scholarly journals Evaluation of respiratory symptoms and lung function disorders of farmers and non farmers in Yazd Province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam Hossein Halvani ◽  
Reza Jafari Nodoushan ◽  
Elham Halvani ◽  
Vida sadat Anoosheh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Cognitive Knowledge ◽  
Yazd City

Respiratory disorders are common problems in farmers which have a high mortality rate in Yazd city. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare respiratory parameters as well as the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in three age groups in farmers and non-farmers. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 300 farmers and 300 non-farmers in Yazd. Questionnaires including cognitive knowledge and symptoms of respiratory diseases were completed for all participants and lung function tests were also performed. Data were analyzed using independent T-t test, Chi square test or Fisher's exact test with spss24. Results: Spirometry results showed a significant reduction in respiratory capacity in the farmer group compared to non-farmer. In all three age groups, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in farmers were higher than non-farmer groups and as the age increased, the prevalence of symptoms also increased. In the age group over 55, the risk of cough, phlegm, dyspnea and wheezing were 17,10.78,3.58 and 6.61 times more than non-farmers respectively. Among the symptoms of respiratory, cough had the highest and shortness of breath had the lowest prevalence. Discussion and conclusion: Regarding the prevention of high prevalence of respiratory disorders in farmers, the mechanization of agricultural practices, the promotion of health awareness of farmers by health professionals, appropriate implementation of training programs by the health department and assistance of Jihad-e-Agriculture are necessary

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Efficacy of gene xpert over other diagnostic modalities of tuberculosis among children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
Deepmala Pandey ◽  
Ankur Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Background: Diagnosis of tuberculosis is a challenge especially among children. GeneXpert has been recommended as a diagnostic test in children. Objectives of this study was to efficacy of GeneXpert over other diagnostic modalities of Tuberculosis like Sputum smear microscopy, Mantoux testing, X-ray chest among children.Methods: A cross sectional hospital-based study was conducted over a period of 24 months among 150 children. All the patients who were having suspicion of Tuberculosis on the basis of History & Examination (fulfilling inclusion criteria) had been enrolled in the study. After doing all preliminary investigations clinical diagnosis has been made and Gene X’pert was carried out for all the samples collected. Pearson chi square test and Fishers exact test was applied wherever appropriate.Results: There was statistically no significant (p >0.05) difference of GeneXpert positivity within different age groups of Suspected TB patients. GeneXpert was positive in 80% with symptom of Cough lasting more than 2 weeks, in 78.8% with fever more than 2 weeks, in 88.9% with FTT, in 76.5% with H/O Koch’s contact, in 77.8% with H/O convulsion, in 69% with significant lymphadenopathy. GeneXpert was positive in all suspected TB patients having ZN staining positive for AFB. In clinically TB diagnosed patients, 86.5% were positive for GeneXpert.Conclusions: GeneXpert is a novel diagnostic modality of choice in all suspected Pulmonary & Extra-pulmonary TB cases among children. It can be used as a primary tool in Pulmonary TB with smear negative samples in pediatric age group.

scholarly journals Reduced Lung Function among Workers in Primary Coffee Processing Factories in Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Abaya ◽  
Magne Bråtveit ◽  
Wakgari Deressa ◽  
Abera Kumie ◽  
Bente Moen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related

Dust exposure is one of the major risk factors for respiratory health in many workplaces, including coffee factories. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and lung function reduction among workers in Ethiopian primary coffee processing factories, compared to a control group of workers. A total of 115 coffee workers and 110 water bottling workers were involved in this study, from 12 coffee and 3 water bottling factories in Ethiopia, respectively. The chronic respiratory symptoms were assessed using a structured interview, using a standardized questionnaire adopted from the American Thoracic Society (ATS). The lung function tests were performed according to the ATS recommendation for spirometry. The coffee workers had a significantly higher prevalence of coughing, coughing with sputum, breathlessness, work-related shortness of breath, and wheezing compared with the controls. The prevalence ratio of work-related shortness of breath (PR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.7) and wheezing (PR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3–8.4) was significantly higher for the coffee workers compared to the controls. The coffee workers in the age groups 28–39 years and ≥40 years, had a significantly lower forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s compared to the controls in the similar age groups. The findings indicated the need for longitudinal studies on the possible effect of coffee dust on respiratory health of coffee production workers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors related to infection and mortality due to COVID-19 among patients of Shohada Ghaen Hospital, Ghaen, Iran, 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-384
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
First Case

Background and Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease, whose first case was reported in December 2019, and rapidly affected the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the frequency and factors associated with morbidity and mortality due to COVID -19 in Ghaen, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study used the information sources of the portal of Shohada Ghaen Hospital, Gaen, Iran, from March 2020 to December 2021, which was collected from 1,124 patients with suspected respiratory infection referring to the hospital. Data using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test for univariate relationships. Moreover, two-way logistic regression was used to investigate the causal relationships, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, the mean age of participants (n=1,124) was obtained at 51.6±24.5 years, and 546 (48.6%) subjects had a positive COVID-19 test by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, among whom 65 (11.9%) cases passed away. Clinical symptoms of body aches, coughs, diarrhea, and shortness of breath were associated with a positive COVID-19 test. It was also revealed that habitat, diabetes, cardiovascular and lung diseases, age, and job were risk factors of COVID-19 infection, and hospitalization in the ICU and age were identified as risk factors for COVID-19-caused death (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, cough and shortness of breath were found to be the most frequent symptoms among patients and deceased individuals. Since these symptoms may be associated with a worse prognosis, they require the special attention of medical staff. The findings of this study also showed that the elderly were more at risk of death from this disease than other age groups, which increased the need for more education and attention to this group of society.

scholarly journals Identification of Health Knowledge of Lung Function in Predicting Respiratory Disorders in Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Lorensia ◽  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Lalita Tirsa
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lung Health

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a high risk for active smokers. Early assessment of the condition of lung function is needed to prevent a decrease in lung function. Knowledge of self-management that determines lung health. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of lung function health in predicting respiratory disorders. The study design was a case-control from August 2018 to January 2019. Data was collected through a questionnaire, namely a lung health knowledge questionnaire consisting of categories: risk factors, symptoms, and therapy for respiratory disorders. The research sample was adult men who work in the transportation sector in Surabaya city using purposive sampling. Data analysis using chi-square. The data obtained were 300 people, consisting of 126 people without lung function disorders and 174 people with pulmonary function disorders. The risk factor knowledge category showed a significant difference (p=0.000) between the group, with the most disorders at the low knowledge level (42.0%). The symptom knowledge category showed a significant difference (p=0.000) between groups, and most of the groups with disorders were at a low knowledge level (55.8%). The category of knowledge of respiratory symptoms showed a significant difference (p=0.000) between groups, with the knowledge level in both of them mostly at a sufficient level. Therefore, low lung function health knowledge reflects low lung function conditions. IDENTIFIKASI PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN FUNGSI PARU DALAM MEMPREDIKSI GANGGUAN PERNAPASAN PADA PEROKOKPenyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) berisiko tinggi dialami oleh perokok aktif. Pengkajian dini terhadap kondisi fungsi paru diperlukan untuk mencegah penurunan fungsi paru. Pengetahuan tentang manajemen diri yang menentukan kesehatan paru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengetahuan kesehatan fungsi paru dalam memprediksi gangguan pernapasan. Desain penelitian adalah case-control dari Agustus 2018 hingga Januari 2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner, yaitu kuesioner pengetahuan kesehatan paru yang terdiri atas kategori: faktor risiko, gejala, dan terapi gangguan pernapasan. Sampel penelitian adalah laki-laki dewasa yang bekerja di sektor transportasi di Kota Surabaya dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Data yang diperoleh sebanyak 300 orang, terdiri atas 126 orang tanpa gangguan fungsi paru dan 174 orang dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Kategori pengetahuan faktor risiko menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,000) antarkelompok dengan gangguan terbanyak pada pengetahuan tingkat rendah (42,0%). Kategori pengetahuan gejala menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,000) antarkelompok dan sebagian besar kelompok dengan gangguan berada pada pengetahuan tingkat rendah (55,8%). Kategori pengetahuan gejala pernapasan menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,000) antarkelompok dengan tingkat pengetahuan keduanya sebagian besar pada tingkat cukup. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan kesehatan fungsi paru yang rendah mencerminkan kondisi fungsi paru yang rendah.

Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Among Women Attending Laboratory Centers in Ilam, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Sasan Nikpay ◽  
Masoumeh Otaghi ◽  
Milad Azami ◽  
Marzieh Karimi ◽  
Jahangir Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Appropriate Education

Background: Trichomoniasis is known as a common venereal disease. It is estimated that 180 million people in the world are infected with this disease. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of (Trichomonas vaginalis) T. vaginalis among women who were referred to the central laboratory in Ilam. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 481 women with suspicious symptoms of trichomoniasis were selected during the first six months of 2015 in the central laboratory and Shahid Mostafa laboratory in Ilam, Iran. All patients were referred to the labs by gynecologists. Sterile swabs were used to collect direct smears. The results and questionnaire data were entered into SPSS version 16 and were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Direct smear of T. vaginalis demonstrated seven positive cases (1.5%). The highest and the lowest percentages of T. vaginalis infection in women were related to the 45-50 and 20-30 years age groups, respectively. Illiterate women had the highest percentage of infection. No significant relationship was found between the level of education and trichomoniasis infection in women (p = 0.085). The highest infection rate was associated with the use of ectopic contraceptive methods (condoms). Conclusion: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was low among women in Ilam but was high among women who have used tubal ligation and condom to prevent pregnancy. Therefore, more attention is required from healthcare centers for appropriate education to women about the proper use of protective equipment.

scholarly journals Assessment of lung function and pulmonary disorders among women involved in palm kernel oil processing in Cape Coast, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Daniel Acquah ◽  
Francis T. Djankpa ◽  
Josephine Afful ◽  
Oscar A. Opoku ◽  
Akwasi Anyanful
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Chest Examination ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Does exposure to methods employed during local palm kernel oil processing affect lung function and increase pulmonary disorders in the women processors? Fifty test participants from palm kernel processing sites constantly exposed to processing hazards and fifty unexposed women from the general population in Cape Coast, Ghana were used for the study.Methods: Participants after filling questionnaires were subject to clinical chest examination, anthropometry and spirometry. Data were analyzed descriptively using percentages, means, standard deviation and inferentially using independent sample t-test and chi-square test.Results: Exposed participants complained of respiratory symptoms such as chest pain, phlegm production, burning and tearing of eyes and skin irritations. Chest examination also revealed significant reduced air entry and increase in bronchial and bronchovesicular sounds. Spirometry showed significant decreases in Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), with increase in restrictive lung disorders in the exposed participants (p<0.05). Chi-square analysis further showed association between length of exposure to emissions from processing and increased lung disorder.Conclusions: Our study shows that the methods employed in palm kernel processing sites coupled with lack of hazardous knowledge and use of protective equipment exposes the women extractors to pollutants which results in increased respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function and significant presence of lung disorders.

scholarly journals Investigation of Anti-Toxocaraand Anti-ToxoplasmaAntibodies in Patients with Schizophrenia Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Khademvatan ◽  
Niloufar Khajeddin ◽  
Sakineh Izadi ◽  
Elham Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship betweenToxoplasma gondiiandToxocaraspp. infections in patients with schizophrenia disorder.Method. A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia disorder and 95 healthy individuals participated in the study. Participants were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiand anti-Toxocaraspp. antibodies by ELISA and Western blotting. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher9s exact test.Results. There were no differences inT. gondiiIgG seroprevalence between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals (P=0.1), but there were differences in seroprevalence between males and females with schizophrenia (P=0.009). In contrast,Toxocaraspp. IgG seroprevalence was greater in patients with schizophrenia disorder than in healthy individuals (P=0.02), but there were no differences in seroprevalence between men and women with schizophrenia (P=0.5). Finally, there were no differences in seroprevalence ofT. gondiiorToxocaraspp. IgG among different subtypes of schizophrenia, various age groups, residential area, or clinical course of treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion. The present study suggests that patients with schizophrenia disorder are at elevated risk ofToxocaraspp. infection. Moreover, contamination withT. gondiiis a risk factor for schizophrenia in women.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum: Seroprevalence in beef cattle in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Mayckon Antonio Cardoso Padilha ◽  
Gefferson Wasen ◽  
Antonio Pereira de Souza ◽  
Viviane Milczewski ◽  
Thaís Vaz Brito da Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test

The distribution of Neospora caninum, an important agent of reproductive disorders in cattle, has been frequently reported in dairy cattle in Brazil and worldwide. Records of infection are less frequent in beef cattle. To determine the seroprevalence of bovine neosporosis, 507 beef cattle blood samples were collected from January 2013 to September 2015, from 16 municipalities of the Associação dos Municípios da Região Serrana (AMURES). Samples were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies ( ? 1:100) against N. caninum by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Information about sex, age, and origin of the bovines were obtained from the Brazilian Bovine and Bubaline Identification and Certification System (SISBOV), and were tabulated for statistical analysis (Chi-square and Fisher Exact test, P ? 0.05). Of the 507 serum samples analyzed, 70 (13.81%) contained antibodies against N. caninum with titers of 1:100 (16), 1:200 (22), 1:400 (17), 1:800 (nine), 1:1600 (four) and 1:3200 (two). Positive specimens were collected from 13 of the 16 municipalities and across all age groups. Of the positive samples, there were no statistical differences between males and females (32.86% vs. 67.14%, P= 0.1072), age groups (P= 0.4116), or municipalities (P= 0.6838). While not statistically significant (P>0.05), higher seroprevalence was observed among older females. Although seroprevalence was relatively low, results indicate that infection by N. caninum in beef cattle is widespread in the studied region.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Fu-Huang Lin ◽  
Bao-Chung Chen ◽  
Yu-Ching Chou ◽  
Chi-Jeng Hsieh ◽  
Chia-Peng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Chi Square Test

The risk of the geographic transmission of emerging infectious diseases through air travel varies greatly. In this study, we collected data on cases of food-borne diseases between the years 2011 and 2020 in Taiwan to access the epidemiological features, differences, and trends in domestic and imported cases of typhoid and paratyphoid in terms of patient sex, age, month of confirmation, and area of residence. In this study, we made use of the open data website provided by Taiwan’s Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) to extract the reported numbers of cases of typhoid and paratyphoid between January and December from 2011 to 2020 for comparison. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Fisher’s exact test was performed if an expected frequency was less than 5. A total of 226 typhoid cases and 61 paratyphoid cases were analyzed from the database. The incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid per million of the population were 0.42–2.11 and 0–0.39, respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of the diseases between the age groups (p= 0.019), with a gradual increase in the 20–40 years group. A distinct seasonal (between fall and spring) variation was also observed (p= 0.012). There were 34 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2011–2015 and 12 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2016–2020. During these periods, there were two cases of paratyphoid. This study indicated that the risk of children suffering from typhoid has been significantly reduced in the last five years. Furthermore, we found that more women have acquired typhoid and paratyphoid than men, and that living in the Taipei metropolitan area and the northern area was a potential risk factor. Furthermore, the number of imported cases of typhoid (n = 3) and paratyphoid (n = 0) reported during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower than that reported for the same disease from 2011 to 2020. More typhoid and paratyphoid cases were imported from Indonesia, India, Myanmar, and Cambodia. This study represents the first report on confirmed cases of acquired typhoid and paratyphoid from surveillance data from Taiwan’s CDC for the period 2011–2020. This study also demonstrates that the cases of typhoid and paratyphoid decreased in Taiwan during the COVID pandemic. Big data were used in this study, which may inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan.

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