scholarly journals Valores de los estudiantes universitarios de Madeira y Fortaleza: dimensión familiar

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Maria Helena De Agrela Gonçalves Jardim ◽  
Geraldo Bezerra Da Silva Junior ◽  
Maria Regina Teixeira Ferreira Capelo ◽  
John Miguel Costa Varela ◽  
Christina César Praça Brasil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

Esta é uma pesquisa quantitativa que tem como objetivo analisar os valores de família de estudantes universitários portugueses e brasileiros. Pesquisou-se 605 universitários, sendo 225 da Universidade da Madeira (Portugal) e 380 da Universidade de Fortaleza (Brasil). Utilizou-se a dimensão família do Questionário adaptado do European Values Survey, englobando questões sobre atitudes dos progenitores, número de filhos e qualidades a ensinar às crianças/jovens. A maioria dos participantes eram do sexo feminino e solteiros, apresentando os estudantes brasileiros scores mais elevados em relação às atitudes antiquadas dos pais acerca dos princípios morais e ao número de filhos, atribuindo importância às qualidades coragem, responsabilidade, respeito, perseverança, fé, generosidade, enquanto os portugueses outorgam maior importância à economia. Os resultados permitem inferir que as crenças, os valores e as qualidades dos jovens espelham a família, a sociedade envolvente e o mundo globalizado.

The Effect of Terrorism on Judicial Confidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-802
Author(s):  
Steven V. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Global Terrorism ◽  
Global Terrorism Database

Independent judiciaries prevent democratic reversals, facilitate peaceful transitions of power, and legitimate democracy among citizens. We believe this judicial independence is important for citizen-level judicial confidence and faith in democratic institutions. I challenge this and argue that citizens living under terror threats lose confidence in their independent judiciaries. Terror threats lead citizens to enable the state leader to provide counterterrorism for their security, which has important implications for interbranch relations between the executive and the judiciary. Citizens lose confidence in independent judiciaries that provide due process for suspected terrorists. I test my argument with mixed effects models that incorporate the Global Terrorism Database and four waves of European Values Survey. The analyses demonstrate the negative effects of terror threats on judicial confidence when interacting terror threats with measures of judicial independence. My findings have important implications for the study of democratic confidence and the liberty-security dilemma.

The Country'S Crime Rate Moderates the Relation between Authoritarian Predispositions and the Manifestations of Authoritarianism: A Multilevel, Multinational Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Roccato ◽  
Alessio Vieno ◽  
Silvia Russo
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rate ◽  
European Association ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Racial Intolerance

We performed a multilevel, multinational test of Stenner's model on authoritarianism using the 2008 European Values Survey dataset (N = 55 199, nested in 38 nations). We focussed on the effects exerted on four authoritarian manifestations (racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance) by the cross–level interaction between participants’ authoritarian predispositions (assessed in terms of childrearing values) and their country's crime rate. Associations between authoritarian predispositions and racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance were significantly stronger among participants living in countries characterised by high crime rates than those among participants living in countries with low crime rates. Limitations, implications, and future directions of this study are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology.

scholarly journals Alternatives to Aging Alone?: “Kinlessness” and the Importance of Friends Across European Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1416-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A Mair
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Alternative Sources

Abstract Objectives Increasing numbers of older adults cross-nationally are without children or partners in later life and therefore likely have greater reliance on nonkin (e.g., friends). This pattern may be particularly pronounced in country contexts that emphasize friendship. This article hypothesizes that those who lack kin (e.g., children, partners) and/or who live in countries with a stronger emphasis on friendship have more friends in their networks. Although these hypothesized patterns are consistent with interdisciplinary literatures, they have not been tested empirically and therefore remain overlooked in current “aging alone” narratives. Method This study combines individual-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (Wave 6) with nation-level data from the European Values Survey to estimate multilevel negative binomial models exploring number of friends among those aged more than 50 years who lack kin across 17 countries. Results Older adults who lack kin or whose kin are unavailable report more friends in their networks, particularly in countries with a higher percentage of people who believe that friends are “very important” in life. Discussion This article challenges dominating assumptions about “aging alone” that rely heavily on lack of family as an indicator of “alone.” Future studies of “kinlessness” should consider the extent to which friendship is correlated with lack of kin, particularly in more socioeconomically developed countries. Previous research on “aging alone” may have overestimated risk in more privileged countries that already emphasize friendship, but underestimated risk in family-centered countries where “kinlessness” and alternative sources of support are less common.

كتاب التطور الثقافي: تغير دوافع الشعوب وإعادة تشكيل العالم Book :Cultural Development: Changing peoples' motivations and reshaping the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (first) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Variable ◽  
European Values ◽  
Field Database ◽  
Second World

يعرف هذا الكتاب القارئ بنظرية التحديث التطورية Evolutionary Modernization Theory لرونالد إنجلهارت التي تنبثق عنها مجموعة من الفروض يقوم صاحب النظرية باختبارها مستخدماً قاعدة بيانات ميدانية فريدة من نوعها تم جمعها من مسح القيم العالمي World Values Survey ومسح القيم الأوربية European Values Survey ما بين عامي 1981 و 2014. ويُعد هذا الكتاب امتداداً للفكر الاجتماعي-السياسي والفكر الاقتصادي-التنموي الذي ظهر بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية متمثلاً في نظريات التحديث والتغير الثقافي، ويتبنى المؤلف النظرة الكونية لخريطة العالم الثقافية ويبرز أولوية المتغير الثقافي على وجه التحديد. و تم تصميم هذا الكتاب على نحو يساعد القارئ على تفهم كيف تتغير قيم الناس وأهدافهم، وكيف يؤدي ذلك إلى تغيير العالم. This book is known as Ronald Engelhart’s Evolutionary Modernization Theory, which gives rise to a set of hypotheses that the theory owner tests using a unique field database collected from the World Values ​​Survey and the European Values ​​Survey between 1981 and 2014. This book is an extension of the socio-political and economic-developmental ideas that emerged after the Second World War represented in theories of modernization and cultural change, and the author adopts the global view of the cultural map of the world and highlights the priority of the cultural variable specifically. This book is designed to help the reader understand how people’s values ​​and goals change, and how this changes the world

Threat to National Community?

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-96
Author(s):  
Erik R. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
Identity Attitudes ◽  
European Values ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This is the first of two chapters examining the relationship between authoritarianism and attitudes towards the EU. After explaining why existing utilitarian, cultural, and political explanations fail to explain fully the present structure of EU attitudes, the chapter presents the argument that the roots of this polarization over EU attitudes can be found in authoritarianism. The expanded institutional powers and membership of the EU pose a threat to national sovereignty and community. EU institutions have greater capacity to enforce policy upon member states, and the broader membership of the EU opens the borders of member states to a wider population. High authoritarians find these developments threatening and oppose the EU, while low authoritarians view the EU as increasing individual autonomy and social diversity. The analysis compiles data from the European Values Survey and national election studies from several countries. The results show that high authoritarians are less likely to support European integration, to trust the EU, or to support enlargement of the EU’s membership. This relationship holds when measures of social identity are included in this analysis, due in part to the effect of authoritarianism on social identity attitudes. Furthermore, evidence from an original survey conducted in Germany shows that high authoritarians are more likely to believe that the EU threatens Germany’s culture and laws.

Self-Selection Bias in Business Ethics Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey S. James
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Individual Self

Abstract:Suppose we want to know whether the ethics of persons with one characteristic differ from the ethics of persons having another characteristic. Self-selection bias occurs if people have control over that characteristic. When there is self-selection bias, we cannot be sure observed differences in ethics are correlated with the characteristic or are the result of individual self-selection. Self-selection bias is germane to many important business ethics questions. In this paper I explain what self-selection bias is, how it relates to business ethics research, and how to correct for it. I also illustrate the correction process in an empirical analysis of the effect of organizational rank on worker ethics. Using data from the European Values Survey, I find that being a supervisor is positively correlated with worker ethics. However, I also find a negative self-selection effect. Workers with relatively lower ethics are selected into supervisory roles.

scholarly journals Are Religiosity and Spirituality Related to Self-Reported Health Expectancy? An Analysis of the European Values Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Libby ◽  
Zachary Zimmer ◽  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Clove Haviva ◽  
Chi-Tsun Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Health Expectancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Private Prayer

AbstractResearch on religiosity and health has generally focussed on the United States, and outcomes of health or mortality but not both. Using the European Values Survey 2008, we examined cross-sectional associations between four dimensions of religiosity/spirituality: attendance, private prayer, importance of religion, belief in God; and healthy life expectancy (HLE) based on self-reported health across 47 European countries (n = 65,303 individuals). Greater levels of private prayer, importance of religion and belief in God, at a country level, were associated with lower HLE at age 20, after adjustment for confounders, but only in women. The findings may explain HLE inequalities between European countries.

scholarly journals The Links of Self-perception of Lithuanians to Place: Insights Based on the Data of European Values Surveys (1990–2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Savicka
Keyword(s):  
Place Identity ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
Long Time ◽  
European Values ◽  
Relationship Of

What determines that we feel connected with certain places and attached to them, that we care for them and express warm feelings of belonging even when living far away from them for a long time? The answers to these questions inevitably lead to the fundamental issue of personal identity. The present article analyses one of the aspects of the place identity phenomenon, namely, the dynamics of the relationship of self-perception of Lithuanians with certain places. For this purpose, the latest data from the European Values Survey, completed at the end of 2017, and the data of previous waves of this survey are employed. They reveal that Lithuanians give priority to local areas (first of all, to their own city, to Lithuania, and somewhat less to their own region), meanwhile their identification with Europe and the whole world is not so strong. However, the empirical data confirm the theoretical assumption that local and global self-awareness cannot be opposed: the comparison of the strength of place identities in different socio-demographic groups and among respondents with different value orientations has shown that the boundaries of places important for a person’s self-awareness are intertwined in a very complex way.

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