scholarly journals CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CHOICE OF TOOTHPASTES ON THE BASIS OF MONITORING THE COMPOSITION OF THE ORAL FLUID IN THE INHABITANTS OF INDUSTRIAL AREAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Вера Молвинских ◽  
Vera Molvinskikh ◽  
Надежда Белоконова ◽  
Nadezhda Belokonova ◽  
Татьяна Еловикова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Adsorption Activity ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

The inhabitants of industrial areas are influenced by anthropogenic factors. Harmful chemicals enter the body from the air, drinking water, food and are found in the oral fluid, hard tooth tissues, dental deposits, biopsy of tissue structures and contribute to the development of caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases. Toothpastes and mouthwashes are used for prevention of major dental diseases. The toothpastes contain a variety of abrasives: silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, calcium bicarbonate, hydroxyapatite, which can act as adsorbents of heavy metal compounds. Biomonitoring using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) allows to determine the micro-quantities of metals in blood, urine, human milk, hair and oral fluid. The study of oral hygiene products showed that toothpastes and mouthwashes, used by patients for prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases, have an adsorption activity for metal ions. The article evaluates the adsorption efficiency of medical and preventive toothpaste relative to the metal ions (chromium, manganese, cadmium, lead, etc.) in the oral fluid of the inhabitants of industrial areas. The use of adsorption-effective toothpaste twice a day for two weeks showed a significant decrease in the concentration of metal ions in the mixed saliva of the inhabitants which are under the influence of unfavorable environmental factors. When using a toothpaste containing silicon and titanium oxides, the concentration of manganese, chromium, arsenic, lead and cadmium ions in the oral fluid decreases within 2 weeks. The modern method of ISP-MS is advisable to use for high-precision monitoring of the oral fluid ion composition in patients living in the industrial areas.

Effects of lead and/or cadmium on the distribution patterns of some essential trace elements in immature female rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1914-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xuelei Zhou ◽  
Dubao Yang ◽  
Zhenyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Essential Trace Elements

Lead acetate (300 mg/L) and/or cadmium chloride (50 mg/L) were administered as drinking water to Sprague-Dawley rats for 9 weeks to investigate the effects of concurrent exposure to lead and cadmium on the distribution patterns of five essential trace elements. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and iron in the urine at different exposure times, as well as their levels in the renal cortex and serum at the end of treatment. Compared with the control group, exposure to lead and/or cadmium resulted in a significant increase in the urinary excretion of these five elements during the experiment, whereas significant decreased levels of these elements were found in kidney and serum. In conclusion, increased urinary loss of antioxidant trace elements due to lead and/or cadmium exposure induced the deficiency of antioxidants in the body, which could result in further oxidative damage. Moreover, there was an obvious synergistic effect of lead combined with cadmium on the distribution patterns of these essential trace elements, which may be related to the severity of co-exposure to these two metals.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN WOMEN WITH PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY HESTOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Сергей Чуйкин ◽  
Sergey Chuykin ◽  
Гузель Акмалова ◽  
Guzel' Akmalova ◽  
Елена Егорова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy ◽  
Chamomile Flowers

For a woman’s dental health, pregnancy is a critical period, characterized by an exacerbation of inflammatory periodontal diseases before pregnancy, as well as a significant increase in dental caries. Using a significant group of drugs during pregnancy is not safe for a woman's body. In this regard, in the treatment of periodontal diseases, the inclusion of phytopreparations into the complex of treatment and prophylactic measures that can restore local immunity, reduce inflammation and accelerate the restoration of the mucous membrane, which have minimal side effects on the body as a whole, is of great importance. The aim of the work was to assess the clinical effectiveness of the local use of a new chewing phytosubstrate containing beeswax and dry aqueous boron extract, consisting of oak bark, alder fruit, birch buds, chamomile flowers and thyme grass in women with gingivitis with gestosis complicated pregnancy. Methods. A survey was conducted of 127 pregnant women, of which 79 pregnant with gestosis and 48 patients with a physiological course of pregnancy at the age of 18-34 years in the II and III trimesters. Results. The dental status and physicochemical properties of the oral fluid in women with gestational complications of pregnancy were studied before and after the application of the new phytosubstrate. Conclusions. The chewing substrate containing beeswax and dry aqueous extract consisting of oak bark, alder fruit, birch buds, chamomile flowers and thyme herbs has been found to be highly effective in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis in women with gestosis complicated pregnancy, which was confirmed by improved biochemical and physico-chemical indicators of oral fluid, as well as clinical indicators of dental status. in women with gestational complications.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

scholarly journals Kinetics and isotherm modeling of Pb(II) and Cd(II) sequestration from polluted water onto tropical ultisol obtained from Enugu Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa C. Umeh ◽  
John K. Nduka ◽  
Kovo G. Akpomie
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

AbstractDeterioration in soil–water environment severely contributed by heavy metal bioavailability and mobility on soil surface and sub-surface due to irrational increase in wastewater discharge and agrochemical activities. Therefore, the feasibility of adsorption characteristics of the soil is paramount in curbing the problem of micropollutant contamination in the farming vicinity. Soil from a farming site in a populated area in Enugu, Nigeria was collected and tested to measure the lead and cadmium contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The adsorption potency of the ultisol soil was estimated for identifiable physicochemical properties by standard technique. The mean activity concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was 15.68 mg/kg and 3.01 mg/kg. The pH, temperature, metal concentration and contact time adsorptive effect on the Pb2+ and Cd2+ uptake was evaluated by batch adsorption technique. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were fitted into equilibrium adsorption data and the calculated results depict a better and satisfactory correlation for Langmuir with higher linear regression coefficients (Pb2+, 0.935 and Cd2+, 0.971). On the basis of sorption capacity mechanism of the soil, pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics of both metal ions retention process. The results of the present study indicated that the soil being a low cost-effective adsorbent can be utilized to minimize the environmental risk impact of these metal ions.

scholarly journals Migration of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Food Coating

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Hamed Ahari ◽  
Leila Khoshboui Lahijani
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Packaging containing nanoparticles (NPs) can increase the shelf life of products, but the presence of NPs may hazards human life. In this regard, there are reports regarding the side effect and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. The main aim of this research was to study the migration of silver and copper nanoparticles from the packaging to the food matrix as well as the assessment techniques. The diffusion and migration of nanoparticles can be analyzed by analytical techniques including atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, migration, and titration. Inductively coupled plasma-based techniques demonstrated the best results. Reports indicated that studies on the migration of Ag/Cu nanoparticles do not agree with each other, but almost all studies agree that the migration of these nanoparticles is higher in acidic environments. There are widespread ambiguities about the mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity, so understanding these nanoparticles and their toxic effects are essential. Nanomaterials that enter the body in a variety of ways can be distributed throughout the body and damage human cells by altering mitochondrial function, producing reactive oxygen, and increasing membrane permeability, leading to toxic effects and chronic disease. Therefore, more research needs to be done on the development of food packaging coatings with consideration given to the main parameters affecting nanoparticles migration.

Inter-dialect dispersal is common in the Puget Sound white-crowned sparrow

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 809-834
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Nelson ◽  
Ben M. Nickley ◽  
Angelika Poesel ◽  
H. Lisle Gibbs ◽  
John W. Olesik
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Song Dialects ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Dispersal in birds can have an important influence on the genetic structure of populations by affecting gene flow. In birds that learn their songs, dispersal can affect the ability of male birds to share songs in song dialects and may influence mate attraction. We used Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) trace element analysis on the body feathers of birds to assess dispersal among four song dialects. We found that (1) most males had a feather element profile typical of only one dialect location; (2) males singing non-local (‘foreign’) dialects in a focal population often learned their foreign songs outside the dialect; and (3) females often dispersed among dialects. We estimated 5% dispersal per year by yearling males between the site of moulting and breeding. Our estimate is consistent with genetic estimates of widespread gene flow between dialects in this subspecies of the white-crowned sparrow.

Synthesis of Y2O3: Eu Luminescent Phosphor with Increased Dispersion for Use in Medical Purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Anna B. Vlasenko ◽  
Vadim V. Bakhmetyev ◽  
Sergey V. Mjakin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Annealing ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Pyrogenic Silica

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modern method for treatment of oncological, bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. However, its application is limited to diseases with superficial localization since the body tissues are not transparent for visible light. To address this problem and extend PDT application to abdominal diseases, an enhanced method of X-ray photodynamic therapy (XRPDT) is suggested, involving X-ray radiation easily penetrating the body tissues. The implementation of this approach requires the development of a pharmacological drug including a photosensitizer stimulated by visible light to yield active oxygen and a nanosized phosphor converting X-ray radiation into visible light with the wavelength required for the photosensitizer activation. This study is aimed at obtaining X-ray stimulated phosphors with nanosized particles suitable for XRPDT application. For this purpose, Y2O3:Eu phosphors were synthesized via hydrothermal processing of the corresponding mixed acetate followed by annealing. To prevent from the undesirable agglomeration of the particles in the course of hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent annealing, different techniques were used, including rapid thermal annealing (RTA), microwave annealing and addition of finely dispersed pyrogenic silica (aerosil) to the phosphor. The microwave annealing was carried out using a special installation including a resonance chamber for maintaining a standing wave of microwave radiation. The performed research allowed the determination of hydrothermal processing optimal duration affording the synthesis of phosphors with the highest luminescence brightness. The application of microwave annealing is found to provide phosphors with a more perfect crystal structure compared with RTA. The developed method of Y2O3:Eu phosphor synthesis involving pyrogenic silica addition to the autoclave allowed the preparation of samples with the amorphous structure and significantly reduced the particle size without a considerable decrease in the luminescence brightness. The particle size of the phosphor synthesized with aerosil addition is less than 100 nm that allows its implementation in pharmacological drugs for XRPDT.

Analytical methods for the quantification of selenium species in biological matrix: Where are we?

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Alhasan ◽  
Caroline Perrin-Sarrado ◽  
Claus Jacob ◽  
Caroline Gaucher
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Selenium Species ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Objective: Over the years, scientific investigations have proven the importance of selenium as an essential element for mammals, emphasizing its activity against many diseases and even its prophylactic effects. It is also established now that a malconsumption of selenium can be harmful. Therefore, the nature and the concentration of selenium and its derivatives found in the diet, the body, and even in the environment, for example, in the soil, should be determined carefully. Methods: In this review, analytical methods for speciation and determination of selenium concentrations in biological samples are summarized. Results: Methods ranging from routine to cutting-edge are explored, focusing on their analytical characteristics, such as specificity for discrete selenium species, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, and skills required. Conclusion: There are already numerous studies regarding the analysis of selenium species. Beyond the method employed for actual measurements, we propose to review the preanalytic steps for sample handling in biological matrices, which directly affect results that will be more accurate with careful pretreatment. Furthermore, to reach better outcomes in terms of the identification of selenium species, different combinations of techniques might be the answer. We highlight here the last and the cutting-edge methods to identify and quantify selenium such as, high-performance liquid chromatography combined to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS), hydride-generation combined to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS), or to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES). This review emphasizes the importance of such investigations and the need to achieve reliable, safe, and effective quantification and methods of determination.

Molecular profile of oral fluid in new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
F. N. Gilmiyarova ◽  
O. A. Gusyakova ◽  
D. Y. Konstantinov ◽  
I. A. Selezneva ◽  
I. A. Borodina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Lactate Levels

Oral fluid is an alternative biological material that confirms correlations with blood parameters in various pathological conditions of the body. In order to find a non-invasive approach to stratification of patients with COVID-19 disease, molecular biomarkers of the oral fluid have been determined in patients with moderate coronavirus infection in comparison with clinically healthy individuals. It has been shown that proteomic, carbohydrate, macro- and microelement profiles of the oral fluid in coronavirus infection can be used for diagnostics. The features of protein metabolism were revealed: an increase in the content of total protein, urea; increased activity of enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase; changes in carbohydrate metabolism, which is expressed by an increase in glucose and lactate levels, an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, iron content.

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