scholarly journals ​Harmful Effect of the Invasive Weed Mikania micrantha with Special Reference to India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiqur Rahman Bora ◽  
Dasi Sunil Babu ◽  
Sontara Kalita ◽  
Sita Chetry
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plantation Crops

Mikania micrantha is an economically damaging invasive weed, which is widely naturalized in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This weed has reported yield losses in various cash crops and plantation crops in South East Asia including India. M. micrantha was found to change the soil microbial communities (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) as well as the soil chemical properties. It enhances a significant increase in aerobic bacteria but decreases in anaerobic bacteria due to which infested soil were free from other weeds. Similarly, in soil chemical characteristics significant increases in pH, total N and P were observed and a decrease in soil organic matter where M. micrantha is prevalent. It has allelopathic properties which affect neighbouring crops, weeds, insects and pathogens. This weed produces allelochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes) that may be released by volatilization and decomposition of plant debris. It was also found that the aqueous leaf extract of invasive weed M. micrantha inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of various cereals, vegetables, and other plants. A similar result was found in test crops but there was no affected case found in the greenhouse experiment. This review will help the researchers and scientists in understanding the harmful effect of this invasive weed.

scholarly journals Spatial heterogeneity of belowground microbial communities linked to peatland microhabitats with different plant dominants

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alica Chroňáková ◽  
Jiří Bárta ◽  
Eva Kaštovská ◽  
Zuzana Urbanová ◽  
Tomáš Picek
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Total N ◽  
Methane Cycling ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT Peatland vegetation is composed mostly of mosses, graminoids and ericoid shrubs, and these have a distinct impact on peat biogeochemistry. We studied variation in soil microbial communities related to natural peatland microhabitats dominated by Sphagnum, cotton-grass and blueberry. We hypothesized that such microhabitats will be occupied by structurally and functionally different microbial communities, which will vary further during the vegetation season due to changes in temperature and photosynthetic activity of plant dominants. This was addressed using amplicon-based sequencing of prokaryotic and fungal rDNA and qPCR with respect to methane-cycling communities. Fungal communities were highly microhabitat-specific, while prokaryotic communities were additionally directed by soil pH and total N content. Seasonal alternations in microbial community composition were less important; however, they influenced the abundance of methane-cycling communities. Cotton-grass and blueberry bacterial communities contained relatively more α-Proteobacteria but less Chloroflexi, Fibrobacteres, Firmicutes, NC10, OD1 and Spirochaetes than in Sphagnum. Methanogens, syntrophic and anaerobic bacteria (i.e. Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, Opitutae, Chloroflexi and Syntrophorhabdaceae) were suppressed in blueberry indicating greater aeration that enhanced abundance of fungi (mainly Archaeorhizomycetes) and resulted in the highest fungi-to-bacteria ratio. Thus, microhabitats dominated by different vascular plants are inhabited by unique microbial communities, contributing greatly to spatial functional diversity within peatlands.

scholarly journals   Effects of tillage and residue management on soil microbial communities in North China

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Wang ◽  
X.Y. Li ◽  
A.N. Zhu ◽  
X.K. Zhang ◽  
H.W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
North China ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial

The impacts of tillage system (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and residue management (0, 50, and 100%) on soil properties and soil microbial community structure were determined in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, North China. The microbial community structure was investigated by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results showed that tillage had significant effects on soil properties and soil microbial communities. In no-tillage (NT), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total N, microbial biomass carbon/soil organic carbon (MBC/SOC), total microbes, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi increased, while actinomycetes, G<sup>+</sup>/G<sup>&ndash;</sup> bacteria ratio and monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (MUFA/STFA) decreased, compared with those in conventional tillage (CT). Residue had a significant positive effect on C/N ratio and MUFA/STFA. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that tillage explained 76.1%, and residue management explained 0.6% of the variations in soil microbial communities, respectively. Soil microbial communities were significantly correlated with MBC, total N, C/N ratio and MBC/SOC. Among the six treatments, NT with 100% residue application obviously improved soil microbiological properties, and could be a proper management practice in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. &nbsp;

The invasive potential of a hybrid species: insights from soil chemical properties and soil microbial communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Feng Sun ◽  
Yuyi Ou ◽  
Qiaojing Ou ◽  
Lingda Zeng ◽  
Hanxia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Aims Natural hybridization between invasive and native species, as a form of adaptive evolution, threatens biodiversity worldwide. However, the potential invasive mechanisms of hybrids remain essentially unexplored, especially insights from soil chemical properties and soil microbial communities. Methods In a field experiment, soil microbial community, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, enzyme activities, and light-saturated photosynthetic rate were measured in invasive Sphagneticola trilobata and its hybrid with native Sphagneticola calendulacea in 2 years. Important Findings In general, soil dissolved organic carbon and the biomass of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were significantly higher under the hybrid treatment than S. trilobata and S. calendulacea. However, there were no significant differences in acid phosphatase, total PLFAs, bacterial PLFAs, fungi PLFAs, cellulase, and urase in these treatments. The hybrids had significantly higher light-saturated photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic nitrogen-, phosphorus-, potassium- use efficiencies than the invasive S. trilobata, but no significant difference with S. calendulacea. The total biomass and root biomass of hybrids were higher than S. calendulacea. Our results indicate that the hybrids species have a higher invasive potential than S. calendulacea, which may aggravate the local extinction of S. calendulacea in the future.

scholarly journals Biogeographic Changes in Forest Soil Microbial Communities of Offshore Islands—A Case Study of Remote Islands in Taiwan

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ed-Haun Chang ◽  
Isheng Jason Tsai ◽  
Shih-Hao Jien ◽  
Guanglong Tian ◽  
Chih-Yu Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Microbial

Biogeographic separation has been an important cause of faunal and floral distribution; however, little is known about the differences in soil microbial communities across islands. In this study, we determined the structure of soil microbial communities by analyzing phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and comparing enzymatic activities as well as soil physio-chemical properties across five subtropical granite-derived and two tropical volcanic (andesite-derived) islands in Taiwan. Among these islands, soil organic matter, pH, urease, and PLFA biomass were higher in the tropical andesite-derived than subtropical granite-derived islands. Principal component analysis of PLFAs separated these islands into three groups. The activities of soil enzymes such as phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and β-glucosaminidase were positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen. Redundancy analysis of microbial communities and environmental factors showed that soil parent materials and the climatic difference are critical factors affecting soil organic matter and pH, and consequently the microbial community structure.

scholarly journals Contrasting effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on the biomass of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in subtropical China

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 4815-4827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yu Zhang ◽  
Hong-Tao Zou ◽  
Liang Kou ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The nitrate to ammonium ratios in nitrogen (N) compounds in wet atmospheric deposits have increased over the recent past, which is a cause for some concern as the individual effects of nitrate and ammonium deposition on the biomass of different soil microbial communities and enzyme activities are still poorly defined. We established a field experiment and applied ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) at monthly intervals over a period of 4 years. We collected soil samples from the ammonium and nitrate treatments and control plots in three different seasons, namely spring, summer, and fall, to evaluate the how the biomass of different soil microbial communities and enzyme activities responded to the ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) applications. Our results showed that the total contents of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) decreased by 24 and 11 % in the ammonium and nitrate treatments, respectively. The inhibitory effects of ammonium on Gram-positive bacteria (G+) and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA contents ranged from 14 to 40 % across the three seasons. We also observed that the absolute activities of C, N, and P hydrolyses and oxidases were inhibited by ammonium and nitrate, but that nitrate had stronger inhibitory effects on the activities of acid phosphatase (AP) than ammonium. The activities of N-acquisition specific enzymes (enzyme activities normalized by total PLFA contents) were about 21 and 43 % lower in the ammonium and nitrate treatments than in the control, respectively. However, the activities of P-acquisition specific enzymes were about 19 % higher in the ammonium treatment than in the control. Using redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that the measured C, N, and P hydrolysis and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were positively correlated with the soil pH and ammonium contents, but were negatively correlated with the nitrate contents. The PLFA biomarker contents were positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total N contents, but were negatively correlated with the ammonium contents. The soil enzyme activities varied seasonally, and were highest in March and lowest in October. In contrast, the contents of the microbial PLFA biomarkers were higher in October than in March and June. Ammonium may inhibit the contents of PLFA biomarkers more strongly than nitrate because of acidification. This study has provided useful information about the effects of ammonium and nitrate on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and phosphorus losses by surface runoff and soil microbial communities in a paddy field with different irrigation and fertilization managements

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254227
Author(s):  
Limin Wang ◽  
Dongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N

Rice cultivation usually involves high water and fertilizer application rates leading to the nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Here, a 10-year field experiment was conducted to investigate N and P losses and their impact factors under different irrigation and fertilization regimes. Results indicated that T2 (Chemical fertilizer of 240 kg N ha−1, 52 kg P ha−1, and 198 kg K ha−1 combined with shallow intermittent irrigation) decreased N loss by 48.9% compared with T1 (Chemical fertilizer of 273 kg N ha−1, 59 kg P ha−1, and 112 kg K ha−1 combined with traditional flooding irrigation). The loss ratio (total N loss loading/amount of applied N) of N was 9.24–15.90%, whereas that of P was 1.13–1.31% in all treatments. Nitrate N (NO3-−N) loss was the major proportion accounting for 88.30–90.65% of dissolved inorganic N loss through surface runoff. Moreover, the N runoff loss was mainly due to high fertilizer input, soil NO3-−N, and ammonium N (NH4+−N) contents. In addition, the N loss was accelerated by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Planotomycetes, Nitrospirae, Firmicutes bacteria and Ascomycota fungi, but decreased by Chytridiomycota fungi whose contribution to the N transformation process. Furthermore, T2 increased agronomic N use efficiency (AEN) and rice yield by 32.81% and 7.36%, respectively, in comparison with T1. These findings demonstrated that T2 might be an effective approach to ameliorate soil chemical properties, regulate microbial community structure, increase AEN and consequently reduce N losses as well as maintaining rice yields in the present study.

scholarly journals Standing Vegetation Exceeds Soil Microbial Communities in Soil Type Indication: A Procrustes Test of Four Salt-Affected Pastures

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Péter Csontos ◽  
Márton Mucsi ◽  
Péter Ragályi ◽  
Júlia Tamás ◽  
Tibor Kalapos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Soil Microbial

Organisms with different life histories are able to act as indicators of different characteristics of their environment. Here, we compared the precision of habitat indication by the vegetation and soil microbial communities in four salt-affected pastures: annual open salt sward, Pannonic Puccinellia limosa hollow, Artemisia saline puszta and grassy saline puszta. Dissimilarity of habitats was evaluated by standardized principal component analysis (PCA) based on four different datasets: catabolic profiles of microbial communities in June (a) and September (b), composition of vascular vegetation (c) and physical and chemical properties of the soil (d). Procrustes analysis was used to quantify the resemblance between pairs of PCA ordinations based on soil properties (d) and various biotic communities (a, b, c). PCA ordination based on vegetation most closely matched the soil data-based ordination, thus vegetation appears to better indicate habitat conditions than soil microbial communities do. For microbial communities, a better agreement with the soil data-based ordination was reached in September than in June. Most probably, the long-lived sedentary habit of perennial plants in these communities requires adaptation to long-term average habitat conditions. In contrast, short-lived soil microbes can quickly follow environmental changes, thus the composition of soil microbial communities better reflect actual soil conditions.

scholarly journals Artificial Plantation Responses to Periodic Submergence in Massive Dam and Reservoir Riparian Zones: Changes in Soil Properties and Bacterial Community Characteristics

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Lijuan Li ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Dongdong Ding ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Late Emergence

Plant and microbiome interactions are necessary for plant nutrient acquisition. However, relatively little is known about the responses of roots, bulk, and rhizosphere soil microbial communities in different artificial vegetation types (woody and herbaceous) in riparian areas of massive dams and reservoirs. Therefore, this study aims to assess such responses at elevations of 165–170 m a.s.l. in the riparian zones of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir, China. The samples were collected containing the rhizosphere soil, bulk soil, and roots of herbaceous and woody vegetation at different emergence stages in 2018. Then, all the samples were analyzed to quantify the soil properties, bacterial community characteristics, and their interaction in the early and late emergence phases. In different periods, the weight of dominant soil bacteria, including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Cyanobacteria, was higher, and their composition was different in the rhizosphere, bulk soil, and endophytes. Moreover, the soil co-occurrence networks indicated that the weight of soil physical properties was higher than chemical properties in the early emergence stage. In contrast, the weight of chemical properties was relatively higher in the late emergence stage. Furthermore, the richness and diversity of the bacterial community were mainly affected by soil organic matter. This study suggests that these herbaceous and woody vegetation are suitable for planting in reservoir areas affected by hydrology and human disturbance in light of soil nutrients and soil microbial communities, respectively. Additionally, these results provide valuable information to inoculate the soil with key microbiota members by applying fertilizers, potentially improving plant health and soil production.

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