scholarly journals The oldest odonyms of Lviv

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Orysya Vira
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Ontological Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
The City

Street names were not often the subject of thorough research. The authors mostly record the first mention of a street in the sources but never notice the process (in some cases quite long) of the name formation. This research focuses on the names that were used for a short time or disappeared together with the object around which they signified the space. The sources of this work were the four oldest city books of Lviv: the book of the council and the bench court, two books of income and expenditure, and the book of a bench, covering the period 1382–1448, although with certain intervals. Such sources are heterogeneous, but they record the names in different areas of use, which statistically only emphasizes the constant use of such names. The goals of this study are to collect all the oldest odonyms of Lviv from preserved sources and publish their translation into Ukrainian; to present the chains of their formation; and to analyze the names of streets that no longer exist. The methodological framework of the research is based on the ontological approach to space, which means the study of relations, connections, and interactions between the actual names and denotatum-objects, i.e. the terrain that describes the name. Also we used the genetic method, which consists in the sequential disclosure of the origin and development of a historical phenomenon and aims to study the dynamics of the object’s evolution through time. After compiling the database, the sufficient availability of factual material allowed to use a typological method through which, based on common features, it was possible to distinguish two types of street names: proper names and descriptive names. The first type includes established names that have the denotatum “street”. The second includes the names without denotatum; they often have a preposition (however, they invariably perform an informative function). In the list where the found odonyms are sorted according to the chronology of use, we can trace their stages of formation. Some of the names are conditionally localized. The summary asserts that almost all found odonyms in the city centre were formed by the middle of the 15th century and were almost invariably used in the following years. In the suburbs, there are only a few names. Since the suburbs were developed rather slowly until the 16th century, there was practically no need for new odonyms.

scholarly journals The Image of the city in Italian chapels of the 15th century (a study of Benozzo Gozzoli’s fresco cycles)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.И. Тараканова
Keyword(s):  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

Образ города, предстающий в расписанных Беноццо Гоццоли капеллах, фиксирует в себе достижения изобразительного искусства, архитектуры и градостроительства в эпоху Кватроченто. В статье впервые прослеживается эволюция изображений городских видов и конкретных сооружений во фресковых циклах, выполненных мастером в Риме, Умбрии и Тоскане. Представление образа города в творчестве Гоццоли связано с решением перспективных задач, реальной ренессансной городской действительностью, особенностями заказа и личностью художника. Проанализированы разные ракурсы и масштабы в изображении городов, а также варианты их символического прочтения как в контексте священной истории, так и современных Беноццо событий. Показано, как в его творчестве новое ренессансное искусство сочетается с наследием античности и интернациональной готики. The subject of this article is an ideal city in Italy of the Early Renaissance. Starting with the first decades of the 15th century the erecting a new buildings at cities, primarily in Florence which was at that time a very progressive part of Italy, could be seen as a tendency to realize a perfect city on the basis of humanistic conceptions. Even the real situation when medieval patterns of planning and building combined with Renaissance elements in Florence was interpreted from an idealized perspective: the social and political superiority of Florentine Republic seems interflowed with its perfect appearance. Despite the fact that a new type of the city as architectural and planning whole was not devised in Renaissance Italy, the model of an ideal city was being successfully developed there in Quattrocento treatises on architecture and vedutas. The author of this article examines the principles underlying the idea of such city with optimal potentialities for man to fulfill its predestination on Earth as it was presented concepts of humanism.

scholarly journals Reshaping the Gdańsk Shipyard—The Birthplace of the Solidarity Movement. The Complexity of Adaptive Reuse in the Heritage Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7183
Author(s):  
Piotr Lorens ◽  
Łukasz Bugalski
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Brownfield Redevelopment ◽  
Solidarity Movement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

The Gdańsk Shipyard—the birthplace of the Solidarity movement—is host to a unique example of a multi-layered brownfield redevelopment project, an area that is burdened by a complex history, overlapping heritage, and multiple memories. These circumstances require an integrated yet differentiated approach to the site’s heritage and make the creation of one homogeneous narration of its future impossible. At the same time, the size of the area, as well as its location within Gdańsk city centre, has meant that its future has been the subject of numerous discussions and speculations conducted over the last 20 years—starting from the creation of a large-scale open-air museum and continuing to the localization of the new Central Business District of the city. Consequently, that broad discussion carried out regarding the scope of redevelopment projects has been rooted in the possible introduction of diverse models of adaptive reuse. This variety of possible approaches also includes discussion on the mode of integrating heritage in the redevelopment processes. The goal of this paper—written just before the initiation of the final stage of the conceptual part of the project—is to present the complexity of approaches to issues related to redevelopment and heritage preservation.

scholarly journals A SNAPSHOT OF HAPPINESS: PHOTO ALBUMS, RESPECTABILITY AND ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY IN DAKAR

Africa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Buggenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTYoung women who live in the improvised urban spaces on the outskirts of Senegal's capital city, Dakar, extemporize their respectability in a time of fiscal uncertainty through personal photography. The neighbourhood of Khar Yalla is an improvised, interconnected and multilayered space settled by families removed from the city centre during clean-up campaigns from the 1960s to the 1970s, by families escaping conflict in Casamance and Guinea-Bissau, and by recent rural migrants. As much as Khar Yalla is an improvised neighbourhood, it is also a space of improvisation. When women pose for, display, and pass around portraits of themselves at key moments in their social life, whether in the medium of social networking sites or photo albums, they reveal as much as they conceal the elements of individual and social life. They index their social networks and constitute their urban space not as peripheral, but as central to the lives and imaginations of their siblings and spouses who live abroad. Photographs actively shape and construct urban spaces, which are often loud, unruly and fraught spaces with vast inequalities and incommensurabilities. How women deal with economic and social disparity, within their own families, communities, and globally, is the subject of this article.

scholarly journals Przyczynki do dziejów szpitali gdańskich w średniowieczu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 84-124
Author(s):  
Wiesław Długokęcki
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
City Council ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Inputs to the history of hospitals in medieval Gdańsk The network of hospital in the three‑strand urban settlement unit of Gdańsk (Main Town, Old Town and Young Town) was shaped in the 14th and the start of the 15th century in accordance with a certain rule known also in other towns of the Teutonic Prussia, namely of establishing care homes intended for specific social groups. On the other hand, hospitality in Gdańsk also shows certain specificity resulting from the position of Gdańsk as the most important city in Prussia. The group of main or general hospitals included two facilities. The Hospital of the Holy Spirit established and opulently benefited by the Teutonic Order (before 1333) was given to the Main Town in 1382. It was directly controlled by the city council, which appointed hospital providers from among its ranks. Arguably, from that moment on its character began to change; gradually, among its residents the role of prebendaries –persons who had purchased a place in the home, would increase (at the beginning of the 15th century the fee amounted to 100–200 grzywna). It seems that the financial situation of the hospital in the first half of the 15th century was good and perhaps already then its extension occurred. The hospital of St. Elisabeth was of different character, also founded and opulently benefited by the Order in 1394 and run by it until 1454, previously a mansion for strangers, meaning people travelling. The sick were looked after here, as well as pilgrims and children, whereas prebendaries were not received. Its financial situation was good, incomes would systematically increase, also thanks to rich donations, such as those from Małgorzata Winterfeld. Running the facility gave the Teutonic Order the possibility to influence the society of Gdańsk, yet at the same time it created a field for conflicts due to the Order taking over financial resources of the city inhabitants. A separate group consisted of facilities for lepers of St. George (in the Main and the Young Town) and of Corpus Christi (the Old Town), as well as shelters intended for „strangers”: St. Gertrude hospital in the western suburb of the Main Town, initially the mansion of St. Elisabeth and probably the home of All God’s Angels in the Young Town. The home of St. James in New Dyke (Nowa Grobla – Łagiewniki Street), subordinate to the Teutonic Order was intended for sailors and was most probably the only „professional” shelter in the vicinity of the settlement system of Gdańsk. St. Roch hospital, as well as St. Barbara hospital in Long Gardens (Długie Ogrody) perhaps, should be excluded from the network of medieval hospitals in Gdańsk. Little is known on the subject of the genesis of hospitals for lepers and newcomers. It is likely they were established as initiatives of brotherhoods or private persons and approved by the Church and the Teutonic Order. Such facilities, except for St. Elisabeth hospital and St James hospital in New Dyke, quickly came under financial and personal control of city authorities, who appointed from among their own ranks or the ranks of burghers people who would exercise a direct control over the homes, which were under current management of hospitallers. The social position of shelter residents varied. Some of them had purchased a place in the facility and depending on the character of the emolument enjoyed lower or higher privileges. It must be highlighted that the process of buying out places also included homes which had initially been intended for those suffering from leprosy. There is no more complete information on the subject of some hospital chapels’ staff. In accordance with the privilege of Wilhelm of Modena from 1242, the right to present candidates was reserved for the Teutonic Order, whereas the institution to the bishop of Wrocław, yet there is no source information that would confirm that practice.

Die Fresken des Palazzo Spreca

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-374
Author(s):  
Petra Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Good Government ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Abstract In the 1470s, Domenico Spreca, a citizen of Viterbo, commissioned a cycle of virtues for the sala on the upper floor of his palazzo. From 2012 to 2018, the frescoes, largely unknown in (art) historical research, were the subject of legal proceedings and, on a regional level, of public debate over the preservation of cultural heritage. Over these years, it became clear that objects not only require financial resources to protect and preserve them over the centuries, but also need to be part of a narrative. Such a narrative was lost at an early stage, although the frescoes bear extraordinary witness to the negotiation processes of the 15th century concerning political virtues. In this paper, I argue that the cycle of virtues should be interpreted as an allegory of good government. Domenico Spreca addressed the conditions of loyalty (fidelitas)/obedience (oboedientia) on the one hand and the authority (auctoritas) of the superiores – the Pope, the Curia and the Rector of the Patrimonium Petri in Tuscia – on the other. To facilitate comprehension of this interpretation, the frescoes will be embedded in the political culture of Viterbo. To this end, their interpretation will be preceded by observations on the institutional establishment of papal authority in the city and on how its citizens dealt with it in the 1450s and 1460s: an authority that they legitimised on the basis of its pacification of factional struggles within the city and demanded for this purpose, from which they benefited and whose arbitrariness they attempted to curtail.

scholarly journals Suburban Public Transport Network Optimization and Operation Strategy of the New Bus Station in Bratislava

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bus Station ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article presented is aimed at identifying opportunities to improve the attractiveness of public transport, particularly that of the suburban bus service, thus providing for its precedence over individual car traffic in the city of Bratislava and its agglomeration in the Bratislava region. The subject is oriented to the impact of proposed changes in the transport operation and organisation from regional public transport point of view to the area adjacent to the city centre, especially in terms of the significant position of Mlynské Nivy Bus Station (MN Bus Station) which is now under complete rebuilding. The solution is shown how id possible to be a part of the integrated public transport services and the mylne zmýšľajúca competition among the operators especially state against private ones. Using the suburb lines as an express bus service on the area of the city is one of the possibility to operate pravisdelne during the all days in the city and not only to cover the rush hours.

scholarly journals Rural Neighborhood of Azak According to Numismatic and Ceramic Findings. Interaction between the City and the Rural Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (36) ◽  
pp. 231-247
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Maslovsky ◽  
◽  
Alexander P. Minaev ◽  
Nikita I. Iudin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Towns ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Property Wealth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The article describes the development of the rural district of Azak, the mutual interaction between the city and its rural settlements. The subject of consideration is the ceramic complex of rural settlements, its structure, and the peculiarities of the pottery craft development in small towns and villages. The intensity of contacts of rural settlements with the center and the property wealth of the population of the periphery are also estimated. These data complement the numismatic findings, which allow us to determine the degree of retail trade development in rural settlements, as well as to clarify the important question of the time of disappearance of the rural district of Azak by the end of the 1st quarter of the 15th century. Other categories of materials (weapons, jewelry and costume parts, agricultural equipment, sphragistics) are briefly described. The data of archaeology and written sources are also compared in this research. Conclusions are drawn about the cultural proximity of the rural and ordinary urban population of Azak, about the free population living in the territory of the rural district of Azak with average property wealth, about the synchronicity of the city and its district disappearance.

scholarly journals The Quattrocento city: between reality and ideality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Израилевна Козлова
Keyword(s):  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

Предмет настоящей статьи идеальный город Италии Раннего Возрождения. Уже с первых десятилетий XV века в возведении новых зданий в городах и прежде всего Флоренции в то время самой передовой части Италии, проступала тенденция воплотить совершенный город, основанный на системе гуманистических представлений. Сама действительная ситуация соединения в городском пространстве средневекового характера его планировки и застройки с вкраплением ренессансных элементов оценивалась с идеализирующей позиции: социально-политическое превосходство Флорентийской республики рисовалось гармонично слитым с ее образцовым внешним обликом. Однако новый тип города как архитектурно-планировочное целое фактически не был создан в Италии, но модель идеального города широко разрабатывалась в трактатах об архитектуре, а также в живописных ведутах Кватроченто. Автор статьи рассматривает принципы, определяющие идею этого города, где существуют оптимальные возможности для осуществления человеком своего предназначения на земле, как оно понималось гуманистами. The subject of this article is an ideal city in Italy of the Early Renaissance. Starting with the first decades of the 15th century the erecting a new buildings at cities, primarily in Florence which was at that time a very progressive part of Italy, could be seen as a tendency to realize a perfect city on the basis of humanistic conceptions. Even the real situation when medieval patterns of planning and building combined with Renaissance elements in Florence was interpreted from an idealized perspective: the social and political superiority of Florentine Republic seems interflowed with its perfect appearance. Despite the fact that a new type of the city as architectural and planning whole was not devised in Renaissance Italy, the model of an ideal city was being successfully developed there in Quattrocento treatises on architecture and vedutas. The author of this article examines the principles underlying the idea of such city with optimal potentialities for man to fulfill its predestination on Earth as it was presented concepts of humanism.

scholarly journals Przyczynki źródłowe do dziejów szpitala św. Elżbiety w Starym Mieście Gdańsku z lat 1429–1454

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 305-323
Author(s):  
Rafał Kubicki
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Old City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

Source input to the history of St. Elisabeth hospital in The Old City of Gdańsk in the years 1429–1454 The subject of this edition are sources regarding the hospital of St. Elisabeth in the Old City of Gdańsk in the years 1429–1454 deposited in archives in Gdańsk and Berlin. They present various aspects of the institution’s operations in the first half of the 15th century. Alongside issues pertaining to the confirmation of its land estate border (no. 1), individual bestowals on its behalf conducted by assorted donors (no. 2, 5, 7, 8, 12) and the management of the hospital’s inventory (no. 4), it also contains documents confirming agreements of lifetime residencies in the hospital (no. 9, 10, 11). We also have here accounts created in reference to the foundation of vicarage in the hospital chapel (no. 3) and the matters of personnel working in the service of the hospital (no. 6). All of them show the complexity of issues the persons connected with the institution handled, most of all in the case of the hospitaler, and alongside him the commander of Gdańsk, who somewhat held a supervising function on behalf of the Teutonic Order. They also confirm the important role of women in terms of nurturing care provided by the hospital, including primarily the head of the female personnel, here referred to as the mother or the mother of the poor. On the other hand, they are also a testimony to the social significance of the institution in the city, presenting the circle of people closely connected to her at the time.

Analisis Perbandingan Manajemen Keuangan Ojek Online Dan Ojek Reguler Studi Kasus Kecamatan Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
M. Koesmawan ◽  
Darwin Erhandy ◽  
Dede Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Savings And Loans ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Finances ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

In order to meet the needs of living which consists of primary as well as secondary needs, human can work in either a formal or an informal job. One of the informal jobs that is became the subject of this research was to become an ojek driver. Ojek is a ranting motorcycle.  Revenue of ojek drivers, accordingly, should be well managed following the concept of financial management. This research was conducted for the driver of the online motorcycle drivers as well as the regular motorcycle drivers they are called “The Ojek”. Ojek’s location is in Kecamatan (subdistrict) Duren Sawit, East Jakarta with 70 drivers of ojeks. The online ojeks earn an average of Rp 100,000 per day, can save Rp 11,000 to 21,000 per day, while, the regular ojek has an average income per day slightly lower amounted to Rp 78,500, this kind of ojeks generally have other businesses and always record the outflow of theirs money. Both the online and regular ojeks feel a tight competition in getting passengers, but their income can help the family finances and both ojeks want a cooperative especially savings and loans, especially to overcome the urgent financial difficulties. Almost all rivers, do not dare to borrow money. They are afraid of can not refund the money as scheduled.

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