Frequency of Oral Manifestation in Diabetic Patients in Yazd 2016-2017

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine diseases with many systemic complications such as oral manifestations. The present study aimed to compare the oral manifestations frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted during 2016-17 on subjects came to Yazd Diabetic Research Center. In this study, 181 type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) and 181 healthy individuals, based on convenient sample method, were included. Two groups were compared for basic information and oral manifestations including candidiasis, oral lichen planus (OLP), periodontitis, xerostomia, delayed oral wound healing, geographic tongue, gingival hyperplasia, fissured tongue, burning mouth and finally at least one of these lesions. Results: The frequency of candidiasis, OLP, periodontitis, delay oral wound healing, geographic tongue, xerostomia and at least one of lesions in diabetics were significantly higher than control group (P-value< 0.001). After regression analysis and adjusting for confounding factors, candidiasis, periodontitis and xerostomia in diabetics were significantly more prevalent than non-DM patients with odds ratio of 15.16 (1.80-127.57), 9.58 (4.68-19.63) and 78.639 (10.05-615.231) respectively. Conclusion: Xerostomia, candidiasis and periodontitis were significantly more prevalent in T2DM than Non-T2DM persons. Therefore, increasing awareness on oral manifestations in this group is recommended for timely diagnosis and referring to an oral medicine.

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Stringent glycemic control is still the key to evade diabetic retinopathy.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.05.4077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (05) ◽

pp. 1011-1016

Author(s):

Syed Munawar Alam ◽

Sagheer Ahmed ◽

Shazia Bano ◽

Shahneela Perveen

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Study Groups ◽

Hplc Method ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Review

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the major determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: Cross sectional, case control study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Period: March 2015 to April 2016. Material & Methods: Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board of JPMC. A total of 208 people including type 2 diabetic patients and healthy control subjects; of male gender, aged between ≥30 years and ≤ 60 years were recruited and assigned to four study groups. Each group comprise of 52 individuals, depending on the ophthalmoscopy findings, i.e. healthy controls, diabetic without retinopathy (NDR), diabetic with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and diabetic with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Fasting blood sugar was estimated using GOD-PAP method, while HbA1c was estimated by HPLC method. Data was analyzed on SPSS software version 16. Results: Diabetics with Diabetic Retinopathy had a poor glycemic control as compare to Diabetics without Diabetic Retinopathy (FBS; 109.12 ± 13.81 vs. 184.29 ± 40.07 vs. 188.6 ± 47.68 vs. 217.06 ± 62.33; p-value = 0.001) (HbA1c; 6.73 ± 0.56 vs. 8.40 ± 1.77 vs. 9.71 ± 1.85 vs. 14.91 ± 3.87; p-value = 0.001). For Diabetic Retinopathy the odds ratio of glycemic control i.e. FBS was observed as 1.019 & HbA1c was recorded as 1.561; which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Glycemic indicators; including FBS and HbA1c, are found to be the major determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in our study.

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Association of high density lipoprotein levels with advancing age in type 2 diabetes patients in Tertiary Hospital.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.09.3268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (09) ◽

pp. 1471-1476

Author(s):

Shahzad Alam Khan ◽

Iqra Imtiaz

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Hdl

Background: HDL particles have several biological functions. Low levels of HDL-cholesterol are responsible for atherosclerotic disease. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease of chronic etiology and low HDL‐cholesterol is frequent finding in diabetics. Levels of HDL with advancing age are inconsistent, few study show decline in HDL with increasing age while others show vice versa results. Objectives: Objective of this study was to establish an association between low HDL levels with advancing age in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Diabetes Outpatient Department Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: 6 months extending from March 2018 to August 2018. Materials and Methods: 145 patients with newly or previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, age >35 years were considered for the study. Those diabetics who had family history of dyslipidemias (to rule out familial hyperlipidemias) were excluded. Study was started after acquiring permission from ethical committee. All the patients were evaluated for the HDL levels by getting a fasting lipid assay. Results: Out of 145 cases 78 (53.6%) were males while remaining 67 (46.4%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 57.27 + 6.91 years. Mean HDL level was 37.82 + 8.42. It was seen that HDL is low in 116/145 (80%) patients. Those diabetic patients who were < 60 (91 cases), HDL was noticed to be low in 67/91(73.62%) patients. Among patients >60 years (54 cases), HDL was identified to be low in 49/54(90.7%) patients. P-value was found out to be 0.012 Conclusion: Due to falling levels of HDL with advancing age in diabetic patients, there is increase in cardiovascular events in elderly diabetic patients. So the measures which tend to increase HDL level will also give protection against adverse cardiovascular event in elderly diabetics.

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NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.01.783 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (01) ◽

pp. 029-033

Author(s):

Nusrat Alavi ◽

Saima Amin ◽

Madiha Mumtaz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Liver ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Radiology Department ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Objectives: To assess the incidence of NAFLD and biochemical profile in nondiabeticand diabetic patients. Study Design: It was a cross sectional descriptive study. Setting:Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences (SIHS), Lahore. Period: Six months, Jan 2015 to Jun2015. Methods: The patients coming to the Radiology Department for abdominal ultrasoundwere age and sex matched into fatty liver and non-fatty liver groups and diabetic and nondiabeticgroups and were further evaluated on the basis of glucose, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and triglycerides (TG) levels from the laboratory data. Results: The findings of allbiochemical parameters were raised in diabetic patients with fatty liver as well as in non-fattyliver diabetic group and the differences were found to be statistically (P value less than 0.05)significant. In non-diabetic group, out of 200 subjects 56.5% had NAFLD whereas 43.5% hadno NAFLD. In diabetic patients, out of 200 patients 69% had NAFLD and 31% had no NAFLDand the difference was significant statistically (P= <0.05). The prevalence of NAFLD 12.5%was higher in type-2 diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic group. In non-diabeticgroup, 113 subjects had TG value of 181±82.49, while 87 subjects had TG of 141±44.5. Indiabetic patients, 138 patients had TG value of 467±277.64 whereas 62 patients had TG valueof 178±46.52, which was statistically significant (P= <0.05). Conclusion: Fatty liver is animportant marker for metabolic syndrome which is a pre-diabetic condition. The occurrenceof NAFLD was elevated in type II patients of diabetes. The traditional risk factors for NAFLDare considered to be female sex, type II diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.Hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated ALT were observed more repeatedly in fattyliver than in non-fatty liver (type II) diabetic patients

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Serum chromium and selenium levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v12i2.35426 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 72-75

Author(s):

Hossneara Eva ◽

Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽

Md Khairul Alam ◽

Shahriar Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption ◽

Serum Chromium

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that several trace elements such as serum chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) levels are altered in type 2 DM and its deficiencies are associated with the development of diabetes related complications.Objective: To assess the serum Cr and Se levels in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015. Fifty type 2 diabetic patients with age ranging from 40 to 55 years were study group and fifty ages, BMI matched healthy subjects were control group. Patients were selected from Bangladesh Institute of Research for Diabetic Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka. Serum Cr and Se levels were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For statistical analysis unpaired Student’s‘t’ test and Chi square test were performed.Results: In this study, serum Cr and Se levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in patients than that of control group. In addition 20% patients had low Cr and 16% had Se deficiencies. Moreover, 6% of control had low Cr and 4% had low Se.Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that serum Cr and Se deficiencies are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2017, December; 12(2): 72-75

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SERUM VITAMIN D LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.05.2549 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (05) ◽

pp. 992-997

Author(s):

Imran Ali Shaikh ◽

Naila Masood ◽

Shazia Memon

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Objective: To find out serum vitamin D levels in type 2 DM patients in Hyderabad.Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Private clinics, OPDs of government hospitals likeQasimabad, Latifabad and Pretabad. Duration: January to July 2013. Patients and Methods:Total 550 patients were selected, 450 patients (250 males and 200 females) taken from differentOPDs of Hyderabad and towns or Tehsils with diagnosis of type 2 Diabetes mellitus andanother 100 patients were taken as control (60 males and 40 females). The mean age was45.6 years. The written consent was obtained and demographic features were noted, 3cc ofblood was taken for estimation of vitamin D levels. The level of vitamin D was done on anElectrochemiluminescence Immuno Assay (ECLIA) at Diagnostic & Research laboratory LiaquatUniversity of Medical &Health sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro, Sind. Results and Observations:Out of 550, 450 diabetic subjects tested for vitamin D, females were 44.4%and 55.5% weremales. The deficiency was seen in 33.7% patients (p <0.04) and Vitamin D insufficiency wasobserved in20% in both sex. In control group, the deficiency was observed in 23% in femalesand 20% in males while insufficiency noted in 5% in both sex. Conclusions: The study showedsignificant decreased levels of vitamin D in type 2 Diabetic subjects than normal individuals. Thevitamin D deficiency increased considerably in females with diabetes type 2.

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Effect of hypothyroidism on lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20201522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 754

Author(s):

Damanpreet Singh ◽

Gurinder Mohan ◽

Arshdeep Bansal

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Diabetic Complication ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Study Group ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormones, and Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that share the phenotype of hyperglycaemia. Both the endocrinopathies have been found to be associated with dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis that result into various complications. Our aim was to assess the difference of dyslipidaemia in patients suffering from hypothyroidism with diabetes as compared to diabetes alone.Methods: Study was conducted in department of medicine in SGRDIMSR, Sri Amritsar. A total of 120 patients were enrolled for the present study, the one who presented to hospital from January 2018 to August 2019 diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. The patients were divided into two groups. 60 patients having type 2 diabetes without hypothyroidism (control group). 60 patients having type 2 diabetes with hypothyroidism (study group). Fasting lipid profile were performed in both the groups and were analysed for the study.Results: Dyslipidaemia was seen more in study group as compared to control group with mean cholesterol of 488.3(±144.43) and mean triglyceride levels of 354.30(±128.57) in study group as compared to control group with mean cholesterol and triglyceride levels of 179.7(±81.47) and 177.08(±118.18) with p-value of 0.001 and 0.01 respectively which were significant. Also, obesity and diabetic complication were more in patients of dual endocrinopathies as compared to diabetes alone which were also significant statistically.Conclusions: From our study it is concluded that type 2 diabetes with hypothyroidism causes more dyslipidaemia as compare to type 2 diabetes alone. So proper screening of thyroid profile of type 2 diabetic patients and its correction helps in achieving better lipidemic control which further prevent complications.

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Effect of Different HIIT Protocols on the Glycemic Control and Lipids Profile in Men with type 2 diabetes: A Randomize Control Trial

Iranian journal of diabetes and obesity ◽

10.18502/ijdo.v11i2.2658 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hessam Golshan ◽

Mohammadreza Esmaelzadeh Toloee ◽

Hamid Abbasi ◽

Nasim Namiranian

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

High Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Volume ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Objective: : High intensity interval training (HIITs) can induce weight control, lowering blood pressure and beneficial effects on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients. The effect of different volumes of these exercises is unclear in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of low volume and high volume of short-term intensive training on glycemic indexes of men with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Thirty type 2 diabetes male patients who were referred to Yazd diabetes research center (30 - 46 years old) were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups of low and high volume HIITs groups and control group. The intensity of the exercises in low volume was up to 110% and in high volume up to 80% of the maximum heart rate. The two training groups performed exercises 3 days of week for 8 weeks. Glycemic factors and lipids profile were measured before and after the last training session. Data were analyzed by covariance and paired T-test. Results: Low volume HIIT exercises significantly decreased the glucose ( P -value: 0.01), HbA1c ( P -value: 0.01), insulin ( P -value: 0.005), insulin resistance ( P -value: 0.001), and triglyceride ( P -value: 0.04). Low volume HIIT in the insulin resistance had a significant difference with the control group ( P -value: 0.04). High density lipoprotein in high volume group had a significant difference with the control group ( P -value: 0.021). Conclusion: Low-volume HIIT exercises can be a nonpharmacological approach to improving glycemic factors in type 2 diabetic patients.

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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE AND CONTROL AMONG LEBANESE TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.13298 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lama Soubra ◽

Hanan Nureddin ◽

Amal Galal Omar ◽

Mounzer Saleh

Keyword(s):

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Clinic ◽

Hypertension Prevalence ◽

Factors Associated

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of hypertension and the level of blood pressure (BP) control among a cohort of diabetic Lebanese patients on antihypertensive medications, as well as to identify factors associated with hypertension prevalence and uncontrolled BP.Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary health care clinic that is specialized in the management and follow-up of diabetic outpatients.Results: Among the 700 type 2 diabetes mellitus patient files that were screened529 (75%) were found to have hypertension. Hypertension was more prevalent in women, patients aged ≥65-year-old, and those having a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 (kg/m2) (p-value<0.05). Among the hypertensive cohort, 465 T2DM were on antihypertensive medications and were included in the hypertension control analysis. Ninety-three patients (20%) attained BP control (SBP<140 and DBP<90 mmHg). Multivariate analyses revealed three factors that were significantly associated with uncontrolled BP control: Age being ≥65 y (adjusted OR = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.07–3.61, p-value<0.05), male gender (adjusted OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.41–4.66, p-value<0.05) and uncontrolled HDL (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.33–2.01, p-value = 0.05). Conclusion: Hypertension is prevalent among the study patients. However, attainment of BP control was poor among these patients. Therefore, there is a need for studies that determine reasons behind this low BP control rate in order to design interventions aiming at improving the standard of care for these patients.

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LIPID ALTERATION

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2661 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (04) ◽

pp. 663-666

Author(s):

KAMAL ELDIN AHMED ABDELSALAM ◽

MANAHIL ALI SHARWANI ◽

SHAZA SALIH TAHA

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Males And Females

Objective: determine serum lipid profile in diabetic and obese non-diabetic patients. Materials: 300 subjects comprising three groups, the first group included 100 diabetic patients (non-obese) with duration of diabetes over 5 years, the second group (obese) included 100 obese subjects (non-diabetic) with duration of obesity over 5 years, and the third group (control) included 100 healthy subjects. Methods: Lipid profile on the serum was performed with an auto analyzer using standard methods. Study design and period: Prospective Analytical Cross Sectional Study conducted in period from September 2006 to January 2008. Results: A significant (p value<0.05) increase in lipid profile results of diabetic and obese patients comparing to control while HDL-C showed significant decreasing. The cholesterol is significantly increased in females than males in diabetic patients, while the triglycerides are significantly decreased in diabetic females. The parameters showed insignificant variations between males and females in obese patients. Conclusions: In comparison to control group, DM & obese groups showed significantly increase in TG, TC, and LDL-C, but significantly decrease in HDL-C. Females showed significant increasing in TC and significant decreasing in DM group, while in obese group females showed insignificant decreasing in TG and TC.

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Hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic adult patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253286

Author(s):

Mesay Arkew ◽

Tilahun Yemane ◽

Yordanos Mengistu ◽

Kabtamu Gemechu ◽

Girum Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Debre Berhan ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background Diabetes is a global public health problem and associated with metabolic, cellular, and blood disturbances. Hematological changes have been reported in diabetes and play a major role in diabetes-associated complications. However, reports are contradicting and data on hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic patients in the study area are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic adult patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia from May 01 to June 30, 2020. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 268 (134 type 2 diabetic patients and 134 controls) study participants selected by systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire and checklist. Ethical approval was obtained from Jimma University. All phase of quality assurance was maintained. Hematological parameters and blood glucose levels were determined using UniCel DxH 800 (Beckman Coulter, USA) and Biosystems A25 (Costa Brava, Spain) analyzers, respectively. Independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, correlation, and logistic regression were used during data analysis. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The current study found that total white blood cell count, absolute counts of neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil, red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and mean platelet volume were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to the control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, the mean hemoglobin was significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients than the control group (P = 0.007). Anemia was found in 17.9% of type 2 diabetic patients. Longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.12–8.34) and milk consumption (AOR = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.50–14.00) were significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion This study showed a statistically significant variation in some hematological parameters of type 2 diabetic patients compared to control group. Anemia among type 2 diabetic patients was found to be a mild public health problem. Therefore, routine screening of hematological parameters should be considered for proper management of type 2 diabetic patients. Close attention should also be given to the duration of diabetes and dietary practice.

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