scholarly journals Identification of Theileria Species in Sheep and Vector Ticks Using PCR Method in Zabol, Eastern Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateme Zarei ◽  
Maryam Ganjali ◽  
Reza Nabavi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Theileria Lestoquardi ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Rhipicephalus Bursa ◽  
Pcr Method

Background: Theileria is a protozoal parasite that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by various species of Theileria. Among these species, T. lestoquardi (T. hirci) is highly pathogenic, while other species such as T. ovis make Subclinical and mild infections in small ruminant. Therefore, the precise identification of the species and the vector ticks are very essential for epidemiological studies and the design of control programs. Methods: This research was conducted with the aim of molecular study to identify Theileria species and vectors in Zabol, eastern Iran in 2015. The presence of Theileria in 80 blood samples and vector ticks was evaluated using PCR method. Results: Of 80 blood samples, PCR analysis showed that 50 samples (62.5%) were infected with Theileria. The eval­uation of the first phase PCR with Nested PCR showed that infections with Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi were 67.45% and 32.55% cases respectively. Overall, 110 ticks (78 males and 32 females) were collected and generally two genera and six spe­cies including Rhipicephalus bursa (9.1%), Rh. sanguineus (29.1%), Rh. turanicus (10.9%) Hyalomma asiati­cum asiati­cum (23.63%), Hy. excavatum (10.9%), Hy. anatolicum (16.37%) were detected. After evaluating ticks infection by PCR method, three species of Rh. turanicus, Rh. sanguineus and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum, were infected. Conclusion: Theileria ovis has a high prevalence among the sheep of zabol and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum, Rh. sanguineus and Rh. turanicus may be the main vectors of Theileria species in this area.

First Molecular Evidence of Theileria Lestoquardi in Small Ruminants in Northern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mousa Motavalli Haghi ◽  
Mahdi Fakhar ◽  
Mitra Sharbatkhori ◽  
Abdol Sattar Paghe
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Theileria Lestoquardi ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Abstract Ovine theileriosis as a critical agent in small ruminant production, can cause lethal infections. Different species of Theileria have been reported in various parts of the world, and each species causes different diseases in the host. This is the first molecular study to investigate the prevalence of ovine theileriosis and identify the dominant Theileria species in northern Iran. A number of 220 small ruminants, including sheep and goats, were randomly sampled from 22 flocks. Peripheral blood smears are stained by the Giemsa staining method. As well as for species identification, all samples were examined by molecular method. From 220 samples, 160 and 60 were sheep and goat, respectively. By the Giemsa staining method, Theileria parasite was observed in 20 (9%) samples. But by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, 30 (13.6%) samples were positive for Theileria species. Theileria lestoquardi was the most common species found in these animals. The high prevalence of theileriosis in small ruminants demonstrates the emergence of ovine theileriosis in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in northern Iran.

A Novel PCR Method for Identifying Plankton in Cases of Death by Drowning

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiko Abe ◽  
Miwako Suto ◽  
Hidemasa Nakamura ◽  
Hirobumi Gunji ◽  
Kouichi Hiraiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Death By Drowning

We present a new PCR method for identifying plankton in cases of death by drowning. We designed four primer pairs for chlorophyll-related genes of Euglena gracilis (EG) and Skeletonema costatum (SK), which are commonly distributed in water. The primers were selected from sequences coding chloroplast/chlorophyll apoprotein of EG (EG1 and EG2) and fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c harvesting protein of SK (SK1 and SK2). With EG1 or EG2, up to 2 fg of EG-DNA was identified, and 0.2 pg of SK-DNA was detectable with SK1 or SK2. No PCR products were amplified from green vegetables (komatsuna, spinach, parsley) or human DNA with the four primer pairs. Regardless of the origin, seawater or fresh water, most diatoms were detectable with primer pairs of EG1 and EG2. With SK1, only Centrales diatoms were identified, and five diatom strains originating from seawater were detectable with SK2. EG1 and EG2 gave rise to PCR products from most water samples. By using Percoll®, plankton was easily isolated from human tissue or blood samples and good results of PCR analysis were obtained in cases of death by drowning.

Molecular study of 2019 dengue fever outbreaks in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranita Poudyal ◽  
Kesari Sharma ◽  
Shyam Prakash Dumre ◽  
Anup Bastola ◽  
Bimal Sharma Chalise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Body Ache

Abstract Background Dengue cases have been continuously reported in Nepal, including some large outbreaks, since its first introduction in 2004. The disease is now expanding towards newer locations above 1400 m high, especially the country's capital city, Kathmandu. In 2019, >14,000 dengue cases including six deaths were reported. This study was aimed at the detection and molecular characterization of dengue virus (DENV) in dengue patients. Methods A total of 451 patients were enrolled in this study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory information was collected from dengue patients. Dengue infection was confirmed by antibody/antigen detection assays followed by RT-PCR analysis. Results The DENV patients showed fever, body ache, headache, myalgia, retro-orbital pain and arthralgia. The platelets were decreased, serum liver enzymes were increased and leucopenia was seen. Out of 195 patients, 111 (57.0%) were positive for DENV RNA by consensus PCR. We found DENV-2, 70 (63.1%) as the predominant serotype responsible for the 2019 outbreak, while DENV-3 was detected in two patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that DENV-2 was the major serotype causing the 2019 massive outbreak in Nepal. This information will help in disease control programs to understand the molecular epidemiology and its changing trend.

scholarly journals Simplified PCR analysis of a mutation in the NHEJ1 gene causing collie eye anomaly in some dog breeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 346-350
Author(s):  
J. Dostál ◽  
P. Horák ◽  
A. Hrdlicová ◽  
A. Stratil
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Clinical Variation ◽  
Thermal Cycler ◽  
Intron 4 ◽  
Phenotypic Development

Collie eye anomaly (CEA) is an inherited eye disease affecting development of the choroids and sclera segregating in several, mostly herding breeds of dog. Phenotypic development of the disease varies greatly in the affected animals. Genetic control of its clinical variation is unknown so far. Affected dogs share a 7.8 kb deletion in intron 4 of the NHEJ1 gene. We report here population studies of 379 dogs (Australian Shepherd, Border Collie, Rough Collie, Smooth Collie, Shetland Sheep Dog, and Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever) from breeders in the Czech Republic. A simple PCR method using a Piko<sup>TM</sup> Thermal Cycler and unclotted blood samples was employed for the analysis of the NHEJ1 gene. No isolation of DNA from blood samples before PCR was needed. The method is time-saving and gives excellent results. Frequencies of the disease allele in each breed were calculated (0.045, 0.194, 0.797, 0.367, 0.429 and 0.244, respectively). An improvement of genetic health of the breeds on the basis of allele frequencies is discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Urine at a Teaching Hospital in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Yuarn-Jang Lee ◽  
Chih-Hung Huang ◽  
Noor Andryan Ilsan ◽  
I-Hui Lee ◽  
Tzu-Wen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in clinics and hospitals and are associated with a high economic burden. Enterobacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae is a prevalent agent causing UTIs. A high prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged recently and is continuing to increase. Seventeen urinary CRKP isolates collected at a teaching hospital in Taiwan from December 2016 to September 2017 were analyzed to elucidate their drug resistance mechanisms. Two-thirds of the isolates were obtained from outpatients. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests demonstrated multidrug resistance in all the isolates. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed high diversity among the isolates. PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of carbapenemases in three isolates. All isolates carried at least one other extended-spectrum β-lactamase, including TEM, DHA, and CTX-M. Fifteen isolates contained mutations in one of the outer membrane porins that were assessed. The expression levels of the acrB and/or oqxB efflux pump genes, as determined by qRT-PCR, were upregulated in 11 isolates. Six isolates might have utilized other efflux pumps or antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. These analyses demonstrated a highly diverse population and the presence of complex resistance mechanisms in urinary isolates of K. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Exogenous Isolation of Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids from Piggery Manure Slurries Reveals a High Prevalence and Diversity of IncQ-Like Plasmids

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 4854-4862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Smalla ◽  
Holger Heuer ◽  
Antje Götz ◽  
Dagmar Niemeyer ◽  
Ellen Krögerrecklenfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Incq Plasmids ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance plasmids were exogenously isolated in biparental matings with piggery manure bacteria as plasmid donors inEscherichia coli CV601 and Pseudomonas putidaUWC1 recipients. Surprisingly, IncQ-like plasmids were detected by dot blot hybridization with an IncQ oriV probe in severalP. putida UWC1 transconjugants. The capture of IncQ-like plasmids in biparental matings indicates not only their high prevalence in manure slurries but also the presence of efficiently mobilizing plasmids. In order to elucidate unusual hybridization data (weak or no hybridization with IncQ repB or IncQ oriTprobes) four IncQ-like plasmids (pIE1107, pIE1115, pIE1120, and pIE1130), each representing a different EcoRV restriction pattern, were selected for a more thorough plasmid characterization after transfer into E. coli K-12 strain DH5α by transformation. The characterization of the IncQ-like plasmids revealed an astonishingly high diversity with regard to phenotypic and genotypic properties. Four different multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were found to be conferred by the IncQ-like plasmids. The plasmids could be mobilized by the RP4 derivative pTH10 into Acinetobactersp., Ralstonia eutropha, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and P. putida, but they showed diverse patterns of stability under nonselective growth conditions in different host backgrounds. Incompatibility testing and PCR analysis clearly revealed at least two different types of IncQ-like plasmids. PCR amplification of total DNA extracted directly from different manure samples and other environments indicated the prevalence of both types of IncQ plasmids in manure, sewage, and farm soil. These findings suggest that IncQ plasmids play an important role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.

PCR Detection of Alternaria spp. in Processed Foods, Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Genetic Marker

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUELÁNGEL PAVÓN ◽  
ISABEL GONZÁLEZ ◽  
MARÍA ROJAS ◽  
NICOLETTE PEGELS ◽  
ROSARIO MARTÍN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tomato Pulp ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Fungal Contaminants

The genus Alternaria is considered one of the most important fungal contaminants of vegetables, fruits, and cereals, producing several mycotoxins that can withstand food processing methods. Conventional methods for Alternaria identification and enumeration are laborious and time-consuming, and they might not detect toxigenic molds inactivated by food processing. In this study, a PCR method has been developed for the rapid identification of Alternaria spp. DNA in foodstuffs, based on oligonucleotide primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS2 regions of the rRNA gene. The specificity of the Alternaria-specific primer pair designed (Dir1ITSAlt–Inv1ITSAlt) was verified by PCR analysis of DNA from various Alternaria spp., and also from several fungal, bacterial, yeast, animal, and plant species. The detection limit of the method was 102 CFU/ml in viable culture, heated culture, or experimentally inoculated tomato pulp. The applicability of the method for detection of Alternaria spp. DNA in foodstuffs was assessed by testing several commercial samples. Alternaria DNA was detected in 100% of spoiled tomato samples, 8% of tomato products, and 36.4% of cereal-based infant food samples analyzed.

scholarly journals The AIDA Autotransporter System Is Associated with F18 and Stx2e in Escherichia coli Isolates from Pigs Diagnosed with Edema Disease and Postweaning Diarrhea

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Niewerth ◽  
Andreas Frey ◽  
Thomas Voss ◽  
Chantal Le Bouguénec ◽  
Georg Baljer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Edema Disease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Postweaning Diarrhea

ABSTRACT Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are known to cause edema disease (ED) and postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets. Although the exact mechanisms of pathogenicity that lead to ED-PWD remain to be elucidated, E. coli-borne Shiga-like toxin and adhesion-mediating virulence factors such as F18 adhesin or F4 fimbriae are believed to play a central role in ED-PWD. In light of these observations we investigated whether another E. coliadhesin, the plasmid-encoded AIDA (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence) might also be present in ED-PWD-causing E. coli isolates. For rapid screening for the AIDA system in large numbers of isolates, a multiplex PCR method along with a duplex Western blot procedure was developed. When screening 104 strains obtained from pigs with or without ED-PWD, we observed a high prevalence of the AIDA operon in porcine E. coli isolates, with over 25% of all strains being AIDA positive, and we could demonstrate a significant association of the intact AIDA gene (orfB) with ED-PWD, while defects in orfB were associated with the absence of disease. Although our data hint toward a contribution of AIDA to ED-PWD, further studies will be necessary since the presence of the AIDA genes was also associated with the presence of the Shiga-like toxin and F18 adhesin genes, two reported virulence factors for ED-PWD.

Nature and nurture: overcoming constraints on immunity

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (S1) ◽  
pp. S21-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Induced Immunity

SUMMARYParasitic infections in man and domestic animals exhibit two striking characteristics (a) their prevalence is high, but infections are unequally distributed among individuals within populations and (b) immunity is often slow to develop and appears, at best, only partially effective. Recent immunological and epidemiological studies suggest that effective immunity can develop, but that high prevalence within populations reflects the operation, not only of socio-economic and climatic factors, or husbandry practices, but also of powerful environmentally induced constraints upon the development of resistance. Immunogenetic studies suggest the operation of additional constraints which reflect individual genetic characteristics, and which influence the ability to develop and express effective immunity. A full understanding of all constraints is necessary before levels of population and individual resistance to infection can be increased; the need for such understanding has become more pressing with the prospect that anti-parasite vaccines may become available. Two aspects of environmentally induced constraints are considered, those arising from nutritional inadequacies and those resulting from exposure to infection in early life. Both are discussed primarily in terms of helminth parasites. Genetically determined constraints are discussed with reference to MHC-restricted recognition of malarial peptide vaccines and in terms of Class II molecule-directed control of T-cell function inLeishmaniainfections. Genetic influences are also considered from the standpoint of inflammatory cell function, in immunity against intestinal nematodes and in vaccine-induced immunity againstSchistosoma. Finally, parasite-induced constraints, particularly those which down-regulate protective responses are discussed briefly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document