scholarly journals Reference Values for Serum Lipid Profiles in Iranian Adults: A Spline-Based Quantile Regression Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fallahzadeh Hossein ◽  
Momayyezi Mahdieh ◽  
Mirzaei Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Quantile Regression Method

Background: Reference measurements are used to screen for abnormal blood lipids. The problem is that these reference values obtained in one population cannot be effective for another population. This study aimed to determine the reference values for blood lipids profiles in the population aged 25-64 years in Yazd. Methods: This descriptive study was based on the data of  Yazd Health Study (YaHS) on 3800 adults by cluster sampling. The data set included gender, age, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and  high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). The linear percentile regression model and the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) were fitted to the data and the reference values were predicted according to the regression coefficients. R-3.0.1 software was used for data analysis. Results: Refrence values for TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were 109.43-275.72, 45.58-177.70, and 29.95-62.22 mg/dl. The trend of TC, TG, and LDL-C levels increased with age in both genders, but the trend of HDL-C in men decreased with age and remained almost constant in women. Conclusion: In this study, for the population of Yazd, reference values for blood lipids were different in both genders and age groups. Reference values for lipid profile increased in men and women with age.These findings can be used in both prevention and clinical decisions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents in Yazd Greater Area, Yazd, Iran

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dyslipidemia, a genetic and multifactorial disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, is defined by elevations in levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C), triglyceride, or some combination thereof, as well as lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in the Yazd Greater Area, Yazd, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of the national project implemented in Yazd Greater Area, Yazd, Iran. The sampling was performed using a multi-stage cluster sampling method on three age groups of girls and boys (6-9, 10-14, and 15-18 years old). Out of the total 1,035 children and adolescents who participated in this study, only 784 participants remained in the study until the end. Data collection was performed using lifestyle questionnaires including Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version. Results: The prevalence of high triglyceride was estimated at 1.4% and 4.2% in 6-9 and 10-18 years old children and adolescents, respectively. The prevalence of high cholesterol, LDL, and HDL was 3.2%, 3.2%, and 25.6%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the total population of children and adolescents in terms of demographic variables was 64.6% and 57.3% in boys and girls, respectively (P=0.038). Gender and increase in body mass index were significantly associated with dyslipidemia with OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.81 and OR=13.781; 95% CI: 3.78- 46.43, respectively. However, after adjustment for other factors, only an increase in BMI was significantly associated with dyslipidemia (OR=16.08; 95% CI: 4.49-57.59). Conclusions: Overweight and obese adolescents had a higher concentration of serum blood triglycerides, compared to other adolescents. Weight control, lifestyle modification, and diet are three ways to reduce lipid disorders in adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between genetically determined leptin and blood lipids considering alcohol consumption: a Mendelian randomisation study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e026860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqi Shen ◽  
José F Cordero ◽  
Jia-Sheng Wang ◽  
Ye Shen ◽  
Shengxu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Genetically Determined

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association of genetically determined leptin with lipids.DesignWe conducted a Mendelian randomisation study to assess a potential causal relationship between serum leptin and lipid levels. We also evaluated whether alcohol drinking modified the associations of genetically determined leptin with blood lipids.Setting and participants3860 participants of the Framingham Heart Study third generation cohort.ResultsBoth genetic risk scores (GRSs), the GRS generated using leptin loci independent of body mass index (BMI) and GRS generated using leptin loci dependent of BMI, were positively associated with log-transformed leptin (log-leptin). The BMI-independent leptin GRS was associated with log-transformed triglycerides (log-TG, β=−0.66, p=0.01), but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p=0.99), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, p=0.44) or total cholesterol (TC, p=0.49). Instrumental variable estimation showed that per unit increase in genetically determined log-leptin was associated with 0.55 (95% CI: 0.05 to 1.00) units decrease in log-TG. Besides significant association with log-TG (β=−0.59, p=0.009), the BMI-dependent GRS was nominally associated with HDL-C (β=−10.67, p=0.09) and TC (β=−28.05, p=0.08). When stratified by drinking status, the BMI-dependent GRS was associated with reduced levels of LDL-C (p=0.03), log-TG (p=0.004) and TC (p=0.003) among non-current drinkers only. Significant interactions between the BMI-dependent GRS and alcohol drinking were identified for LDL-C (p=0.03), log-TG (p=0.03) and TC (p=0.02).ConclusionThese findings together indicated that genetically determined leptin was negatively associated with lipid levels and the association may be modified by alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Causal Associations Between Blood Lipids and COVID-19 Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Shan-Shan Dong ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Shi-Hao Tang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Uk

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It has been reported that dyslipidemia is correlated with COVID-19, and blood lipids levels, including total cholesterol, HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels, were significantly associated with disease severity. However, the causalities of blood lipids on COVID-19 are not clear. Approach and Results: We performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal effects of blood lipids on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Using the outcome data from the UK Biobank (1221 cases and 4117 controls), we observed potential positive causal effects of dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.08–1.49], P =3.18×10 −3 ), total cholesterol (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.07–1.32], P =8.54×10 −4 ), and ApoB (apolipoprotein B; OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.07–1.29], P =1.01×10 −3 ) on COVID-19 susceptibility after Bonferroni correction. In addition, the effects of total cholesterol (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.02], P =2.29×10 −2 ) and ApoB (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.02], P =2.22×10 −2 ) on COVID-19 susceptibility were also identified using outcome data from the host genetics initiative (14 134 cases and 1 284 876 controls). Conclusions: In conclusion, we found that higher total cholesterol and ApoB levels might increase the risk of COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Lifetime duration of lactation and chronic inflammation among middle-aged women with a history of gestational diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001229
Author(s):  
Sylvia H Ley ◽  
Jorge E Chavarro ◽  
Stefanie N Hinkle ◽  
Mengying Li ◽  
Michael Y Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

IntroductionLonger duration of lactation is associated with lower cardiometabolic disease risk, but pathogenic pathways involved in the disease progression are unclear, especially among high-risk women. We aimed to examine the associations of lifetime lactation duration with cardiometabolic biomarkers among middle-aged women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM).Research design and methodsWomen with a history of GDM participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II, a prospective cohort study, were identified and followed through biennial questionnaires beginning in 1991. Lactation history was asked in three follow-up questionnaires to calculate lifetime duration. In 2012–2014, fasting blood samples were collected through the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study to measure inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6), liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), and lipid biomarkers (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).ResultsAt follow-up blood collection, women were at median age 58.2 (95% CI 51 to 65) years and 26.3 (95% CI 15.7 to 34.1) years since GDM index pregnancy. After multiple adjustment including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), longer duration of lactation was significantly associated with lower CRP (least squares (LS) mean 1.90 mg/L (95% CI 1.47 to 2.45) for 0-month lactation, 1.98 mg/L (95% CI 1.68 to 2.32) for up to 12-month lactation, 1.67 mg/L (95% CI 1.42 to 1.97) for 12–24 month lactation, and 1.39 mg/L (95% CI 1.19 to 1.62) for >24-month lactation; p trend=0.003) and IL-6 (1.25 pg/L (95% CI 0.94 to 1.68), 1.19 pg/L (95% CI 0.99 to 1.42), 1.04 pg/L (95% CI 0.87 to 1.25), and 0.93 pg/L (95% CI 0.78 to 1.11); p trend=0.04). Longer duration of lactation was associated with lower risk for chronic inflammation using CRP 3 mg/L cut-off in middle-aged women (OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.940 per 1-year increase) with multiple adjustment.ConclusionsLonger lifetime duration of lactation was associated with favorable inflammatory biomarker concentrations in middle-aged women with a history of GDM. Chronic inflammatory pathways may be responsible for previously reported associations between lactation and long-term risk for cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of eight formulas for LDL-C estimation in Iranian subjects with different metabolic health statuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Karkhaneh ◽  
Molood Bagherieh ◽  
Solmaz Sadeghi ◽  
Asma Kheirollahi
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Homogeneous Assay ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Considering the crucial role of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in determining cardiovascular risk, the accuracy of LDL-C estimation is essential. To date, various types of formulae have been introduced, albeit their accuracy has not been assessed in varied populations. In this study, the accuracy of eight formulae for LDL-C estimation was evaluated in an Iranian population. Methods A data set of 2752 individuals was included in the study and all samples were analyzed in term of lipid profiles using direct homogeneous assay. The population was divided into various subgroups based on the triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and age values and estimated LDL-C values by Friedewald, Chen, de Cordova, Vujovic, Anandaraja, Hattori, Ahmadi, and Puavillai equations were compared to the directly measured LDL-C in each subgroup. Results Estimated LDL-C values by Puavillai formulae showed an insignificant difference compared to the directly measured LDL-C in subjects with high level of TG. However, for TG range < 3.38 mmol/L and high levels of HDL-C, the difference between the means of estimated LDL-C by Hattori and de Cordova formulas, and directly measured LDL-C was relatively lower than other equations. In addition, estimated LDL-C by Hattori and de Cordova formulae had insignificant differences as compared to the direct LDL-C at some levels of cholesterol, the normal level of FBS and some age ranges. Conclusions Therefore, it seems that Hattori and de Cordova formulas can be considered as the best alternatives for LDL-C direct measurement in the Iranian population, especially for healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Reference Intervals (RIs) of Lipid Parameters for Nepalese Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
R.V. Mahato ◽  
R.K. Singh ◽  
A. M. Dutta ◽  
K. Ichihara ◽  
M. Lamsal
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Introduction: Reference interval (RIs) is the range of values provided by laboratory scientists in a convenient and practical form to support clinician in interpreting observed values for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of a disease. Laboratories in Nepal uses RIs, provided in the kit inserts by the manufacturers or from the scientific literature, established for western/European population. It is well known that population across the globe differs physiologically, genetically; race, ethnically, lifestyle, food habits and diet which have great impact on the reference values. Thus, it is inappropriate to use RIs that do not represent the local population. This approach highlights for establishing reference values in Nepalese population using the IFCC-CRIDL guidelines published in (C28-A3). Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze blood lipids concentration in apparently healthy Nepalese population to set up reference values for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and compare with the internationally recommended values. Methods: Reference individuals selected from healthy volunteers according to the IFCC/C-RIDL protocol in (C28 –A3). Volunteers were requested to avoid excessive physical exertion/exercise/excessive eating and drinking and fast overnight for 10-12 hour. Blood samples were collected from 120 subjects from each five centers of the country between 7:00-10:00 am, serum were separated and refrigerated at -20 in a cryo-vials. Finally, 617 samples were transported to Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan for analysis in dry Ice and 30 parameters were measured by fully automated biochemistry analyzer, Beckman Coulter (BC480) in the clinical laboratory. Results: A reference interval for each parameter was calculated from the 95% reference intervals ranging from 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles and, arithmetic mean + 2 SD were also calculated. The 95% reference range for total cholesterol (2.53-6.14), triglyceride was(0.42-3.32),for HDL Cholesterol was (0.28-1.46), for LDL was(1.05-4.00) and for VLDL was (0.054-0.92) for Nepalese population. Conclusion: Nepalese clinicians can take into consideration of reference lipid values of this study for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of disease. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 366-372

scholarly journals Lipid levels and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke among women

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (19) ◽  
pp. e2286-e2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Rist ◽  
Julie E. Buring ◽  
Paul M Ridker ◽  
Carlos S. Kase ◽  
Tobias Kurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment

ObjectiveTo examine the association between lipid levels and hemorrhagic stroke risk among women.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study among 27,937 women enrolled in the Women's Health Study with measured total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), as well as triglycerides. Strokes were confirmed by medical record review. We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyze associations between lipid categories and hemorrhagic stroke risk.ResultsDuring a mean of 19.3 years of follow-up, 137 hemorrhagic strokes occurred. Compared to those with LDL-C levels 100–129.9 mg/dL, after multivariable adjustment, those with LDL-C levels <70 mg/dL had 2.17 times the risk (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 4.48) of experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke. No significant increase in risk was seen for those with LDL-C levels 130–159.9 mg/dL (relative risk [RR] 1.14; 95% CI 0.72, 1.80) or 70–99.9 mg/dL (RR 1.25; 95% CI 0.76, 2.04). There was a suggestion, although not significant, of increased risk for those with LDL-C levels ≥160 mg/dL (RR 1.53; 95% CI 0.92, 2.52). Women in the lowest quartile of triglycerides had a significantly increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke compared to women in the top quartile after multivariable adjustment (RR 2.00; 95% CI 1.18, 3.39). We observed no significant associations between total cholesterol or HDL-C levels and hemorrhagic stroke risk.ConclusionLDL-C levels <70 mg/dL and low triglyceride levels were associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke among women.

Prevalence of Elevated Non-HDL Cholesterol among Patients with Diabetes in An Iranian Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Kheirollahi ◽  
Azam Karkhaneh
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Routine Assessment

Background and Aims: Non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non- HDL-C), which reflects all cholesterol present in potentially atherogenic lipoprotein particles, might be a useful marker of atherosclerosis in diabetic subjects. In the present study, we evaluated the prevalence of high non-HDL-C in patients with dyslipidemia in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects following LDL-C assessment as the first goal of therapy. Materials and Methods: A data set of 2142 individuals was included in the study. All values of lipid profile were compared between non-diabetic and diabetic groups and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was evaluated in two groups. Results and Conclusions: According to the results, 48% of patients with diabetes achieved combined LDL-C ≤2.5 mmol/L and non-HDL ≤3.3 mmol/L targets, and 58.2% of diabetic patients achieved LDL-C goal while only 50.2% attained non-HDL-C goal. Also, the results indicated that non-HDL-C significantly heightened in patients with diabetes. Therefore, non-HDL-C needs to be calculated as a routine assessment in patients with diabetes.

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