scholarly journals A small river within the urban space. The evolution of the relationship using the example of Łódź

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kobojek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Small River ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The aim of this article is to present the relationship between an industrial city and a small river within the last 200 years and the contemporary development and functions of rivers and valleys. The study was conducted in Łódź (currently nearly 699,000 inhabitants). In the 19th and in the early 20th century, the spatial development of the city also caused considerable transformations of rivers and their valleys. It was only at the turn of the 20th century, i.e. after the fall of the textile industry and a rise of the focus on ecological structures within a city, that the authorities decided to repair the utilisation of rivers and valleys.

scholarly journals Image of a city in commemorative kerchief of the 19th – 21st centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Наталия Ивановна Ковалева
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Russian

Статья продолжает серию публикаций автора об истории российской текстильной промышленности конца XVIII – начала XXI века. Данная работа посвящена эволюции художественных приемов воплощения образа города и передачи отдельных архитектурных элементов в сюжетных и памятных платках отечественного производства. В статье в хронологической последовательности рассматриваются изделия крупнейших московских мануфактур XIX – начала ХХ века: Даниловской, Прохоровской Трехгорной; агитационные платки, ставшие прямыми наследниками традиции платков памятных, и далее «текстильные сувениры» – предметы, созданные во второй половине ХХ века. Заканчивают обзор платки, создающиеся в настоящее время на Павловопосадской платочной мануфактуре – единственном крупном платочно-набивном производстве страны, и изделия современных российских дизайнеров, работающих в нише малотиражного авторского платка. The article continues the author's series of publications devoted to the history of the Russian textile industry of the late 18th – early 21st centuries. This work is dedicated to the evolution of artistic techniques devices of embodying the image of the city and the transfer of individual architectural elements in the plot and commemorative scarves of domestic production. The article chronologically examines the products of the largest Moscow manufactories of the 19th – early 20th century: Danilovskaya, Тrekhgornaya; agitation kerchief, which succeeded to tradition of commemorative scarves and then “textile souvenirs” – items created in the second half of the 20th century. The review ends with the shawls currently being created at the Pavlovsky Posad shawl manufactory – the only large-scale kerchief-printed production in the country and the items of modern Russian designers working in limited editions.

scholarly journals Uncompleted project of the Central Municipal Park in Lublin

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Kamila Lucyna Boguszewska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Architectural Competitions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The areas of the former Royal Pond (Staw Królewski) in Lublin were the subject of many projects and architectural competitions. Over the years the concepts of development of this area have been changing, but both in the pre-war period and later, it was supposed to be green urban space accessible to the residents. The aim of the article is to outline the development plans of the city of Lublin (second half of the 20th century / beginning of the 21st century) concerning the implementation of the Central Municipal Park, which was planned in the area of the former pond. The works on this project, which was finally never implemented, have been carried out since the end of the 1950s. This name, used interchangeably with Culture Park (Park Kultury), appeared for the first time in the General Spatial Development Plan for the city of Lublin in 1957. The author, on the basis of conducted research, archival queries and comparative studies, analyses the ideas and solutions concerning the development of this part of the Bystrzyca river valley.

scholarly journals Planning the 2015 Chennai floods

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Bremner
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Territory

This paper approaches the floods of 2015 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, as the consequence of policies, plans and procedures that, over many years, had erased monsoon water and wetness from the city and its imaginary. In order to do this, it examines a number of plans that authorized spatial development in Chennai from the early 20th century onwards. It approaches them as urban cosmograms, in which heterogeneous entities were accommodated, congealed, concealed or expelled in the description of the urban territory and the composition of the urban world. The paper undertakes this analysis in order to deepen understanding of the relations between spatial planning, capitalist urbanization and the more-than-human vitalities of the monsoon. It approaches the flood waters that rose and fell in 2015 as a cosmopolitical situation and cause for thinking, which, putting people in the presence of the monsoon and its potency in new ways, forced them to confront the precariousness of their co-existence with it and experiment with ways to re-compose the urban monsoonal world differently. This discussion draws from Stenger’s notion of cosmopolitics as a mode of collective practice that proceeds in the company of those who would otherwise be likely to be disqualified as having idiotically nothing to propose, including the more-than-human. The paper makes some critical observations about these experiments and concludes by speculating on whether planning itself might be envisaged as a more inclusive, cosmopolitical project.

scholarly journals The Architecture of Kazan in Graphics of the Tatar Satirical Magazines “Yashen” and “Yalt-Yult”

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-299
Author(s):  
Firdaus G. Vagapova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

One of the positive phenomena of mo­dern culture is its tendency to study and preserve urban space, which is especially important for historical cities. The appeal of researchers to the study of urban landscapes, made by artists of pre­vious eras and left for descendants to see the views of large and small ci­ties, contributes to the process of lost monuments reconstruction. The importance of studying images of cities through visual sources is determined by the fact that cities are territories connected with lives of people, who are involved in creation of their architectural monuments. Ci­ties are the habitat of people that reflects their daily life. The article, for the first time, explores the features of the Kazan urban art of the early 20th century reflected in graphic works of the Tatar satirical magazines “Yashen” (“Lightning”) and “Yalt-Yult” (“Sparkle”), published in the early 20th century. The drawings presented in “Yashen” and “Yalt-Yult” are illustrations to articles and feuilletons.Most of the drawings are made in the genre of cartoons, which is predetermined by the studied ma­gazines’ subject matter. Mainly, architectural objects depicted in the cartoons of “Yashen” and “Yalt-Yult” magazines do not have an independent meaning, they are only “present” in picture’s composition in order to show an event from the city’s life more clearly. Another group of the Tatar satirical magazines’ drawings represents the ima­ges of the architectural structures that illustrate texts of advertisements. In this group’s graphics, depiction of architectural monuments is characte­rized by careful elaboration of details due to the reconstruction of the architectural structure’s image through visual memory. Because of the fact that at the beginning of the 20th century, the main part of the Tatar population of Kazan lived on the territory of the Old and New Tatar Slobodas, the authors of articles, feuilletons and cartoons in the magazines mainly reflected the life of those parts of the city.The research is based on the study of fundamental works and publications of Russian scientists and the analysis of the body of sources: articles and dra­wings from the magazines “Yashen” and “Yalt-Yult”, archival materials.

scholarly journals Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Janusz Zuziak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.

scholarly journals Building a timeline, developing a narrative: visualising fringe belt formation alongside street network development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Geddes ◽  
Nadia Charalambous
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Composite Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cyclical Process ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Generative Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Related Paper

This project was developed as an attempt to assess the relationship between different morphogenetic processes, in particular, those of fringe belt formation as described by M.R.G. Conzen (1960) and Whitehand (2001), and of centrality and compactness as described by Hillier (1999; 2002). Different approaches’ focus on different elements of the city has made it difficult to establish exactly how these processes interact or whether they are simply different facets of development reflecting wider socio-economic factors. To address this issue, a visual, chronological timeline of Limassol’s development was constructed along with a narrative of the socio-economic context of its development.  The complexity of cities, however, makes static visualisations across time difficult to read and assess alongside textual narratives. We therefore took the step of developing an animation of land use and configurational analyses of Limassol, in order bring to life the diachronic analysis of the city and shed light on its generative mechanisms. The video presented here shows that the relationship between the processes mentioned above is much stronger and more complex than previously thought. The related paper explores in more detail the links between fringe belt formation as a cyclical process of peripheral development and centrality as a recurring process of minimisation of gains in distance. The project’s outcomes clearly show that composite methods of visualisations are an analytical opportunity still little exploited within urban morphology. References Conzen, M.R.G., 1960. Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis, London: Institute of British Geographers. Hillier, B., 2002. A Theory of the City as Object: or how spatial laws mediate the social construction of urban space. Urban Des Int, 7(3–4), pp.153–179. Hillier, B., 1999. Centrality as a process: accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids. Urban Des Int, 4(3–4), pp.107–127. Whitehand, J.W.R., 2001. British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition. Urban Morphology, 5(2), pp.103–109.

scholarly journals Nueva York 1916. La ciudad sin límites | New York 1916. Unlimited city

ZARCH ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
José Durán Fernández
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
York City ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

La Ciudad de Nueva York fue pionera en la aplicación de un sistema de planificación de control urbano que pusiera orden y concierto a una ciudad que rebasa los 5 millones de habitantes a principios del siglo XX. Tal complejo organismo urbano, inédito hasta ese momento, fue objeto del más ambicioso plan urbano sobre una ciudad construida.Este artículo se destina al estudio de este originario plan urbano de 1916, el cual sentaría las bases, unas ciertamente visionarias otras excesivas, de la construcción de la Ciudad de Nueva York en todo el siglo XX. La Building Zone Resolution se creó con dos fines: resolver los problemas de congestión humana en un espacio reducido, la ciudad del presente, y proponer una visión del espacio urbano en las décadas venideras, la ciudad del futuro.El artículo es un compendio de diez textos cortos y un epílogo, que junto a sus respectivos diez documentos gráficos, construyen el corpus de la investigación. El lector pues se enfrenta a un ensayo gráfico formado por pequeños capítulos que le sumergirán en los orígenes de la primera ciudad vertical de la historia.PALABRAS CLAVE: Nueva York; Planeamiento; Visión urbana.The city of New York was a pioneer in the implementation of an urban control planning system that set in order a city that exceeds five million people in the early twentieth century. Such complex urban organism – invaluable until that moment – was the target for the most ambitious urban planning on a built city.This paper focuses on the study of this initial urban planning from 1916, which would set the basis, certainly some visionary yet others excessive, for the building of New York City throughout the 20th century. The Building Zone Resolution was created with two purposes: to solve the issues related to the human bundle in a limited space, the city of the present, and to aim a vision of the urban space in the forthcoming decades, the city of the future.The article is a compendium of ten short texts and one epilogue, which in combination with ten graphic documents, frame the corpus of this investigation. Thus, the reader will face a graphic essay composed by a series of brief chapters that highlight the beginning of the first vertical city in history.KEYWORDS: New York; Planning; Urban vision.

Russian Empire’s Religious Institutions in the 18th - Early 20th Century: The Evolution of “Friend - Alien - Foe” Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-31
Author(s):  
Alexandre Yu. Bendin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
The Relationship

The Russian governments three principal institutions to regulate the empires diverse religions from the 18th to the early 20th century are examined. Its author describes the evolution of these bodies, their features and purpose, as well as defining the concept of religious security by analyzing its specific historical content. The author also discusses the relationship between the institutions of the official Russian Church, religious tolerance for foreign confessions, and discrimination against the Old Believers through the prism of friend - alien - foe relations. This approach helps us understand the hierarchical nature of the relations and contradictions that existed between the institutions, whose activities regulated the religious life of the Russian Empires subjects until 1905. The article goes on to analyze the relationship between the official legal status of the Russian Church, imperial tolerance, and religious discrimination. It concludes that the formation of the three state-religious institutions that began in the 18th century ended during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I. That time saw the beginning of the gradual evolution of friend - alien - foe inter-institutional relations, which peaked under Emperor Nicholas in 1904-1906. The author also considers the changes in the governments policy towards the Russian schism of the 17th century, which ultimately removed the friend-or-foe opposition in the relations between the Russian state, the Russian Church and the schismatic Old Believers. In accordance with the modernized legislation on religious tolerance, lawful Old Believers and sectarians moved from the category of religious and political foes to that of aliens, to which foreign confessions traditionally belonged. Under the new legal and political conditions, intolerance and religious discrimination against the schism ceased to be an instrument of state policy.

Djalkiri

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Collaborative Community ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
New Type ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Djalkiri are “footprints" – ancestral imprints on the landscape that provide the Yolŋu people of eastern Arnhem Land with their philosophical foundations. This book describes how Yolŋu artists and communities keep these foundations strong, and how they have worked with museums to develop a collaborative, community-led approach to the collection and display of their artwork. It includes contributions from Yolŋu elders and artists as well as Indigenous and non-Indigenous historians and curators. Together they explore how the relationship between communities and museums has changed over time. From the early 20th century, anthropologists and other collectors acquired artworks and objects and took photographs in Arnhem Land that became part of collections at the University of Sydney. Later generations of Yolŋu have sought out these materials and, with museum curators, proposed a new type of relationship, based on a deeper respect for Yolŋu intellectual frameworks and a commitment to their central role in curation. This book tells some of their stories.

The Sound of India In Maurice Delage’s Quatre Poèmes Hindous

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-296
Author(s):  
Noémi Karácsony
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
French Music ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Instrumental Technique ◽  
The Relationship

"French composer and pianist Maurice Delage wrote several significant works inspired by his personal contact with the Orient. His travels to India inspired Delage to use innovative sound effects in his compositions, as well as to require his performers to adapt their vocal or instrumental technique to obtain the sound desired by the composer. His representation of the Orient is not a mere evocation of the Other, as is the case with most orientalist works, rather it reflects the composer’s desire to endow Western music with the purity, strength, and vivid colors which he discovered and admired in Indian music. The present paper presents the historical and artistic background which inspired and influenced Delage, the relationship between France and India in the early 20th century and reveals the composer’s idealistic point of view regarding India, its culture, and its music. The analysis focuses on the mélodie cycle Quatre poèmes hindous, composed between 1912 and 1913, striving to reveal the Indian influences in the work of Delage and the way orientalism is represented in French music from the first decades of the 20th century. Keywords: orientalism, France, India, 20th century, Maurice Delage"

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