideal dose to increase the productivity of red spinach.Bayam merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) termasuk sayuran penting yang disukai masyarakat karena bernilai gizi tinggi dan mudah pembudidayaannya. Upaya peningkatan hasil bayam merah salah satunya dengan pemupukan untuk menambah nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah pada perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor. Faktor yang diujikan adalah dosis pupuk ZA, terdiri 6 taraf, yaitu: tanpa pupuk ZA (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr /polybag (D5). Percobaan dilakukan dengan ulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Analisis data menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) menghasilkan tinggi, jumlah dan luas daun tanaman bayam merah tertinggi pada pengamatan umur 14, 21, dan 28 HST. Dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) juga menunjukkan berat basah dan berat kering tanaman tertinggi sebesar 49.15 dan 4.38 gram. Dosis ZA 1.2 gr/polybag merupakan dosis ideal untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman bayam merah.

scholarly journals Budidaya Organik Kunyit pada Kluster Biofarmaka Kabupaten Karanganyar

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Samanhudi Samanhudi ◽  
Ahmad Yunus ◽  
Bambang Pujiasmanto
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Potential development of medicinal plants in Karanganyar is very large, because this area is famous as a center of medicinal plants such as ginger, turmeric, kencur, and temulawak. In the development of medicinal plants, the approach of organic cultivation is one of the alternatives that can be done to achieve the business. Therefore the application of technology to society about organic farming on Biopharmaca Cluster of Karanganyar was conducted with the aim to apply organic cultivation techniques that have resulted from previous studies, so it can be applied by the community to increase income and welfare. This application of technology to society activity is held in Sambirejo, Jumantono, Karanganyar. The research was conducted from March to October 2016. The results showed that the application of chicken manure affects the number of leaves, number of tillers, and the fresh weight of turmeric rhizome. The addition of manure (chicken, goat, cow) can increase all variables of planting growth which include plant height, number of leaf, number of tillers, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, and fresh weight of rhizomes. Giving three types of manure (chicken, goat, cow) with mycorrhizal dose treatment there is no intraction to some growth observation variables. Mycorrhizal treatment with a dose of 10 g/plant can increase the number of tillers in turmeric. Overall the application of mycorrhizal at various doses (5, 10, and 15 g/plant) can increase plant height, leaf number, number of tillers, and fresh weight of turmeric rhizome.

scholarly journals Variations of Chlorophyll Content at Abies alba and Nepeta pannonica Species According to Phenophase and Harvesting Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
S. Buhăianu ◽  
Doina Carmen Jităreanu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Abstract Chlorophylls from plants are photosynthetic pigments. Their quantity offers valuable informations about photosynthetic activity, growing and developing of plants. Photosynthetic pigments decrease quantitatively during senescence process or in stress conditions. The present study has been realized in laboratory conditions with material harvested from spontaneous flora. The purpose of this research was the investigation of variations of chlorophyll content from samples of biological material collected from Nepeta pannonica L. and Abies alba Mill. plants, from Câmpulung Moldovenesc and Cacica areas, Suceava county, Romania. The targeted phenophases were growth and flowering. There were realized acetonic extracts from samples for spectrophotometric determinations. Obtained data were processed to estabilish chlorophyll a and b content. There were observed that at Abies alba species, from both locations, the chlorophyll a content grew during flowering phenophase, while the chlorophyll b content had little variations. At Nepeta pannonica species, the chlorophyll a and b content decreased visibly during the flowering, due to stress. Leaves of plants from this species presented a intense green color in the growing phenophase, while during flowering phenophase they had a purple or yellow coloration. Obtained results revealed a different dynamics of chlorophyll content at studied species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document