Special aspects of the use of laser coaxial melting of powder materials for creating objects from copper-base alloys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Uu. Shishov ◽  
M.A. Melnikova ◽  
A.A. Holopov ◽  
A.I. Misurov ◽  
A.V. Perestoronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Copper Substrate ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Copper Base ◽  
Processing Zone

Among the methods of additive technologies, coaxial laser melting, i.e. direct metal deposition (DMD), is quite widespread. Essentially, this process is about creating objects by sequentially deposing layers of powder and melting them due to their simultaneous supply through a nozzle with focusing of laser radiation into the processing zone. Various powders are used as materials for this technology, the powders being selected depending on the tasks and final characteristics. One of the promising directions for implementation is the creation of complex structures from copper alloys for aircraft construction. Despite the fairly widespread use of this technology in relation to copper alloys, in particular bronzes, there is a small amount of data and research for this technology. The purpose of this study was to understand the process of forming the materials when grown by the DMD method. For this purpose, the fusion of bronzes with a steel substrate was investigated; special aspects were revealed, which made it possible to pose the second task - the study of fusion of bronzes with a copper substrate. As a result, the microstructure of the samples was considered and their micro-hardness was measured.

Study on Fabrication of Grinding Wheel in Selective Laser Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 1027 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Shuai Li ◽  
Bi Zhang ◽  
Cong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Track Formation ◽  
Process Energy

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a promising technique to build grinding wheels with complex structures. In this paper, Ni-based self-fluxing alloys are chosen as bond materials to investigate single track formation on a steel substrate under different processing parameters. Results show that irregular and balling tracks are obtained with a low linear energy density (LED). The width of a melt pool increases linearly with LED. For LED values larger than around 0.9 J/mm, keyhole occurs in the melt pool, which is not desirable in the SLM process. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping is performed to investigate the formation of the melt pool. Through an analysis on chemical distributions, it is found that the melt pool has a mixture of the partly melted substrate and powders. However, in the keyhole region, only the alloying elements of the substrate are detected due to the repulsion of the melted powder materials caused by the recoil pressure. This work can offer guidance on parameter optimization for the fabrication of SLMed grinding wheels.

scholarly journals High Bending Strength Hypereutectic Al-22Si-0.2Fe-0.1Cu-Re Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Chunyue Yin ◽  
Zhehao Lu ◽  
Xianshun Wei ◽  
Biao Yan ◽  
Pengfei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Primary Silicon ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Al Matrix

The objective of the study is to investigate the corresponding microstructure and mechanical properties, especially bending strength, of the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM). Almost dense Al-22Si-0.2Fe-0.1Cu-Re alloy is fabricated from a novel type of powder materials with optimized processing parameters. Phase analysis of such Al-22Si-0.2Fe-0.1Cu-Re alloy shows that the solubility of Si in Al matrix increases significantly. The fine microstructure can be observed, divided into three zones: fine zones, coarse zones, and heat-affected zones (HAZs). Fine zones are directly generated from the liquid phase with the characteristic of petaloid structures and bulk Al-Si eutectic. Due to the fine microstructure induced by the rapid cooling rate of SLM, the primary silicon presents a minimum average size of ~0.5 μm in fine zones, significantly smaller than that in the conventional produced hypereutectic samples. Moreover, the maximum value of Vickers hardness reaches ~170 HV0.2, and bending strength increases to 687.70 MPa for the as-built Al-22Si-0.2Fe-0.1Cu-Re alloys parts, which is much higher than that of cast counterparts. The formation mechanism of this fine microstructure and the enhancement reasons of bending strength are also discussed.

Study on Arc Ion Plating Nitride Films of Microscopic Morphology and Micro-Hardness

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
Qing Tao ◽  
Yan Wei Sui ◽  
Sun Zhi ◽  
Wei Song
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Nitride Film ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Arc Ion Plating ◽  
Ion Plating ◽  
Tin Thin Films ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Microscopic Morphology

AlN and TiN thin films are widely used in electronic devices and acoustic material and other fields because of its unique merit, the preparation of nitride thin films by using the arc ion plating has not been a systematic and deep study. The article presents our research procedure which the AlN and TiN thin films are deposited on stainless steel substrate by arc ion plating (AIP). The characteristics of thin films, for example microstructure, morphology, composition analysis and hardness, are examined and analyzed. The results showed that: Droplet-like particles appear in the microstructure of nitride thin films, and the grain size of droplet-like particles in AlN thin films is greater than in TiN thin films. The micro-hardness of nitride films preparation in experiment has improved significantly, and establish firmly basic for extending the application field of nitride film.

scholarly journals Fracture Toughness of Hybrid Components with Selective Laser Melting 18Ni300 Steel Parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Santos ◽  
Joel de Jesus ◽  
José Ferreira ◽  
José Costa ◽  
Carlos Capela
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Conventional Steel ◽  
Scan Rate ◽  
Aisi H13 ◽  
3D Printed

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is currently one of the more advanced manufacturing and prototyping processes, allowing the 3D-printing of complex parts through the layer-by-layer deposition of powder materials melted by laser. This work concerns the study of the fracture toughness of maraging AISI 18Ni300 steel implants by SLM built over two different conventional steels, AISI H13 and AISI 420, ranging the scan rate between 200 mm/s and 400 mm/s. The SLM process creates an interface zone between the conventional steel and the laser melted implant in the final form of compact tension (CT) samples, where the hardness is higher than the 3D-printed material but lower than the conventional steel. Both fully 3D-printed series and 3D-printed implants series produced at 200 mm/s of scan rate showed higher fracture toughness than the other series built at 400 mm/s of scan rate due to a lower level of internal defects. An inexpressive variation of fracture toughness was observed between the implanted series with the same parameters. The crack growth path for all samples occurred in the limit of interface/3D-printed material zone and occurred between laser melted layers.

scholarly journals Effect of High−Speed Powder Feeding on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Fe−Based Coatings by Laser Cladding

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Runling Qian ◽  
Ju Yang ◽  
Wenjuan Niu ◽  
Liucheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Powder Feeding

In order to improve the wear resistance of 27SiMn steel substrate, Fe−based alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding technology in the present study. In comparison to the conventional gravity powder feeding (GF) process, high−speed powder feeding (HF) process was used to prepare Fe−based alloy coating on 27SiMn steel substrate. The effect of diversified energy composition of powder materials on the microstructure and properties of coatings were systematically studied. X−ray diffractometer (XRD), optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the phase structure and microstructure of Fe−based alloy coatings, and the hardness and tribological properties were measured by the microhardness tester and ball on disc wear tester, respectively. The results show that the microstructure of conventional gravity feeding (GF) coatings was composed of coarse columnar crystals. In comparison, owing to the diversification of energy composition, the microstructure of the high−speed powder feeding (HF) coatings consists of uniform and small grains. The total energy of the HF process was 75.5% of that of the GF process, proving that high−efficiency cladding can be achieved at lower laser energy. The refinement of the microstructure is beneficial to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the coating, and the hardness of the HF coating increased by 9.4% and the wear loss decreased to 80.5%, compared with the GF coating. The wear surface of the HF coating suffered less damage, and the wear mechanism was slightly adhesive wear. In contrast, wear was more serious in the GF coating, and the wear mechanism was transformed into severe adhesive wear.

Feasibility Studies on Selective Laser Melting of Copper Powders for the Development of High-temperature Circuit Carriers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 000517-000522
Author(s):  
Aarief Syed-Khaja ◽  
Christopher Kaestle ◽  
Joerg Franke
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Bronze Alloy ◽  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Copper Powders

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to lead significant changes in the present state-of-the-art production processes. This provides tool-free and direct manufacturing of complex geometries simultaneously integrating various functions into components. Though AM techniques are widely used in various sectors, the application into electronics production has been not yet explored. In electronics production, substrate development has high relevance due to their multi-functionality in giving the mechanical support and electrically connecting electronic components. This contribution introduces an innovative approach in the development of high-temperature substrates through additive layered manufacturing. The technique used in the investigations was selective laser melting (SLM) of copper based powder materials mainly bronze alloy and pure copper, for the generation of conductive patterns on ceramic surfaces. The process parameters for the SLM technique and the influential factors in the generation of conductive structures are discussed in detail.

Interaction of Components of Co-Sn and Co-Sn-Cu Powder Materials in Liquid Phase Sintering

2019 ◽  
Vol 943 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Georgiyevich Sokolov ◽  
Alexander Vitalyevich Ozolin ◽  
Lev Ivanovich Svistun ◽  
Svetlana Alexandrovna Arefieva
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Interaction Of Components ◽  
Sintered Alloys ◽  
Liquid Tin

The interaction of components and structure formation were studied in liquid phase sintering of Co-Sn and Co-Sn-Cu powder materials. The powders of commercially pure metals were mixed with an organic binder and applied on the steel substrate. Sintering was performed under vacuum at temperatures of 820 and 1100 °C. The structure of sintered alloys was investigated by X-ray diffractometry and electron probe microanalysis, and microhardness (HV0.01) of the structural components was measured. It has been found that the nature of interaction of the liquid tin with the solid phase at the initial stage of sintering affects the formation of structure and porosity of Co-Sn and Co-Sn-Cu alloys considerably. In Co-Sn alloys, diffusion of tin into cobalt particles leads to the formation of intermetallic compounds, which hinders spreading of the liquid phase. This results in a porous defect structure formed in Co-Sn alloys. In Co-Sn-Cu alloys, at the initial stage of sintering the liquid phase enriched with copper is formed that wets the cobalt particles and contributes to their regrouping. As a result of this, materials with minor porosity are formed.

scholarly journals Interferometry of Gas-Phase Flows during Selective Laser Melting

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Podrabinnik ◽  
Alexander E. Shtanko ◽  
Roman S. Khmyrov ◽  
Andrey D. Korotkov ◽  
Andrey V. Gusarov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Gas Jet ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
Ambient Gas ◽  
Processing Zone

Gas-phase flows occurring in a plume in a processing zone during selective laser melting (SLM) can significantly affect the quality of the process. To further enhance SLM performance, the characteristics of the flows should be considered. In this article, the vapor-gas jet emerging from the laser processing zone was studied. It was visualized by interferometry to evaluate flow velocity, geometry and changes in refractory index depending on laser power. The velocity and pressure fields of the vapor jet and the entrained ambient gas were estimated by mathematical modeling. It was shown that the increase of laser power led to higher jet velocity and greater change in its refractory index. The latter also was used to evaluate the content of metal vapor in the plume and its influence on the absorption of laser radiation.

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