scholarly journals Accountability Complexities in Non-governmental Organisation: A Reflection of Practical Mechanisms for Instilling Accountability in Selected Tanzania's Non-governmental Organisations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 2196-2210
Author(s):  
Richard Sikira
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Non-governmental Organisations are key development partners who receive funds and other support from various stakeholders for supporting human development. Receiving funds and other supports require a well-established accountability framework to which most NGOs do not adhere. The downward and upward accountability phenomena seem overly complicated for NGOs to strike a balance as they have diverse and antagonistic interests. Given that scenario, it was imperative to examine how the existing mechanisms, influence the accountability of NGOs with the bias of ANSAF, UCS and HAWA. The study used Dar es Salaam as the case study employing the case study research design with a sample size of 30. Data were gathered through interviews and semi-structured questionnaires and analysed through content analysis for qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed through simple descriptive statistics. This study aims to examine the mechanisms selected NGOs employ to instil accountability in Tanzania. The study found that the selected NGOs apply various accountability mechanisms, while the most used one is performance assessment based on a short-term basis, followed by disclosure of funding sources. The study concludes that upward and downward accountabilities are overly complex phenomena in actual practice. Thus, NGOs need a proper dedicated balance between the two.

scholarly journals The Conundrum in Accessing Business Development Services among Urban Informal Manufacturers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Mubarack H. Kirumirah ◽  
Emmanuel J. Munishi ◽  
Anna E. Kajubili
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
Start Ups

This study examined the extent at which informal manufacturers’ access Business Development Services (BDS). The study inquired about the extent of access and constraints to such access. The study was carried out in Dar es Salaam and mixed methods approach was used to study the phenomena. Using purposive and simple random sampling, researchers used a sample of 150 respondents from among manufactures and officials from different organizations. Data were collected by the use of questionnaire, interviews and documentary review. The descriptive statistics performed through SPSS were used in analysing quantitative data while content analysis run through MAXQDA10 was used to analyse qualitative data. Because the study was built on the contention that Business Development Services help in improving the performance of businesses, findings revealed that there is limited access to Business Development Services by urban informal manufactures in terms of training, financial assistance, legal related assistance and technical assistance among others which hinder their growth. The sluggish access to these services was caused by financial, information, technical, legislative, cultural and capacity related constraints. The study urged the government and its related organizations to value small start-ups by giving them all their necessary attention if they want the country to be more of an industrialized one. Business Development Services should be extended to these ventures bearing in mind that it is from these informal start-ups that disruptive industries emerge. Thus continuous trainings, financial and technical assistance should be given greater priority to urban informal manufacturers.

scholarly journals Customers' Opinions on Reasons for Using Online Banking: Experience of Customers in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 2185-2195
Author(s):  
Richard Sikira
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Online Banking ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Customer Support ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Information technology has revolutionalised the banking industry with enormous benefits. However, there have been mixed perceptions on preferring online banking to traditional banking. These perceptions usually change over time because of deliberate efforts done by stakeholders. This study aimed to determine the opinions of customers on the reasons for using online banking services. In conducting this research, the study opted to use a case study research design. The study employed 60 CRDB Bank customers as its sample size. The study collected its data through primary data, by using a semi-structured questionnaire that allowed the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. The researcher employed content analysis through descriptions for qualitative data and simple descriptive statistics analysis through frequencies and percentages for quantitative data. The study found that most respondents (customers) use online banking because it saves time, offers instant feedback, is reliable, and is secure and convenient. The study recommends more awareness and understanding of online banking services to users to enjoy the enormous benefits of online banking services. Furthermore, customer support must be improved and ensure keeping promises related to solving customers' problems. The study recommends categorically further research on the contribution of mobile money to the reduction of income poverty

scholarly journals Loan Recovery Procedures in Tanzania: A Case of Selected Microfinance Institutions in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 2172-2184
Author(s):  
Richard Sikira
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
Formal Procedures

The study aimed to determine the procedures employed by MFIs, specifically in loan recovery in Tanzania. Loan recovery has been a difficult task for many financial institutions but becomes more challenging to microfinance institutions due to the nature and processes they employ. The study examined the loan recovery procedures at NFBS, SMF and AML found in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania. The researcher employed a mixed- case study design, which involved 50 credit officer respondents obtained under the purposive sampling. The study used semi-structured questionnaires to gather primary data and also secondary data from documents available at NFBS, SMF and AML. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics with percentages and frequencies for quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. The study found that NFBS, SMF and AML used loan recovery procedures such as direct contact, friendly reminder, and issuance of final demand notice. Another procedure is to inform the local government on property selling and using a debt collection agency. The study recommends for MFIs to establish and prefer formal procedures that can be used for loan recovery because the use of informal procedures creates room for conflict and leads to ineffectiveness of recovering loans.

scholarly journals Sports Motivation Survey And Physical Activity Students Of Sport Education Teacher Training And Education Faculty FKIP Muhammadiyah University Surakarta

KINESTETIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Gatot Jariono ◽  
Nur Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
New Order ◽  
Sport Education ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This study reveals the motivation to exercise and physical activity of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order. This study aims to explore the perceptions, strategies, and challenges of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order in having the motivation to exercise and perform physical activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data using questionnaires and qualitative data obtained through interactive interviews using google forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies through Excel Microsoft 2013 and qualitative data were analyzed through interactive thematic data analysis. The results showed that (i) the sports motivation of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order was in a good category or 61.21%, (ii) The physical activity of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order was in a good category or was 71.03%. This study recommends that the more frequent physical activity students maintain their physical quality, this must be balanced with sports motivation that is qualified in the COVID 19 new order.

scholarly journals Youth Enterprise Development Funds Services and Youth Empowerment in Wajir County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (II) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Hassan Adow Mohamud ◽  
Fredrick Ndede
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Market Linkages ◽  
The Government

Youth empowerment is vital for any nation. Most Kenyan youths aspire to get white-collar jobs after completing education in order to build self and the nation. To most, achieving their career goals after the 8-4-4 education system is the most critical thing hence they will not settle for anything less than what they have trained for. The Government of Kenya has made efforts over the years to empower the youth by coming up with policies that enable the youth to venture in education as well as create opportunity for income generating projects. It is on this basis that this study therefore sought to examine the effect of YEDF services on youth empowerment in Wajir County. The study objectives were: to assess the effect of YEDF entrepreneurial training on job creation, to examine the effect of YEDF provision of loans on income and to determine the effect of YEDF provision of market linkages on youth enterprise development in Wajir County. The study adopted social capital, theory of change and reform theory to assess relationship among the various factors that have been identified as important to the study problem. This study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study consists of the 200 youth groups in Wajir County. This study used a closed and open – ended questionnaire to administer to the sample since time may be limited and information needed could easily be described in writing. The data was coded and entered on a Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software that aids in analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data. The researcher adopted content analysis to analyse the qualitative data based on the objectives. The descriptive statistics was used in analysing quantitative data. The researcher adopted content analysis to analyse the qualitative data based on the objectives. The descriptive statistics was used in analysing quantitative data. In analysing the relationship between variable (YEDF services and youth empowerment) the study used regression analysis. The study found out that attending the entrepreneurship training is important in improving business performance. The youths are trained on ways of improving and retaining customers. The researcher found out that most youths in the county have loan accessibility and have been accessing it for the past one year. The study found out that most youths have attended market linkages program. By attending the programs, they have learnt various ways of improving their business performance and sharing of business ideas. Finally, the study found out that there is a significant relationship between market linkages and youth’s empowerment in the County. The study recommended that the government and stakeholders to promote entrepreneur training, offering of loans and market linkages to equip youths with business skills. The study took a year to be completed, the researcher started in June 2017 and ended in July 2018. This is an open-access article published and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of United States unless otherwise stated. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Academics and the Future of Dental Education Across India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameshwari Singhal ◽  
Anil Chandra ◽  
Shuchi Tripathi ◽  
Pavitra Rastogi ◽  
Richa Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Dental Education ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Dental Schools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Situation

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the transition of dental education from chair-side clinical teachings to virtual didactic lectures. The future of dental education is not clear in these uncertain times. Objectives: This survey-based study aimed to evaluate the current scenario and preparedness of dental colleges/universities and faculty in adapting to the new situation and understanding the challenges faced during this phase. The survey also explored the opinions, limitations, and possible solutions in dental academics through open-ended qualitative questions. Methods: This survey-based study utilized exploratory mixed methods through both open- and closed-ended questions. The survey was distributed electronically to the majority of dental colleges across India to be answered voluntarily by the dental academicians involved in COVID-19 planning. The survey was inspired by the pre-existing questionnaire proposed by the Association of Dental Education in Europe (ADEE), and it was modified by the committee consisting of the study authors. Validation and piloting of the study were done through in-house dental faculty. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and expressed in percentages. Broad themes for qualitative data were derived by two independent authors and collated by the third author to finalize the results. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 89 dental schools from all parts of the country with varying stages of COVID-19 prevalence. Quantitative data revealed 100% adaptation of dental schools to online teaching, uncertainty regarding online (31.46%) and offline (10.11%) exams, and assessment of clinical competence. Qualitative analysis indicated uncertainty, ambiguity, and lack of direction among study respondents regarding how best to deal with the current situation. Conclusions: According to our results, collaborative effort from governing bodies was urgently required at this point to prevent dental education from being divided into multi-directional, incoherent, and isolated units.

scholarly journals Mobile Phone Influence on Sexual Behaviour of Undergraduate Students: A Case Study of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-41
Author(s):  
Ondicho Machuki ◽  
Joan Mutua
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Safe Sex ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

Purpose: The study sought to examine the influence of mobile phone use on sexual behaviour of university students: a case study of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya. The study specifically, sought to examine the effect of characteristics of mobile phones users, uses and gratification of mobile phones and the frequency of using mobile phones on sexual behaviour of university students in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya. Methodology: The research design that was adopted was descriptive in nature. The study also used both quantitative and qualitative data obtained from the respondents using questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) guides. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires while qualitative data was collected using Focus Group Discussions. The study adopted a stratified random sampling technique to select the sample size from the three strata, which are the various Faculties in JKUAT. The study then used Fisher’s formula to arrive at an adequate scientific sample size of 384 students who were targeted using convenient sampling, that is those that are ready to respond to the questionnaires and the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The quantitative data in this research was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS v22.0. Results: It was concluded that male students are more likely to use protection consistently compared to female students. In addition, the findings imply that consistency in condom use is a factor that is dependent on the age of the individual. In addition, relationship status is a contributor to the behaviour of the students sexually. For those that are in serious relationships, their use of protection declines due to the build-up of emotional and intimate trust towards each other. The findings likewise indicate that the student’s usage of mobile phones correlates significantly with the consistent use of protection for safe sex. Those students who have had their phones since they joined Campus are more likely to practice safe sex. In addition, heavy users of mobile phones are likely to practice safe sex including those who browse the internet for news updates. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends the media practitioners need to step up the production of morally acceptable media content and offer a platform for advertising and campaigning for sexual conduct by encouraging and stressing the use of protection. The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education should actively involve the undergraduate students in reproductive information awareness campaigns for ensuring positive attitudes towards responsible sexual behaviour and promoting best sexual practices.         

Role and Clinical Significance of Il-33 in Patients with Asthma

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Elena Jovanovska Janeva ◽  
Angelko Gjorchev ◽  
Biserka Kaeva ◽  
Gorica Breskovska ◽  
Zlatica Goseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov

Abstract Introduction. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cells play a role with secreting a variety of mediators responsible for the clinical manifestation of asthma. It is assumed that IL-33 is one of the earliest-released mediators and can orchestrate the immune cascade of the disease. The aim of this study was to examine the role and clinical significance of IL-33 as a new and insufficiently explored mediator of inflammation in patients with uncontrolled moderate asthma. Methods. The study included 87 patients with asthma. Serum IL-33 was measured in all patients by ELISA method. The obtained data were statistically analyzedusing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk's test. Qualitative data were presented in absolute and relative numbers, and quantitative data were presented with measures of descriptive statistics. Statistically significant values were considered forp <0.05. Results. Majority of included patients were female (75.86%). The average age of patientswas 42.3±15.9 years. The results of IL-33 in all patients were significantly increased compared to the reference value of IL-33 which is 0pg/ml. The average values of IL-33 ranged from 6.47±29.3 and they were insignificantly higher in the group with female patients compared to males (p=0.27), and insignificantly correlated with age (p=0.26). Conclusion. Even though a limited number of studies haveexplored the IL-33, results have shown higher serum level of IL-33 in asthma patients compared to healthy people, emphasizing the factthat IL-33 is an attrac tive candidate for targeted therapy and prognosis inasthma patients.

Sustainable development and social policy: a case of indigenous villages in Hong Kong

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok Wai Ma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Small House ◽  
The Government

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the issues relating to sustainable development (SD) in the context of indigenous village development in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach is used in this research. In addition to literature review, qualitative data, primarily collected through personal interviews with various stakeholders were the main source of input. Findings – The Small House Policy (SHP) case illustrates an unsustainable policy. It underscores the interrelatedness among the relevant systems – social/cultural, economic, political and environmental – in the context of SD. In the short term, the government can at least expedite the construction of sewage facilities for the villages. Furthermore, the government can consider elevating the penalty and tightening policing/patrolling in village environs to discourage the illegal sale of “ding” rights and small houses. In the longer term, the government needs to put the rural area in order. Identifying means to zone planning would be a possible direction on this front. Originality/value – Through examining the case of SHP relating to the indigenous villages in Hong Kong, the complexity of SD is thoroughly revealed.

scholarly journals DO DIFFERENT DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES IN DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENTATION AFFECT STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN CHEMISTRY?

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-693
Author(s):  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Klaudia E.N Bambut ◽  
Fauziatul Fajaroh
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Discussion Group ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Level Of Motivation

Argumentation has an influence on students’ cognitive skills as well as learning motivation through the increase in confidence, science, and social activities. Argumentation skills can be trained through different patterns of discussion — cooperative and collaborative. This study aimed to reveal the learning motivation of students who enacted their argumentation skills using Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) with cooperative and collaborative discussions. The research design was a case study that engaged 95 Grade 11 students who were learning the chemical equilibrium topic. The research instrument employed was the ARCS motivation questionnaire that consisted of four aspects, namely attention, confidence, relevance, and satisfaction. The quantitative data were collected from the ARCS questionnaire and the qualitative data were collected from classroom observation, interview, and students’ discussion process. The data were analyzed using designed criteria and percentages, and were described qualitatively. The study found that students who learn chemistry through cooperative-ADI gain a high average motivation. For each aspect of motivation, the majority of students in the cooperative-ADI discussion show a higher level of motivation compared to students’ level in the collaborative-ADI discussion. The study has implications on how to design a discussion group in terms of motivation.

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