scholarly journals The TOAST (Traction on Ankle Stress Test): A Supplemental Clinical and Dynamic Ultrasound Examination Approach for Focal Assessment of Axial Ankle Joint Instability.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 5442-5446
Author(s):  
James Inklebarger ◽  
Mr Thomas Rimbault ◽  
Teja Joshi ◽  
Kathy Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Axial Strain ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Valgus Stress ◽  
Dislocation Reduction ◽  
Ligament Instability ◽  
Dynamic Ultrasound ◽  
Manual Test ◽  
Manual Traction

Ankle drawer and varus-valgus stress tests have evolved to examine for excessive joint displacement in the sagittal and coronal planes which may correlate to ligament instability. However, there appear to be no formal manual test(s) assessing for axial plane (longitudinal) instability of the mortise joint. In keeping with Cartesian and Cyriax principles, The TOAST (Traction On Ankle Stress Test) was developed to dynamically assess for 3rd vector axial strain pain generation and long-axis mortise joint gapping. The test is easy to learn as longitudinal manual traction of the mortise joint and applied counterforce hand positions are similar to emergent ankle fracture dislocation reduction technique. The TOAST may also be performed under dynamic ultrasound control.  

Characterization of CMOS Structures (0.6 µm process) Submitted to HBM and COM ESD Stress Tests

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Meneghesso ◽  
E. Zanoni ◽  
P. Colombo ◽  
M. Brambilla ◽  
R. Annunziata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrostatic Discharge ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Emission Microscopy ◽  
Fast Rise ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract In this work, we present new results concerning electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness of 0.6 μm CMOS structures. Devices have been tested according to both HBM and socketed CDM (sCDM) ESD test procedures. Test structures have been submitted to a complete characterization consisting in: 1) measurement of the tum-on time of the protection structures submitted to pulses with very fast rise times; 2) ESD stress test with the HBM and sCDM models; 3) failure analysis based on emission microscopy (EMMI) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Limiting the Pitch Count in Youth Baseball Pitchers Decreases Elbow Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712198910
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Matsuura ◽  
Yuki Takata ◽  
Toshiyuki Iwame ◽  
Jyoji Iwase ◽  
Kenji Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Valgus Stress ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Elbow Pain ◽  
Youth Baseball ◽  
Baseball Pitchers

Background: Reducing the number of pitches thrown is regarded as the most effective way to prevent throwing injuries in youth baseball pitchers. However, few studies have compared the effectiveness of limiting the pitch count versus the limiting the number of innings pitched in terms of elbow injuries. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that, compared with inning limits, pitch count limits would lead to greater decreases in elbow pain, range of motion deficits, positive moving valgus stress test results, and the risk of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed baseball pitchers aged 8 to 12 years in 2017 and 2018. Inning and pitch count limits in games were set to a daily maximum of 7 innings in 2017 and 70 pitches in 2018. Elbow pain, range of motion, and moving valgus stress test results were evaluated. The presence of capitellar OCD was assessed on ultrasonographic and radiographic images. Results: A total of 352 pitchers in 2017 and 367 pitchers in 2018 participated. The mean pitch count per game was lower in the pitch count limit (CL) group (52.5 ± 16.0) than in the inning limit (IL) group (98.2 ± 19.5) ( P < .001). Compared with the IL group, the CL group had significantly lower rates of elbow pain (40.9% vs 31.9%, respectively; P = .01) and reduced flexion (19.0% vs 10.6%, respectively; P = .001). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between elbow pain and age in both the IL and the CL groups ( P < .0001 and P = .02, respectively) and between OCD and elbow pain in the CL group ( P = .04). Conclusion: A pitch count limit of ≤70 pitches per day for baseball pitchers ≤12 years could be more protective against elbow pain and reduced flexion than a limit of ≤7 innings per day, but it may not be effective for reducing the risk of capitellar OCD.

Combined-Stress Tests on 24S-T Aluminum-Alloy Tubes

1947 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. A147-A153
Author(s):  
W. R. Osgood
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Hoop Stress ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Shearing Strain

Abstract Combined-stress tests were made on five 24S-T aluminum-alloy tubes, 1 3/4 in. ID × 0.05 in. thick. The ratios of circumferential (hoop) stress to axial stress were 0, 1/2, 1, 2, and ∞. The tubes were tested to failure and sufficient measurements of circumferential strain and axial strain were taken to plot stress-strain curves almost up to rupture. The results are presented in the form of two sets of stress-strain curves for each ratio of stresses, namely, maximum shearing stress plotted against maximum shearing strain, and octahedral shearing stress plotted against octahedral shearing strain. In each plot the maximum deviation of the curves is about ± 5 per cent. A method of evaluating small octahedral shearing strains from the data is given which does not assume Poisson’s ratio to be 1/2.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Echogenicity is Associated with Achilles Tendon Fatigue Damage in a Cadaveric Loading Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine C. Schmidt ◽  
Todd J. Hullfish ◽  
Kathryn M. O’Connor ◽  
Michael W. Hast ◽  
Josh R. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Change In Mean

ABSTRACTAchilles tendon disorders are among the most difficult sports-related injuries to predict with current diagnostic tools. The purpose of this study was to identify a clinically useful marker for early tendon damage. We hypothesized that alterations in mean echogenicity are linked with changes in vitro tendon mechanics. To test our hypothesis, we harvested Achilles tendons from 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric feet and cyclically fatigued them using a universal test frame while we continuously acquired ultrasound images. Throughout this fatigue protocol, we applied 2 stress tests every 500 loading cycles to quantify changes in ultrasound imaging echogenicity. We continued this fatigue protocol until each tendon either failed completely or survived 150,000 cycles. Tendons that failed during the fatigue loading (6/10) underwent greater changes in mean echogenicity compared to tendons that did not fail (P = 0.031). These tendons that failed during fatigue loading demonstrated greater changes in mean echogenicity that surpassed 1.0%; whereas survivor tendons exhibited less than 0.5% changes in mean echogenicity. We found that changes in mean echogenicity measured with ultrasound increased proportionally with increased tendon damage. The magnitude of these changes was relatively small (<1.5% change in mean echogenicity) but may be an effective predictor of tendon failure. Mean echogenicity is a promising marker for quantifying fatigue damage in cadaveric Achilles tendons during a stress test. Although these changes cannot be detected with the naked eye, computer-based predictive models may effectively assess risk of tendon damage in physically active adults.Level of evidenceControlled laboratory experiment

scholarly journals Assessment of Seed Vigor Tests for Crambe abyssinica

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Tássia Fernanda Santos Neri Soares ◽  
Bruno Antônio Lemos de Freitas ◽  
José Geraldo de Araújo Ferreira Filho ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽  
Camila Andrade Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Seedling Length

Vigor tests are important mainly to identify differences associated to lots performance in field conditions. The objective of this study was to define the most appropriate tests to evaluate the crambe (Crambe abyssinica) seeds vigor. Seven seed lots of crambe were subjected to the standard germination (on the first and last count), germination speed index (GSI), primary root protrusion speed index (PRPSI), seedling length dry and weight seedling, water stress test using PEG 6000 at -0.2 MPa, electrical conductivity and cold test without soil. Crambe lots studied had germination percentages varying from 54 to 80.5%. The GSI, on the first count of water stress and electrical conductivity test ranked lots between two vigor classes The PRPSI, seedling length, seedling dry weight and last count of water stress tests were less sensitive to evaluate vigor for crambe seed. The cold test without soil and the first count of standard germination test were capable to dishtinguish lots more efficiently than the standard germination test on last count by ranking four of the seven seed lots studied.

Abstract 17369: Addressing Missed Opportunities for Cardiometabolic Primary Prevention of Veterans Referred for Stress Testing

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ysanne Johnson ◽  
Sheila M Mattei ◽  
Matthew Burg ◽  
Judith L Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Introduction: Patients presenting to stress testing have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (RF) which are not at guideline supported goals. Referral to stress testing is often a patient’s first presentation to CV care and represents a missed opportunity for delivery of risk reduction strategies. Hypothesis: Implementation of a cardiometabolic prevention initiative for cardiology-naïve patients referred to stress testing will result in improved delivery of guideline-directed prevention care. Methods: A consecutive prospective cohort of patients who underwent stress testing (12/1/2019-1/31/2020) after implementation of a linked cardiometabolic prevention referral for those with low risk stress tests was compared to a retrospective standard of care (SOC) cohort (9/1/2019-10/1/2019) from a single center Veterans Hospital. Outcomes assessed were change in CV risk reduction care at 90 days following stress test. Results: Of 181 patients, 62.5% were naïve to cardiology specialty care, had >1 CV risk factor not meeting guideline goals, 6% had typical angina as presenting symptoms, and greater than 70% of stress tests were normal or low risk. Baseline CV RF were common and failed to reach goals in SOC and intervention cohorts respectively with LDL above goal (40 vs. 33%), stage 1 or greater hypertension (67 vs 81%), Diabetes with HgA1c > 7 (48 vs. 21%), overweight or obese (68 vs. 79%), current tobacco (11 vs. 12%), and elevated mean 10-year ASCVD risk (32 vs.20%). At 90 days, 28% of SOC cohort had intensification of CV prevention care as compared to 76% of intervention cohort (X 2 26.8, p<0.05). Conclusions: A stress testing setting represents a valuable opportunity to deliver cardiometabolic prevention care. Integration of risk reduction strategies is imperative to shift from cardiac disease management to patient centered health promotion.

scholarly journals The effects of stress incontinence surgery on sexual function and life quality of women

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Fatih Tarhan ◽  
Alper Kafkasli ◽  
Kadir Demir ◽  
Ugur Yucetas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Transobturator Tape ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
International Consultation ◽  
Stress Incontinence Surgery

Objective: To evaluate Transobturator tape (TOT) and Burch colposuspension procedure’s effects on sexual functions and life quality. Materials and Methods: A total of 81 patients who underwent TOT (n = 49) or Burch (n = 32) with stress incontinence were included in this prospective study. Preoperatively and at postoperative 6 month follow up pad and stress tests, physical examinations, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF), Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) questionnaires were performed. Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) questionnare was added postoperatively. Results: According to stress test, success rate was found to be 69% and 45%, in the TOT and Burch groups respectively. Pad test decreased in both groups (p &lt; 0.05). PGI-I scores was higher in the TOT group when compared to Burch group (p = 0.031). ICIQ-SF scores were improved in both TOT (p &lt; 0.0001) and Burch groups (p &lt; 0.012). IUDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores improved only in TOT group. Total FSFI scores did not change in both groups but only in TOT group sexual desire improved. Total FSFI scores did not change in patients that were successful and unsuccessful according to the stress test in both TOT and Burch groups (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: TOT and Burch procedures have no effect on the sexual functions. However TOT improved life quality of patients.

Exercise performance in children and adolescents after the Ross procedure

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley S. Marino ◽  
Sara K. Pasquali ◽  
Gil Wernovsky ◽  
John R. Bockoven ◽  
Michael McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Ross Procedure ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
Before And After

Objectives:The Ross procedure is increasingly utilized in the treatment of aortic valvar disease in children and adolescents. Our purpose was to compare pre- and post-operative exercise state in this population.Methods:We included patients who underwent the Ross procedure at our institution between January, 1995, and December, 2003, and in whom we had performed pre- and post-operative exercise stress tests. We used a ramp bicycle protocol to measure consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide. Cardiac output was estimated from effective pulmonary blood flow by the helium acetylene re-breathing technique.Results:We studied 26 patients, having a median age at surgery of 15.7 years, with a range from 7.5 to 24.1 years. The primary indication for surgery in two-thirds was combined aortic stenosis and insufficiency. Median time from the operation to the post-operative exercise stress test was 17.4 months, with a range from 6.7 to 30.2 months. There was a trend toward lower maximal consumption of oxygen after the procedure, at 36.3 plus or minus 7.6 millilitres per kilogram per minute (83.9% predicted) as opposed to 38.6 plus or minus 8.4 millilitres per kilogram per minute (88.5% predicted, p equal to 0.06). Patients after the procedure, however, had significantly increased adiposity, so that there was no difference in maximal consumption of oxygen indexed to ideal body weight before and after the operation. In 20 of the patients, aerobic capacity improved or was stable after the operation. There was no post-operative chronotropic impairment.Conclusions:In the majority of patients following the Ross procedure, exercise performance is stable and within the normal range of a healthy age and sex matched population, despite sedentary lifestyles and increased adiposity.

The Influences of Different Temperature Histories on the Assessment of Cracking Resistance Based on the Concrete Thermal Stress Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 2426-2430
Author(s):  
Xue Feng Song ◽  
Ying Fei Wang ◽  
Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Adiabatic Heating ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Data Matching ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Heating Mode

This paper studied the influences of different temperature histories on the assessment of cracking resistance based on the thermal stress tests, and also initially considered and discussed the effects of several empirical tests on thermal stress tests, including approximate adiabatic heating mode, temperature control mode, archived data matching mode, followed by some proposals regarding the standardizing research of thermal stress test of concrete.

Stress Test Evaluation of Refueling and Storage Pools for Loviisa NPP

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti Varpasuo ◽  
Jukka Kähkönen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Load Duration ◽  
Intermediate Storage ◽  
Storage Pools

The paper will describe the following analysis of Loviisa plant’s spent fuel pools. As a consequence of stress tests for the existing NPP’s in Finland after the experiences gathered from the Tohoku -Taheiyou-Oki event in Japan in March of this year Fortum Power and Heat Oy (Fortum) has initiated the following analyses of the Loviisa power plant’s refueling pools and spent fuel intermediate storage pools for the combined cooling loss and the earthquake loads. The following loads will be analyzed: 1) The spent fuel pool and refueling pools water temperature is 100 degrees Celsius. The heat load duration is undetermined; 2) The earthquake ground motion applied simultaneously with the thermal load is defined as follows: (ground motion response spectrum is defined in Guide YVL 2.6), the maximum horizontal acceleration is assumed to be 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.3g and 0.4g, respectively; 3) Own weight; 4) The pool of water, hydrostatic pressure load plus the sloshing load because of earthquake motion. Te analysis is aimed to demonstrate the structural integrity and leak-tightness of the pools under the effect of above loads. The analysis is nonlinear taking into account the cracking of the concrete. As a result of the analysis the maximum strains will be determined in the pool stainless steel liner as well in the pool concrete walls.

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