Investigation of Anti-Toxocaraand Anti-ToxoplasmaAntibodies in Patients with Schizophrenia Disorder

Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship betweenToxoplasma gondiiandToxocaraspp. infections in patients with schizophrenia disorder.Method. A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia disorder and 95 healthy individuals participated in the study. Participants were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiand anti-Toxocaraspp. antibodies by ELISA and Western blotting. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher9s exact test.Results. There were no differences inT. gondiiIgG seroprevalence between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals (P=0.1), but there were differences in seroprevalence between males and females with schizophrenia (P=0.009). In contrast,Toxocaraspp. IgG seroprevalence was greater in patients with schizophrenia disorder than in healthy individuals (P=0.02), but there were no differences in seroprevalence between men and women with schizophrenia (P=0.5). Finally, there were no differences in seroprevalence ofT. gondiiorToxocaraspp. IgG among different subtypes of schizophrenia, various age groups, residential area, or clinical course of treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion. The present study suggests that patients with schizophrenia disorder are at elevated risk ofToxocaraspp. infection. Moreover, contamination withT. gondiiis a risk factor for schizophrenia in women.

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Association between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) during checkpoint immunotherapy.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 489-489

Author(s):

Elie W. Akl ◽

Pier Vitale Nuzzo ◽

Elio Adib ◽

Amin Nassar ◽

Sarah Abou Alaiwi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequencing Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

P Values ◽

Exact Test ◽

Radiological Data ◽

Tumor Mutational Burden ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽

Multivariable Regression ◽

The Relationship

489 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has greatly improved clinical outcomes for pts with mUC and other cancers. ICI is associated with a class of AEs, deemed irAEs due to immune activation. Nonetheless, biomarkers associated with irAE are still lacking. We hypothesized that the immune response against neoantigens is partly responsible for irAEs and investigated the association between irAEs, TMB and response to ICI. Methods: We identified patients with mUC at Dana Farber Cancer Institute who were treated with ICI (monotherapy or combination) and had available tumor sequencing data through Oncopanel. TMB was calculated using the number of non-synonymous exonic mutations per megabase. The severity of irAEs was graded using CTCAE v.5.0. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to identify association between TMB, incidence and grade of irAEs. A cut-off of 10/mb was assigned for TMB. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the radiologic response between pts with and without irAEs and low vs. high TMB. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the relationship between TMB, irAEs and response. p-values were adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg method. Results: Of 101 pts with mUC who met the inclusion criteria, 32 (32%) reported irAEs. 6 (6%) were grade (G)1, 20 (20%) were G2, and 6 (6%) were G3. Median(m) time on therapy was 84 days for pts without irAEs and 88 days for pts with irAEs. Pts with irAEs had higher mTMB (15.4/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (9.8) ( p = 0.01). In pts on monotherapy (93), those with irAEs (n=27) had a higher mTMB (15.13/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (n=66) (mTMB = 10.20/mb) ( p = 0.01). Out of 94 pts with radiological data, response was achieved in 16 (50%) pts with irAE vs 10 (16%) pts with no irAE ( p < 0.001). When both irAE and response were included in a multivariable regression, the association between irAE and TMB was not significant ( p = 0.4). Pts with both irAE and high TMB had a response rate of 56% which was significantly higher than those with either irAE but low TMB (28.6%) or high TMB but no irAE (21.2 %) or low TMB and no irAE (10.3%) (Chi-square test p = 0.002; FDR corrected p-values for individual comparisons in Table). There was no association between TMB and irAE grade. Conclusions: Higher TMB was associated with higher incidence of irAEs in pts with mUC on ICIs. Moreover, pts with both high TMB and irAEs exhibited better response rates than those with only high TMB or irAEs, suggesting that they may provide complementary tumor and host characteristics. Further evaluation in mUC is needed to confirm this relationship between TMB, irAEs and response in a larger cohort and explore specific mutational signatures that may be associated with irAEs. [Table: see text]

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The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312519839713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽

Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽

Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽

Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽

Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

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A „kompromisszumos választás” szerepe a fogászati kezeléssel kapcsolatos döntések során. 676 magyar önkéntes részvételével végzett vizsgálat

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2019.31496 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 160 (38) ◽

pp. 1503-1509

Author(s):

Réka Szabó ◽

Gergely Farkas ◽

Mária Keszeg ◽

Gabriella Eördegh ◽

Norbert Buzás ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Treatment ◽

Informed Choice ◽

Professional Communication ◽

Compromise Effect ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Additional Information ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Patient Side ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: Introduction: The compromise effect is a well-known phenomenon in the world of marketing, but it is rarely examined in medical settings. In dental setting, the patient often has to make treatment-related decisions with price as the only available and comprehensible information to help informed choice. Aim: We sought to determine if the compromise effect plays a role in dental treatment choices, and if yes, how the effect is modified by factors such as perceived quality, professional jargon in the explanations, or the importance of keeping one’s own teeth intact. Method: 676 volunteers participated in this questionnaire-based study. The questionnaires were filled in anonymously. Altogether 8 versions of the same questionnaire were generated, in which the following information was given in varying combinations: the names of five different dental treatments from cheap to expensive, their possible prices, and additional information about the treatment. Statistical analysis: The significance of the relationship between the relative frequency of responses and the available additional information was determined by chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The respondents did not approach dental treatment-related decisions on a heuristic basis by default, most probably because of their preconceptions and previous experiences in connection with dental treatments. Esthetics turned out to be of utmost importance and expectable lifespan was also information that significantly influenced the choices. Conclusion: Extra information can and does influence informed dental treatment choice on the patient side, provided it is offered in a clear, proper, and intelligible form, which points out the importance of professional communication. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(38): 1503–1509.

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HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG IMUNISASI DENGAN KELENGKAPAN PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI DI POSYANDU KELURAHAN PANIKI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS ONDONG KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SIAU TAGULANDANG BIARO

e-NERS ◽

10.35790/ens.v1i1.1767 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Martha Revy Sarame ◽

A. Y. Ismanto ◽

Abram Babakal

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

The Body ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: Immunization is the vaccine into the body in the form of weakened germs that cause the body to produce antibodies but not cause disease, even children become immune. The research objective was to determine the relationship of maternal knowledge about immunization with complete basic immunization in infants at IHC Health Center Village Paniki working area Ondong Tagulandang Biaro Siau Islands District . The study design was cross sectional method and using Chi-Square test on the value of the Fisher Exact Test. The study was conducted on 32 mothers of infants aged 9-12 months. Sampling with a total sampling instrument in the form of a questionnaire study to determine the motherʾs knowledge and KMS (Card Towards Health) to determine the completeness of immunization. The analysis shows there is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge about immunization with complete basic immunization in infants (p = 0,000). Conclusion that mothers with a good knowledge of immunization will do complete basic immunization in children compared to mothers with less knowledge about immunization. Keywords: Knowledge mother, Completed Basic Immunization. Abstrak: Imunisasi adalah pemberian vaksin ke dalam tubuh berupa bibit penykit yang dilemahkan yang menyebabkan tubuh memproduksi antibodi tetapi tidak menimbulkan penyakit, bahkan anak menjadi kebal. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dengan kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi di Posyandu Kelurahan Paniki wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ondong Kabupaten Kepulauan Siau Tagulandang Biaro. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode Cross Sectional dan menggunakan uji Chi-Square pada nilai Fisher Exact Test. Penelitian dilakukan pada 32 ibu yang memiliki bayi berusia 9-12 bulan. Pengambilan sampel secara total sampling dengan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu dan KMS (Kartu Menuju Sehat) untuk mengetahui kelengkapan imunisasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dengan kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi (p=0.000). Kesimpulan yaitu ibu dengan pengetahuan tentang imunisasi yang baik akan melakukan pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap pada anaknya dibandingkan ibu dengan pengetahuan tentang imunisasi yang kurang. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan ibu, Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar.

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A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9070720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 720

Author(s):

Muhammad Subhan Arshad ◽

Iltaf Hussain ◽

Tahir Mahmood ◽

Khezar Hayat ◽

Abdul Majeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Conspiracy Beliefs ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Study Participants

The current study aims to assess the beliefs of the general public in Pakistan towards conspiracy theories, acceptance, willingness to pay, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire during January 2021. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical data analysis. A total of 2158 respondents completed the questionnaire, among them 1192 (55.2%) were male with 23.87 (SD: ±6.23) years as mean age. The conspiracy beliefs circulating regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were believed by 9.3% to 28.4% of the study participants. Among them, 1040 (48.2%) agreed to vaccinate on its availability while 934 (43.3%) reported the Chinese vaccine as their preference. The conspiracy beliefs of the participants were significantly associated with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The existence of conspiracy beliefs and low vaccine acceptance among the general population is a serious threat to successful COVID-19 vaccination.

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Hubungan Penggunaan Hair Styling terhadap Kejadian Dermatitis Seboroik pada Mahasiswa Laki-laki di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.v7i1.22451 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan V. D. Kalalo ◽

Herry E. J. Pandeleke ◽

Shienty Gaspersz

Keyword(s):

Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽

Age Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Design Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Long Time ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hair Styling

Abstract: Seborrheic dermatitis is a type of papulosquamous dermatitis with predilection in areas with many sebaceous glands, scalp, face, and body. This disease is associated with immunological disorders, but ieven more with Malassezia. Seborrheic dermatitis can occur in all age groups, but is usually separated into two age groups: infants and adults. Seborrheic dermatitis has many precipitating factors, especially high oil levels and humidity. One of the trigger factors is the use of hair styling which triggers the oil production on the surface of scalp as well as hair. The occurence of excessive oil on the scalp and hair long time can cause dandruff and irritation. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between hair styling and the incidence of seborrheic dermatitis in male students at Sam Ratulangi University in Manado. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design. Data were obtained by using questionnaires and anamnesis. The results showed that of the 25 respondents, 9 students had dandruff and 16 students did not. The chi-square test analyzing the relationship between hair styling and the incidence of seborrhoic dermatitis obtained a P value of 0.332. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between hair styling use and the incidence of seborrheic dermatitisKeywords: hair styling, seborrheic dermatitis, male college students Abstrak: Dermatitis seboroik adalah salah satu jenis dermatitis papuloskuamosa dengan predileksi di daerah yang banyak kelenjar sebasea, skalp, wajah dan badan. Penyakit ini sering dihubungkan dengan kelainan imunologi, namun lebih sering dihubungkan dengan jamur Malassezia. Dermatitis seboroik dapat terjadi pada semua kelompok usia, namun biasanya terpisah menjadi dua golongan usia yaitu bayi dan dewasa. Dermatitis seboroik memiliki banyak faktor pencetus, terutama kadar minyak yang tinggi dan kelembaban. Salah satu faktor pencetusnya ialah penggunaan hair styling berlebih yang memicu timbulnya minyak pada rambut. Munculnya minyak pada rambut yang terlampau lama dapat menimbulkan ketombe dan juga iritasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemakaian hair styling dengan kejadian dermatitis seboroik pada mahasiswa laki-laki Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Data diperoleh berdasarkan kuesioner yang dibagikan dan anamnesis. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan total 25 responden terdiri dari 9 orang berketombe dan 16 orang tidak berketombe. Hasil uji korelasi chi-square terhadap hubungan antara penggunaan hair styling dengan kejadian dermatitis seboroik menunjukkan nilai P=0,332. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara penggunaan hair styling dengan kejadian dermatitis seboroikKata kunci: hair styling, dermatitis seboroik, mahasiswa laki-laki

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Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Karies pada Gigi Molar Pertama Bawah Permanen pada Anak Usia 6-8 Tahun di SDN 36 Manado

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.7.1.2019.23307 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Avita Aulia ◽

Paulina N. Gunawan ◽

Shirley E. S. Kawengian

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: Caries is the presence of a cavity on the tooth caused by the activity of microorganism on fermented carbohydrate. Nutritional status is resulting from food consumption, which is one of the factors that influence the occurence of dental caries. This study was aimed to obtain the relationship between nutritional status and caries in permanent lower first molar among students of SDN 36 (elementary school) Manado. This was an analytical study using a cross sectional design. There were 48 students at SDN 36 Manado aged 6-8 years in this study obtained by using total sampling technique. We used the nutritional status based on length-for-age and BMI-for-age using the z-scores WHO anthropometrical standards for children aged 5-18 years and examined the oral cavity whether there was caries in permanent lower first molars. The results showed that caries in permanent lower first molars was found in 77.1% of subjects. Nutritional status based on length-for-age showed normal category (83.3%) and short stature/stunted (16.7%). The nutritional status based on BMI-for-age showed obese category (22.9%), overweight (8.3%), normal (60.5%), wasted (8.3%), and severely wasted (0.0%). The Fisher’s Exact test and the Chi-Square test showed that the relationship between length-for-age and the occurence of caries had a p-value of 1,000 meanwhile the relationship between nutritional status based on BMI-for-age and the occurence of caries had a p-value of 0.024. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between nutritional status based on BMI-for-age and caries in the permanent lower first molars in children aged 6-8 years at SDN 36 Manado.Keywords: dental caries, permanent lower first molar, nutritional status Abstrak: Karies adalah adanya rongga pada yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas jasad renik terhadap karbohidrat yang dapat diragikan. Status gizi merupakan keadaan tubuh sebagai akibat konsumsi makanan, yang menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat memengaruhi proses terjadinya karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan karies gigi molar pertama bawah permanen pada anak usia 6-8 tahun di SDN 36 Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling terhadap seluruh siswa di SDN 36 Manado berusia 6-8 tahun pada tahun 2019 yang berjumlah 48 orang. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran status gizi TB/U dan IMT/U berdasarkan SD dengan standar baku antropometri WHO untuk anak usia 5-18 tahun serta pemeriksaan rongga mulut untuk melihat ada tidaknya karies pada gigi molar pertama bawah permanen. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan terdapatnya karies pada gigi molar pertama bawah permanen sebesar 77,1% subyek. Status gizi berdasarkan TB/U didapatkan subyek kategori normal (83,3%) dan pendek/stunted (16,7%). Status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U didapatkan kategori obesitas (22,9%), gemuk (8,3%), normal (60,5%), kurus (8,3%), serta sangat kurus (0,0%). Hasil uji Fisher’s Exact dan uji Chi-Square menunjukkan untuk TB/U nilai p=1,000 sedangkan untuk IMT/U nilai p=0,024. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U dengan karies gigi molar pertama bawah permanen pada anak usia 6-8 tahun di SDN 36 Manado.Kata kunci: karies gigi, molar pertama bawah permanen, status gizi

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POLA PERGERAKAN KATAK BATU BERBINTIK HITAM (Staurois gutattus Gunther, 1859) DI GUNUNG POTENG KALIMANTAN BARAT

Jurnal Protobiont ◽

10.26418/protobiont.v9i1.40063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamad Jakaria ◽

Junardi Junardi ◽

Riyandi Riyandi

Keyword(s):

Movement Patterns ◽

Chi Square ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

Data Movement ◽

A Value ◽

Starting Point ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Relationship ◽

Test Result

Movement patterns has been observed in black-spotted rock frog (Staurois gutattus). The aim of this study was to obtain data movement patterns. This research was conducted at Mountain Poteng, West Kalimantan. Data were analized graphically to explain the relationship between the used parameters. There are 20 individual frogs were observed for 24 hours by using a spool track, which consists of 10 males and females. Chi square test result values of alignment grooves conducted on 20 individual frogs were observed during the 24 hours of observation showed that the χ2 count < χ2 table with a value of (χ2 = 0,61 < 3,481, p = 0,05; Chi square test), it shows that the pattern of movement of male and female frogs do not stay away from the starting point of observation.

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Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Among Women Attending Laboratory Centers in Ilam, Iran

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526519666190117120705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 98-101

Author(s):

Sasan Nikpay ◽

Masoumeh Otaghi ◽

Milad Azami ◽

Marzieh Karimi ◽

Jahangir Abdi

Keyword(s):

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Venereal Disease ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Laboratory ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Appropriate Education

Background: Trichomoniasis is known as a common venereal disease. It is estimated that 180 million people in the world are infected with this disease. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of (Trichomonas vaginalis) T. vaginalis among women who were referred to the central laboratory in Ilam. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 481 women with suspicious symptoms of trichomoniasis were selected during the first six months of 2015 in the central laboratory and Shahid Mostafa laboratory in Ilam, Iran. All patients were referred to the labs by gynecologists. Sterile swabs were used to collect direct smears. The results and questionnaire data were entered into SPSS version 16 and were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Direct smear of T. vaginalis demonstrated seven positive cases (1.5%). The highest and the lowest percentages of T. vaginalis infection in women were related to the 45-50 and 20-30 years age groups, respectively. Illiterate women had the highest percentage of infection. No significant relationship was found between the level of education and trichomoniasis infection in women (p = 0.085). The highest infection rate was associated with the use of ectopic contraceptive methods (condoms). Conclusion: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was low among women in Ilam but was high among women who have used tubal ligation and condom to prevent pregnancy. Therefore, more attention is required from healthcare centers for appropriate education to women about the proper use of protective equipment.

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