Investigating Crew Maintenance Modes for a Lunar Orbital Spaceport Station

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
S.E. Pugachenko ◽  
D.A. Kozedub
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
Feasible Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mission System ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
Space Infrastructure ◽  
Interplanetary Mission

The investigation concerned a methodological approach to selecting crew maintenance modes for a lunar orbital spaceport station and sought to detect the most efficient mode. We assumed the orbital station characteristics to be close to those of the Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway project that is currently scheduled in the USA. Using such a station as a base for assembling an interplanetary mission system is part of developing manned astronautics. We utilised systems analysis to conduct our investigation. We developed a mathematical model of the lunar space infrastructure, including the orbital station, transportation vehicles and launch vehicles. We assume a dual launch mission profile where a space tug attaches to a spacecraft or module in a low Earth orbit for a subsequent lunar transfer. We obtained program costs as a function of average launch frequency of the interplanetary mission system modules for two crew maintenance options. We determined a feasible range of average delivery frequency for interplanetary mission system modules, leading to long-term stay being preferable for manned missions while a system like this is being deployed.

Studying the Ways to Dispose Waste Products from Tourists --- Residents of Near-Earth and Near-Lunar Station-Hotels

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
I.K. Ivanov ◽  
S.E. Pugachenko ◽  
N.A. Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Program Costs ◽  
Space Infrastructure

The paper deals with manned orbital station-hotels built for regular visits of space tourists. The purpose of the study was to find a rational method to dispose waste products from the orbital station operation. For three options of the crew number, we introduce four ways to dispose waste products from tourists --- residents of the near-еarth and near-lunar orbital station-hotels. During the study, we used a system analysis method and developed a mathematical model of the manned space infrastructure. We estimated the effect of each method on economic costs in the design, manufacture and operation of the orbital stations and carried out a comparative analysis of the possible methods of waste disposal. Based on the results obtained, we propose rational options for both orbital stations. As a criterion of rationality, we chose indicators of program costs and unit costs for one visit by one tourist.

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: A measure using election promise implementation score

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
The Usa

<p><i>This paper introduces a measure of citizen ownership of the state, which works with empirical data. The paper defines citizen ownership of the state as a condition where whatever the majority of citizens want is implemented. In the present-day large scale state, whatever the majority of citizens want is expressed in the election promises of the winning party, alliance or individuals. The paper argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. It models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach works with empirical data. The test finds the citizen ownership of the state in the USA at 70.7 percent and the party intrusion into the ownership at 29.3 percent during the tenure.</i>.</p>

Rocket-Augmented Two Stage Runway Based Space Access Architecture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayanan Komerath
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Rocket Propulsion ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Payload Capacity ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Space Infrastructure ◽  
Two Stages

A runway-based space access system concept based on two stages to orbit is further refined. Routine access to Space with large payloads is essential for Space infrastructure projects such as solar power stations. The aim is to develop a reference architecture to enable cost estimation for a large reusable fleet. Prior work established that a 25000 kg payload could be delivered to low earth orbit starting with takeoff from a runway using a vehicle with the parameters of today’s large airliners. Hydrogen-fueled high-bypass turbofans provide efficient subsonic climb while oxygen is liquefied and stored. The second stage is launched at transonic speed at 18 kilometers altitude, followed by aerodynamic flight with ramjet, SCRAMjet and then rocket propulsion to orbit. A new feature is a brief rocket burn to fill the transonic ramjet performance gap, followed by ramjet-powered supersonic acceleration and climb. Beyond 60 km, SCRAMJET acceleration reaches the von Karman limit of 100km at Mach 8, beyond which rocket propulsion takes the craft to orbit. A refined initial mass estimation process allows the design to close swiftly, showing that payload capacity can be increased in future iterations with the same carrier aircraft parameters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Population’s Migration Potential as an Important Component of Migration Policy

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Olha Ryndzak
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
The Unemployed

Development of preventive migration state policy requires investigation of not only real but also prospective migration. This article provides the author’s methodological approach to the study of a population’s migration potential. The migration desires index (MDI), as one of the most important indicators of migration potential, was calculated for the unemployed urban population in Lviv, Ukraine, on the basis of the results of a monitoring sample survey (2013–2016, 2018). The MDI shows wave-like development dynamics. Generally, the share of “solid” migrants (persons who have firm plans to work abroad in the years ahead) grew from 14% in 2014 to 25% of the unemployed population in Lviv in 2018. Despite such a high level of migration desires, the respondents also showed a clear urge to be employed in Ukraine. Overall, the study results show that the improvement of employment opportunities in the national labor market and improvement of the wage system will contribute to a reduction of the level of migration potential and will thus slow the pace at which the working-age population is leaving. For those who still have a firm intention to go abroad, the state should provide an appropriate level of social and economic protection, primarily by establishing effective cooperation with countries that are most attractive for potential labor migrants. The author’s surveillance study shows that such countries are Germany, the USA, Canada, and Poland.

Adaptive reuse: a review and analysis of its relationship to the 3 Es of sustainability

Facilities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 138-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayman Mohamed ◽  
Robin Boyle ◽  
Allan Yilun Yang ◽  
Joseph Tangari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Equity Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Pertinent Information

Purpose There is a resurgence in the adaptive reuse of buildings. However, there is a lack of literature that pulls all the strands of adaptive reuse together. Furthermore, despite claims that it is motivated by the 3 Es of the sustainability triangle, the authors could find no research that critiques adaptive reuse from this perspective. The purpose of this study is to review the literature to collect pertinent information in a single place and to critically examine whether adaptive reuse incorporates the 3 Es of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach of this study is a literature review and a critical analysis of the practice of adaptive review. Findings Adaptive reuse is concentrated at the environment and economic development corners of the sustainability triangle. There are positive interactions along this edge. The authors attribute this to the fact that the same actors – the private and public sectors – are located at both corners of the triangle, and they have shared interests. This is different from the wider sustainability literature, where major actors at each corner are different and tensions along each edge are resolved through mediation. In adaptive reuse, there are no actors at the equity corner of the triangle, and there are minimal attempts to address concerns along the equity–environment and equity–economic development edges of the triangle. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the USA. Practical implications This study suggests policy interventions that address the equity issue in adaptive reuse. Originality/value This is the first study to provide a succinct review of contemporary adaptive reuse and that places the practice within the framework of the 3 Es of sustainability.

scholarly journals An initial ULF wave index derived from 2 years of Swarm observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Papadimitriou ◽  
Georgios Balasis ◽  
Ioannis A. Daglis ◽  
Omiros Giannakis
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Topside Ionosphere ◽  
Satellite Mission ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Ulf Wave ◽  
Magnetic Field Model ◽  
Swarm Satellite ◽  
Level 2

Abstract. The ongoing Swarm satellite mission provides an opportunity for better knowledge of the near-Earth electromagnetic environment. Herein, we use a new methodological approach for the detection and classification of ultra low-frequency (ULF) wave events observed by Swarm based on an existing time-frequency analysis (TFA) tool and utilizing a state-of-the-art high-resolution magnetic field model and Swarm Level 2 products (i.e., field-aligned currents – FACs – and the Ionospheric Bubble Index – IBI). We present maps of the dependence of ULF wave power with magnetic latitude and magnetic local time (MLT) as well as geographic latitude and longitude from the three satellites at their different locations in low-Earth orbit (LEO) for a period spanning 2 years after the constellation's final configuration. We show that the inclusion of the Swarm single-spacecraft FAC product in our analysis eliminates all the wave activity at high altitudes, which is physically unrealistic. Moreover, we derive a Swarm orbit-by-orbit Pc3 wave (20–100 MHz) index for the topside ionosphere and compare its values with the corresponding variations of solar wind variables and geomagnetic activity indices. This is the first attempt, to our knowledge, to derive a ULF wave index from LEO satellite data. The technique can be potentially used to define a new Level 2 product from the mission, the Swarm ULF wave index, which would be suitable for space weather applications. Keywords. Space plasma physics (waves and instabilities)

scholarly journals A SURVEY ON CRITICAL LITERACY AS A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO TEACHING ENGLISH IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gin Gin Gustine
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Critical Literacy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Efl Context ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Approach To Teaching

In English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) context, Foreign-Language (EFL) context,critical literacy as an alternative approach to teaching language and literature may be considered as something new, compared to its origin in some English-speaking countries such as Australia or the USA. Teachers wishing to adopt critical literacy stance in their class are often left with little knowledge or experience on what critical literacy is and how to develop this approach in their class. This article discusses the result of a survey involving twenty one English teachers in a teacher education university in Bandung, West Java province, Indonesia, related to their knowledge on critical literacy as an approach to teaching English language. Result of questionnaires followed up by a focus group discussion reveals that although these teachers have been teaching English for approximately five to seven years in different levels of schools, some teachers show lack of knowledge on critical literacy as a methodological approach to teaching English. Finally, this article concludes with suggestions for English teachers to develop a critical literacy-oriented classroom.

Abstract MP19: Reimbursement of Mobile Stroke Units in the United States: A Survey by the Prehospital Stroke Treatment Organization (PRESTO)

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Reichenbach ◽  
Claranne Mathiesen ◽  
Leslie Thomas ◽  
Margaret Hilger ◽  
James C Grotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Stroke Units ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Treatment Organization ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Program Costs

Background: Mobile Stroke Units (MSU) provide hyperacute diagnosis and treatment in the prehospital setting and are growing in number around the world. However, USA MSU reimbursement limits program proliferation and increases dependency on grants to support program costs. Therefore, we aimed to understand the USA MSU reimbursement paradigm. Methods: IRB approval was obtained for the conduct of an anonymous national MSU survey. Survey items were developed by MSU leaders experienced with reimbursement models and disseminated to all USA MSU programs. Returned data were entered and analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 20 existing USA MSU programs, 19 (95%) returned surveys. Programs work 26 + 6 (median 30) days per month serving a median 240 sq. mile radius with a median 600 dispatches per year; 47% describe their service area as metropolitan, 16% as rural, with 37% serving both. A median 4 people staff the MSU with 37% including an MD and 16% including an APP as the expert on board; the remaining programs use telemedicine MD coverage. Two programs are classified as “virtual ED” with 1 of these not classified as an EMS vehicle; 1 MSU is classified as an “outpatient clinic” with all other programs classified as EMS vehicles; 21% are certified CT Mobile Laboratories. During the last 12 months, overall the 19 responding programs gave on average 72 + 78 (median 30) alteplase tPA treatments. Of the 15 programs providing billing practices, 47% bill EMS ALS charges; supplemental billing included CT (53%), critical care (5%), telemedicine (53%), tPA (21%), and labs (5%), however, collection was poor. Overall, programs described their financial performance as negative, with only 1 program (outpatient clinic) defining it as positive; 100% rely in part or totally on grants, philanthropy, or institutional support to sustain the program. Conclusion: USA billing restrictions challenge MSU financial sustainability limiting reimbursement to traditional EMS ambulance services. Given the importance of early MSU treatment to reduce disability and death, new financial models are needed to ensure the viability of MSU services.

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