scholarly journals Trends and Status of Zero Budget Natural Farming in Andhra Pradesh, ZBNF Impact in District of Visakhapatnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Chetti Praveen Kuma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Natural Farming

Agriculture peasants lost their agricultural economic power of agricultural labor due to some short of adverse effect on agriculture labor, like privatized seeds, privatized inputs and inaccessibility credit, overwhelmingly corporate controlled farming. The agriculture economic power slips from hands of peasants to corporate body. Indian agriculture system transforming towards conventional farming to organic natural farming, not even Indian agrarian society most of the developing and developed economies approximately more than 154 countries switching from conventional to organic natural farming. Natural farming is certainly much superiority than conventional farming. Simply we can say less expansive, it saves energy, conservation of bio diversity, fewer residues in food and many others. Hence, a comprehensive study dealing with the economics of organic farming and conventional farming covering different agro-climatic conditions is felt necessary. As such, the present Study addresses itself to fill in this gap by examining the Economics of Natural Farming vis-à-vis Conventional Farming in A.P. In recent years, it is moving towards “Natural farming” with growing consciousness on health and environment damages. It is not viable yet. In this backdrop, the study seeks to address economic viability of organic and natural farming and it’s empirically, to examine the status and trends of ZBNF in Andhra Pradesh. to assess and analyze the economic feasibility and economic efficiency of zero budget natural farming.

RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION FOR HOT WATER SUPPLY AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Yu. Selikhov ◽  
K. Gorbunov ◽  
V. Stasov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Cost

Solar energy is widely used in solar systems, where economy and ecology are combined. Namely, this represents an important moment in the era of depletion of energy resources. The use of solar energy is a promising economical item for all countries of the world, meeting their interests also in terms of energy independence, thanks to which it is confidently gaining a stable position in the global energy sector. The cost of heat obtained through the use of solar installations largely depends on the radiation and climatic conditions of the area where the solar installation is used. The climatic conditions of our country, especially the south, make it possible to use the energy of the Sun to cover a significant part of the need for heat. A decrease in the reserves of fossil fuel and its rise in price have led to the development of optimal technical solutions, efficiency and economic feasibility of using solar installations. And today this is no longer an idle curiosity, but a conscious desire of homeowners to save not only their financial budget, but also health, which is possible only with the use of alternative energy sources, such as: double-circuit solar installations, geothermal heat pumps (HP), wind power generators. The problem is especially acute in the heat supply of housing and communal services (HCS), where the cost of fuel for heat production is several times higher than the cost of electricity. The main disadvantages of centralized heat supply sources are low energy, economic and environmental efficiency. And high transport tariffs for the delivery of energy carriers and frequent accidents on heating mains exacerbate the negative factors inherent in traditional district heating. One of the most effective energy-saving methods that make it possible to save fossil fuel, reduce environmental pollution, and meet the needs of consumers in process heat is the use of heat pump technologies for heat production.

scholarly journals Regarding some aspects of economic feasibility for the transport integrated use in favor of environmental security

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 05001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
European Area ◽  
High Dynamics

The transport system in Russia and the transport support issues of national security differ completely from the Occident and other developed countries due to geostrategic and natural climatic conditions of our country. The integrated transport system, where in a sufficiently coherent manner used are the roads and railways, domestic water and air ways, pipeline transport, is more developed in the European area of the country. However there is no assessment of economic feasibility for the integrated transport lines. Firstly, assessment criteria for the transport support efficiency in favor of environmental security; secondly, mathematical economic models of various transport types integrated use in favor of environmental security; thirdly, economic feasibility methods for transport integrated use in favor of environmental security, that unavoidably leads to unreasonable transport operations using the existing rail and water ways at little distances, and increases their base cost by several times versus the transport by road. High dynamics of transport support for economic, demographic and environmental security within a market economy require the development of approach for the transport integrated use in favor of Russia national security. This article describes some practical recommendations for transport systems control bodies.

scholarly journals Zero Budget Natural Farming in India: Aiming Back to the Basics

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Saikat Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Natural Farming

Crisis of Indian agriculture is very pertinent at this moment as green revolution is gradually losing its hope. Excessive, pointless exploitation of broods of green revolution has left bad footprints on country’s food security and environmental safety. With the motto to ensure food security by reviving Indian agriculture in environmentally safe way as well as to release farmers from debt cycle and suicides, zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) has come in the picture, which discards uses of all the chemical farming inputs and relies on natural way of farming i.e. rejuvenating soil and crop health through its own practices (Jivamrita, Bijamrita, mulching, soil aeration, intercropping, crop diversification, bunds, bio-pesticides etc.). ZBNF movement right now is the most popular agrarian movement which begun in 2002 in Karnataka and later successfully spread in many states (specially, of South India) of the nation through numbers of trainings, demonstrations and various promotional activities. Successful outcomes from farmers’ fields of south Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka etc. are encouraging and grabbing attention of farmers, public and private organisations towards ZBNF in recent times. Yet, various controversies regarding its transparency,      inadequate information, efficacy, practices, idealisms, even the term ‘zero budget’ etc. have agglutinated around ZBNF over the years since it debuted. Critics in fact have cited several references of drastic yield reductions with ZBNF practices in many places. Adequate scientific evaluation or monitoring of ZBNF’s successes or failures through multi-locational trials is now therefore the needful before allowing or restraining its run in Indian agriculture.

Women’s financial planning for retirement

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Sweta Tomar ◽  
Deepak Verma
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Planning ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Status ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Women's Retirement

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the status of the research on women’s financial planning for retirement. This paper provides a brief review of the work carried out so far along with a conceptual framework of factors influencing women’s retirement financial planning. In addition, it lists significant gaps and recommends avenues for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe review is based on 151 articles appearing in various peer-reviewed journals published during 1980–2017. The study establishes its prominence by studying the publication activities based on the year of publication and region, citation analysis, research designs, data analysis techniques and findings from the selected articles.FindingsMost of the literature on women’s financial planning for retirement indicates a lack of financial management amongst women and their susceptibility to poverty in postretirement years. The majority of the research works in this field have taken place in developed economies. Empirical research with regression-based models for analysis is the most popular research design. This review also highlights the significant determinants of women’s retirement financial planning as identified through literature. These include socio-demographic factors, psychological constructs, financial literacy, economic and circumstantial forces.Originality/valueThis paper covers the research works done in this area in the past 38 years. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to provide a systematic and comprehensive compilation of the knowledge in this subject. It further synthesizes the findings of various studies on factors influencing women’s retirement financial planning and gives recommendations for future studies.

A Different Kind of Subprime: Risk Management in Microcredit Lenders and their Implications on Debtors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Mckinnon-Nestman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Shed Light

Microfinance is a movement which aims to promote financial inclusion and empower individuals through small loans (as well as other services) to finance business ventures in the developing world and beyond. Microfinance aims to meet the financial needs of individuals who are left out of the scope of more mainstream financial services, while avoiding the perceived shortfalls of traditional aid such as dependence. Along with the expansion of microfinancial institutions (MFIs) since the turn of the century and the proliferation of the internet, diligent and prudent management of these institutions has never been of greater importance. Though there is a lot of research on entrepreneurship, business, finance, andmanagement concerning more mainstream practices, it is clear that microfinance is at a frontier of modern commerce. Risk is basic to all business (as well as life in general) and in order for the microfinance movement to maintain its growth, it must be self-sustaining while maintaining its ability to assist meaningful development. This presentation will compare the risk management practices standard to MFIs now, as well as look at how risk is fundamentally different to small entrepreneurship in developing regions in comparison to developed economies. In doing so, it should shed light on the financing needs and realities of target individuals and see how MFIs in the status quo are able to meet them. From this we should seewhere the shortfalls currently lie and where things may be improved.

scholarly journals Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc in Pakistan: Status, Benefits, and Constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Seon Young Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Zinc Fertilizer ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification

Micronutrient malnutrition (e.g., zinc) is one of the major causes of human disease burden in the developing world. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is highly prevalent in the Pakistani population (22.1%), particularly in women and children (under 5 years) due to low dietary Zn intake. In Pakistan, wheat is the primary staple food and is poor in bioavailable Zn. However, the number of malnourished populations has decreased over the last decade due to multiplied public awareness, accelerated use of Zn fertilizers (particularly in wheat and rice), initiation of several national/international research initiatives focusing on Zn biofortification in staple crops and availability of supplements and Zn fortified meals merchandise, nonetheless a large number of people are facing Zn or other micronutrient deficiencies in the country. There are few reports highlighting the significant increase in daily dietary Zn uptake in population consuming biofortified wheat (Zincol-2016) flour; indicating the positive prospect of biofortification interventions up scaling in lowering the risk of dietary Zn deficiency in rural and marginalized communities. Zinc fertilizer strategy has not only helped in enhancing the grain Zn concentration, but it also helped in improving crop yield with high economic return. In addition, Zn biofortified seeds have exhibited strong inherent ability to withstand abiotic stresses and produce higher grain yield under diverse climatic conditions. However, there are many constraints (soil, environment, genetic diversity, antinutrients concentration, socioeconomic factors etc.) that hinder the success of biofortification interventions. This review highlights the status of Zn deficiency in Pakistan, the success of agronomic and genetic biofortification interventions. It also discusses the economics of agronomic biofortification and cost effectiveness of Zn fertilization in field conditions in Pakistan and the potential of Zn biofortified seeds against abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it also highlights the constraints which limit the sustainability of biofortification interventions.

scholarly journals Protected Cropping in Warm Climates: A Review of Humidity Control and Cooling Methods

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkat Rabbi ◽  
Zhong-Hua Chen ◽  
Subbu Sethuvenkatraman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Humidity Control ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Warm Climates

The projected increase of the world’s population, coupled with the shrinking area of arable land required to meet future food demands, is building pressure on Earth’s finite agricultural resources. As an alternative to conventional farming methods, crops can be grown in protected environments, such as traditional greenhouses or the more modern plant factories. These are usually more productive and use resources more efficiently than conventional farming and are now receiving much attention—especially in urban and peri-urban areas. Traditionally, protected cropping has been predominantly practised in temperate climates, but interest is rapidly rising in hot, arid areas and humid, tropical regions. However, maintaining suitable climatic conditions inside protected cropping structures in warm climates—where warm is defined as equivalent to climatic conditions that require cooling—is challenging and requires different approaches from those used in temperate conditions. In this paper, we review the benefits of protected cropping in warm climates, as well as the technologies available for maintaining a controlled growing environment in these regions. In addition to providing a summary of active cooling methods, this study summarises photovoltaic (PV)-based shading methods used for passive cooling of greenhouses. Additionally, we also summarise the current humidity-control techniques used in the protected cropping industry and identify future research opportunities in this area. The review includes a list of optimum growing conditions for a range of crop species suited to protected cropping in warm climates.

scholarly journals Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biraj Pyakurel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Livelihood Improvement ◽  
The Status

This research entitled, “Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement” was carried out in Habeli Community Forest of Nuwakot district with the specific objectives of assessing the status of NTFPs in the study area, studying the local people’s knowledge about NTFPs, their attitude towards collection and domestication, assessing the role of NTFPs to household economy and existing market system of NTFPs. Altogether 30 households were sampled to carry out the research and the information regarding biophysical and socio economic condition, perception towards NTFPs and their domestication were collected through various PRA and RRA tools like Household Survey, Group Discussion, and Key Informant Survey (KIS). People were generally familiar with the NTFPs and their importance and were slowly heading towards NTFPs domestication although on a small scale. The respondents have been utilizing their agricultural land to grow NTFPs like Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis and other species like Dendrocalamus strictus and Arundinaria intermedia that were grown naturally on the farmlands and were also willing to domesticate more NTFPs having higher market value such as Swertiachirayita in the upcoming days. Altogether of 34 NTFPs of 28 different families were documented in the study area where most of them were in their wild stage. The C.F has the immense opportunity of promoting NTFPs in future which is at the rapid conservation stage right now. The geographical and climatic conditions are also favorable to grow NTFPs that may lead towards the initiation of forest based small scale enterprise that can eventually generate employment and income. NTFPs promotion has become essential in all parts of the country so research on this subject matter can create a milestone in the economic upliftment of the country. The future research on promotion of NTFPs, local manufacturing of NTFPs, distribution ecology and reproductive biology of NTFPS also has the great potentiality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5535The Initiation Vol.4 2011 46-55

scholarly journals Aspects of economic feasibility for the transport integrated use in favor of environmental security

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
European Area ◽  
High Dynamics

The transport system in Russia and the transport support issues of national security differ completely from the Occident and other developed countries due to geostrategic and natural climatic conditions of our country. The integrated transport system, where in a sufficiently coherent manner used are the roads and railways, domestic water and air ways, pipeline transport, is more developed in the European area of the country. However, there is no assessment of economic feasibility for the integrated transport lines system. Firstly, assessment criteria for the transport support efficiency in favor of environmental security; secondly, mathematical economic models of various transport types integrated use in favor of environmental security; thirdly, economic feasibility methods for transport integrated use in favor of environmental security, that unavoidably leads to unreasonable transport operations using the existing rail and water ways at little distances, and increases their base cost by several times versus the transport by road. High dynamics of transport support for economic, demographic and environmental security within a market economy require the development of approach for the transport integrated use in favor of Russia national security. This article describes some practical recommendations for transport systems control bodies regarding the efficiency improvement of their use in favor of environmental security.

scholarly journals Mitigating the twin problems of malnutrition and wheat blast by one wheat variety, ‘BARI Gom 33’, in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Khondoker Abdul Mottaleb ◽  
Md. Farhad ◽  
Naresh Chandra Deb Barma
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Maize Research Institute ◽  
Scaling Out

For the first time in history outside of Latin America, deadly wheat blast caused by the fungus <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> pathotype <em>triticum</em> (MoT) emerged in the 2015–2016 wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) season of Bangladesh. Bangladesh, a country in South Asia, has a population of nearly 160 million, of which 24.3% are classified as poor. Consequently, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency are highly prevalent, particularly among school going children and lactating women. Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), with the technical support of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, has developed and released a new wheat ‘BARI Gom 33’. The new wheat is a zinc-enriched (Zn) biofortified wheat, resistant to the deadly wheat blast disease. ‘BARI Gom 33’ provides 5–8% more yield than the check varieties in Bangladesh. Rapid dissemination of it in Bangladesh, therefore, can not only combat wheat blast but also mitigate the problem of Zn deficiency and ensure income for resource-poor wheat farmers. Importantly, a large portion of the current wheat area in India and Pakistan is vulnerable to wheat blast, due to the similarities of the agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh. As wheat blast is mainly a seed-borne disease, a rapid scaling out of the new wheat in Bangladesh can reduce the probability of MoT intrusion in India and Pakistan, and thereby generate positive externalities to the food security of more than 1 billion people in South Asia. This study explains the development process of ‘BARI Gom 33’; the status of malnutrition in Bangladesh, and the possible economic gain from a rapid scaling out of ‘BARI Gom 33’ in Bangladesh. A few policies are recommended based on the discussions.

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