Dietary Camellia sinensis Influences the Broilers: A Review

This study was conducted in order to understand the impact of using dietary Camellia sinensis in broilers. In this regards several studies were explored and obtained findings were found to be much interesting and useful. In summary it has been reported by researchers that Camellia sinensis supports the feed intake (4480 g/b), water intake (8960 ml/b), live body weight (2356.8 g/b), weekly weight gain (2322.8 g/b), carcass weight (1381.8 g/b) and feed conversion ratio (1.92). Further, it was stated that Camellia sinensis reduces the relative weight of heart, liver, spleen, proventriculus, intestine and fat pad by 13.53, 61.1, 2.26, 58.13, 10.2 and 81.41%, respectively compared to their normal weights. Camellia sinensis enhances the immunity of broilers that results lower infection rate and mortality rate. Concerning digestibility it was indicated by researchers that digestibility of crude protein improves by 80.33%, ether extract by 76%, crude fiber 33.83% and metabolizable energy by 79.66%. In conclusion, Camellia sinensis has been proved an important dietary supplement for the broilers. It supports birds’ immunity, production and performance.

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The impact of quarantine on Covid-19 infections

Epidemiologic Methods ◽

10.1515/em-2020-0038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (s1) ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Marshall

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Infection Rate ◽

District Level ◽

Infection Model ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Lower Infection ◽

The Impact ◽

Lower Infection Rate ◽

Over Time

Abstract Objectives: Coronavirushas had profound effects on people’s lives and the economy of many countries, generating controversy between the need to establish quarantines and other social distancing measures to protect people’s health and the need to reactivate the economy. This study proposes and applies a modification of the SIR infection model to describe the evolution of coronavirus infections and to measure the effect of quarantine on the number of people infected. Methods: Two hypotheses, not necessarily mutually exclusive, are proposed for the impact of quarantines. According to the first hypothesis, quarantine reduces the infection rate, delaying new infections over time without modifying the total number of people infected at the end of the wave. The second hypothesis establishes that quarantine reduces the population infected in the wave. The two hypotheses are tested with data for a sample of 10 districts in Santiago, Chile. Results: The results of applying the methodology show that the proposed model describes well the evolution of infections at the district level. The data shows evidence in favor of the first hypothesis, quarantine reduces the infection rate; and not in favor of the second hypothesis, that quarantine reduces the population infected. Districts of higher socio-economic levels have a lower infection rate, and quarantine is more effective. Conclusions: Quarantine, in most districts, does not reduce the total number of people infected in the wave; it only reduces the rate at which they are infected. The reduction in the infection rate avoids peaks that may collapse the health system.

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Dampak Pemberian Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Ikan dalam Pakan terhadap Kolesterol Darah dan Performa pada Domba

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v21i1.16627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ganesha Ade Riemas ◽

Iman Hernaman ◽

Diky Ramdani ◽

Bambang Nurhadi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Affect Body Weight ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur seberapa besar pengaruh minyak ikan yang sudah terenkapsulasi terhadap kolesterol darah dan performa pada Domba. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Sub Unit Pelayanan Pengembangan Pembibitan Ternak Domba dan Kambing (SUPPPTDK) Bunihayu, Subang pada tanggal 20 Januari 2020 sampai 27 Maret 2020. Sebanyak 18 ekor domba Ekor Tipis jantan dengan bobot 15,99±0,98 kg dialokasikan ke dalam 3 perlakuan secara acak. Domba tersebut diberi ransum perlakuan yang disuplementasi dengan mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan sebanyak 0% (P0), 2,5% (P1), dan 5% (P2). Data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis ragam dan bila hasil berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan dapat menurunkan kolesterol darah (P0,05), namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi dan konversi ransum (P0,05). Penurunan kadar kolesterol terjadi pada kelompok domba dengan perlakuan mikroenkapsulasi sebanyak 2,5% (P1) dan mikroenkapsulasi 5% (P2). Kadar kolesterol darah masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 100,70 mg/dl (P0); 96,20 mg/dl (P1); dan 78,76 mg/dl (P2). Rataan yang terbaik pada pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi bahan kering harian, dan konversi ransum terdapat pada P2 yaitu 63,96 g/hari, 574,13 g/hari, dan 9,08. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan dapat menurunkan kolesterol darah, dengan penurunan tertinggi pada pemberian 5%. (The impact of microencapsulation fish oil in feed on blood cholesterols and performance on sheep) ABSTRAK. This study measured the effect of encapsulated fish oil on blood cholesterol and sheep performance. The study was conducted at the Bunihayu Sheep and Goat Breeding Services Bunihayu, Subang on January 20, 2020 to March 27, 2020. A total of 18 male thin-tailed sheep 15.99±0.98 kg were allocated randomly into 3 treatments. The sheep were given feed supplemented with fish oil microencapsulation of 0% (P0), 2.5% (P1), and 5% (P2). The data were collected and analyzed by analysis of variance and, if the result is significantly different, continued by Duncan's test. The results showed that fish oil microencapsulation decreased blood cholesterol levels (P0.05). However, it did not affect body weight gain, consumption, and feed conversion (P0.05). Decreased levels of cholesterol occurred in the group of sheep with 2.5% microencapsulation (P1) and 5% microencapsulation (P2). Blood cholesterol levels of each treatment were 100.70 mg/dl (P0); 96.20 mg/dl (P1); and 78.76 mg/dl (P2), respectively. Averagely, the highest body weight gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion were found in P2 as much as 63.96 g/day, 574.13 g/day, and 9.08, respectively. The results can be concluded that microencapsulation of fish oil can reduce blood cholesterol, with the highest decrease at the level of 5%.

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Effect of protein and energy levels in a constant ratio supplemented with methionine and lysine on performance of layers and on egg quality.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v28i1.17041 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

A.R. El Boushy ◽

L.G.M. van Gils ◽

M.C. Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Constant Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Egg Weight

Twenty groups of 36 laying hens in individual cages were fed on one of 5 diets in which the energy:protein ratio was constant. Diets 1 to 5 had crude protein 12.0, 12.9, 14.0, 15.0 and 16.0% and metabolizable energy 8.71, 9.57, 10.27, 11.10 and 11.70 MJ/kg. From 24 to 64 weeks old, egg production of hens given diets 1 to 5 was 71.46, 71.31, 72.51, 71.13 and 69.99%, respectively. Corresponding values of mean egg weight, weekly feed intake and efficiency of feed conversion were 60.51, 60.47, 61.11, 61.02, 61.07 g; 157.16, 147.56, 142.03, 130.37, 126.72 g; 3.674, 3.460, 3.262, 3.031, 3.014 kg feed/kg egg, respectively. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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The impacts of a fibrolytic enzyme additive on digestibility and performance in the grower period, and supplemental Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance and rumen health in the finisher period for feedlot steers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2020-0134 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa S. Williams ◽

Ousama AlZahal ◽

Ira B. Mandell ◽

Brian McBride ◽

Katie Wood

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Gut Health ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a fibrolytic enzyme pretreatment on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, and ruminal pH throughout the grower and early finisher period (Exp. 1), and to examine the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on intake, performance, and indicators of gut health in the late finisher period (Exp. 2). Fifty-four steers were randomly assigned to a subgroup determining experimental treatment groups. In Exp. 1, steers were randomized to: control (CON1; no enzyme) or enzyme (ENZ; 0.75 ml kg-1 DM of feed) dietary treatments. Digestibility was improved (P≤0.05) in ENZ steers for DM, CP, NEg, and sugars, but did not affect (P≥0.12) DMI, ADG, or reticulo-ruminal pH. In Exp. 2, the treatments were: control (CON2; no yeast) or yeast (YST; 3.0 g animal-1 daily) supplemented diets. Rumen papillae were collected for mRNA expression of gut barrier function (OCLN, CLDN, ZO1, ZO2) and immune response (TLR2, TLR4, FCAR) genes and histological measurements. YST decreased (P<0.001) DMI by 31%, reduced variation in dry matter intake, and improved feed conversion ratios, but did not impact rumen health mRNA expression or histology measures (P≥0.07). Overall, ENZ improved the digestibility of some nutrients in the grower period, and YST improved feed efficiency, without impacting growth performance or gut health.

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NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SORGHUM GRAIN FOR BROILER CHICKENS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas82-105 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 869-875 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. W. HULAN ◽

F. G. PROUDFOOT

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Live Body Weight ◽

Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽

Poultry Diets ◽

Sorghum Grain ◽

Finisher Diets

Sorghum grain (SG) contained more crude protein (103.5 g/kg) and ash (17.0 g/kg) but less crude fiber (17.7 g/kg) and total lipid (22.6 g/kg) than corn. The SG contained 0.37% ± 0.02 tannin, had a higher apparent metabolizable energy value than corn or wheat and contained all of the amino acids considered essential for chickens at levels in general between those of corn and wheat. Two experiments were carried out to ascertain the nutritive value of SG as a partial replacement for corn and wheat in practical poultry diets using 320 male and 320 female Cobb chicks in each. Starter (finisher) diets fed from 0–21 days (22–42 days) contained the following levels of SG: 15 (19); 30 (39); 45 (58)%. The diets were isoenergic and isonitrogenous. The inclusion of up to 45% SG in the starter diet and up to 58% in the finisher diet had no significant effect on mortality, live body weight, feed conversion or percentage of grade A carcasses. Key words: Broiler chickens, sorghum grain, milo, diets

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Phytate-phosphorus and phytase contents on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance of broilers

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150892 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 1858-1864

Author(s):

Aiane Aparecida da Silva Catalan ◽

Everton Luis Krabbe ◽

Valdir Silveira de Avila ◽

Letícia dos Santos Lopes ◽

Ana Paula Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Block Design ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Average Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Phytate Phosphorus ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Random Block ◽

And Performance ◽

Intestinal Morphometry

ABSTRACT: In order to evaluate the efficiency of phytase in diets with low and high phytate phosphorus (PP) 0content, as a consequence of wheat bran inclusion, on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance, three hundred and eighty-four male Cobb500 broilers were housed in metabolic cages. Animals were assigned into four treatments in a 2x2 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with eight replicates of 12 birds each. From 11 days of age birds received experimental diets, which consisted of: Diet low in PP; Diet low in PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1); Diet with a high PP and Diet with a high PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1). At 22 and 32 days of age two birds were slaughtered in order to collect gizzard, heart, liver, cecum, cloacal bursa, and at 32 days, a portion of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was collected for morphometric evaluation. From 22 to 32 days of age average feed intake, average weight gain, average body weight and feed conversion ratio were also evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, fixed effects of diet and phytase and interaction between factors as well as the random block effects were tested. There was no significant interaction for the variables studied, concluding that phytase in diets with low or high phytate phosphorus content did not change the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometrics and performance; only isolated effects were observed.

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Comparative feeding value of expeller-processed undecorticated and decorticated cottonseed cakes for growing chicks

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600059906 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 531-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. K. Sharma ◽

G. N. Lodhi ◽

J. S. Ichhponani

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Free Gossypol ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Protein Utilization ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Finisher Diets ◽

Effect On Growth

SummaryExperiments were made to evaluate the feeding value of undecorticated (UCS) and decorticated (DCS) cottonseed cakes and defatted DCS for egg-type starter, broiler starter and finisher diets for chicks. The results showed that UCS on average contained 22% crude protein, 0·06% free- and 0·33% bound-gossypol and 4·9% available carbohydrate. The corresponding values for DCS were 38, 0·04, 0·63 and 9·5%, respectively. Average metabolizable energy (ME) content of UCS, DCS and defatted DCS was 7·94, 11·77 and 9·42 MJ/kg, respectively. Apparent protein digestibilities of UCS, DCS and defatted DCS were 42, 47 and 36%, respectively. Although UCS had no effect on growth rate of egg-type and meat-type chicks when fed as 15% of the diet, feed conversion was adversely affected. Feeding DCS to broiler starter and finisher chicks as 30% of the diet, replacing groundnut cake (GN) had no effect on growth rate and efficiency of protein utilization but feed conversion was affected. The chicks of either breed were able to tolerate 0·02% free-gossypol of the diet derived from UCS or DCS without any adverse effect on growth rate and internal organs.

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The health and performance of cows fed large amounts of urea

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900016794 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Royce J. Treacher ◽

Anthony J. Stark ◽

Keith A. Collis

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Ammonia Toxicity ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

And Performance ◽

Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽

Degradable Protein

SUMMARYFrom 6 weeks before calving to the end of lactation 2 groups of 8 cows were fed a ration incorporating a dairy nut containing 29 g/kg urea or an isocaloric isonitrogenous nut containing fish-meal and groundnut. During the 18 weeks after calving, concentrates were fed to appetite. 305-d yields of milk (7023 and 5796 kg) and lactose (345.7 and 273.4 kg) were significantly lower in the urea-fed cows (P< 0·05). Intakes of dry matter, metabolizable energy and digestible crude protein were similar in both groups until 18 weeks after calving when feeding according to yield commenced, but by 6 weeks after calving the urea-fed cows lost only 5% of their immediate post-calving weight compared with 7% in the controls. There was no evidence of ammonia toxicity in the urea-fed cows. Blood glucose concentrations were similar in both groups, but higher serum urea concentrations in the urea-fed cows suggested that there was poor utilization of ingested N. A model proposed by Royet al.(1977) has been used to calculate the requirements of rumen-degradable protein and undegraded protein (UDP) of the 2 groups from their energy intakes and milk yields. Between 4 and 11 weeks post-calving, dietary requirement for UDP closely matched intake of UDP. It is concluded that UDP intake was a major factor in determining the peak milk yield. Mechanisms by which the degradability of the dietary protein might influence milk yield are discussed.

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Highly effective dietary inclusion of laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves on productive traits of broiler chickens

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.52198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e52198

Author(s):

Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali ◽

Mohammed Baqur Sahib Al-Shuhaib

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Laurus Nobilis ◽

Live Body Weight ◽

Productive Traits ◽

And Performance ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Laurel leaves characterized with interesting antioxidant effects, which have often used to improve the immunity with positive consequences on growth and performance This study was conducted to assess the effect of adding crushed laurel leaves to the diet on the productive traits of broiler chickens. A total of 180 broiler chickens, were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with a rate of 45 birds per treatment; each treatment consisted of three replicates. The first treatment, or control, was generated without adding laurel leaves to the diet, second, third, and fourth treatments were generated by adding laurel leaves with amounts of 1, 2, and 3 g kg-1 feed, respectively. Nine productive traits were evaluated in this study, including the average of live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, percentage of mortality, productive index, length of the villus, depth of crypts, and villus length/crypts length ratio. Results indicated that the addition of laurel leaves led to a significant improvement in all productive traits, signifying highly essential participation of laurel leaves to enhance growth and performance. In conclusion, it can be stated that adding 3 g kg-1 of crushed laurel leaves to the diet can improve the productive traits of broiler chickens.

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