scholarly journals Cholesterol Oxidation Products (COPs) in Ruminant Meat: A Biological and Pathological Approach: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafid Nadia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Brain

Reproductive performance of quail hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) at sexual maturity was evaluated following two feeding restriction programs (100%, 90% and 80% of ad libitum) and energy metabolism (EM) of ration: 2900 Kcal/kg and 2800 Kcal/kg) between 2 weeks and 5 weeks of age with five replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. Body weight and feed conversion were measured weekly during feed restriction. After experimental feeding treatment, age at first egg, BW, egg weight, development of reproductive organ on sexual maturity were evaluated of one hen’s quail per treatment. The results of the experiment indicated that the restricted feeding until 80% of ad libitum was consequently (p less than 0.01) delayed sexual maturity and influence the development of the reproductive organ. However, it did not show significant influence on the body weight of the first-laid egg and initial egg production. Restricted feeding at 90% of ad libitum and EM ration 2900 Kcal/kg showed the best results for quail feed management during growthNutrition is a basic human need and a prerequisite to a healthy life. Since it is bonded with food, it is essential to advocate nutrition in terms of food. A proper diet is important from the very early stages (gestation period) of life for proper growth and development. Neuronutrition portrays how food affects the brain and its function. Brain is where the performances begin and end. It monitors and controls all the energy metabolism of the body and it never stops working. Neuronutrition is the nutrition needed to achieve healthy brain and good neurocognitive function. Dietary manipulations are a viable strategy for enhancing cognitive abilities and protecting the brain from damage. No single food is key to good brain health but rather a combination of food. Neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mental fatigue, and memory problems are prevalent across the world, and this opens the door to provide tailormade products which cater to consumer's desire for better neuronutrition.

scholarly journals Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) Fed with Feed Restriction Regimes during Growth Period

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Hertamawati ◽  
Suyadi . ◽  
E Soedjarwo ◽  
O Sjofjan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Reproductive performance of quail hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) at sexual maturity was evaluated following two feeding restriction programs (100%, 90% and 80% of ad libitum) and energy metabolism (EM) of ration: 2900 Kcal/kg and 2800 Kcal/kg) between 2 weeks and 5 weeks of age with five replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. Body weight and feed conversion were measured weekly during feed restriction. After experimental feeding treatment, age at first egg, BW, egg weight, development of reproductive organ on sexual maturity were evaluated of one hen’s quail per treatment. The results of the experiment indicated that the restricted feeding until 80% of ad libitum was consequently (p 0.01) delayed sexual maturity and influence the development of the reproductive organ. However, it did not show significant influence on the body weight of the first-laid egg and initial egg production. Restricted feeding at 90% of ad libitum and EM ration 2900 Kcal/kg showed the best results for quail feed management during growth.

Influence of feeding intensity on the growth, body composition and sexual maturity of male New Zealand White rabbits

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Fodor ◽  
L. Zöldág ◽  
S. Gy. Fekete ◽  
A. Bersényi ◽  
A. Gáspárdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Average Body

An experiment was carried out with young male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits to establish live body weight changes, body measurements, body composition and sexual maturity as a function of feeding intensity. Animals in Group 1 ('AL', n = 10) were fed ad libitum, while those in Group 2 ('RS', n = 10) received restricted feeding corresponding to 70% of the ad libitum level. The starting liveweights were practically the same (0.907 ± 0.146 and 0.911 ± 0.147 kg in Group AL and Group RS, respectively). The feeding trial lasted from 6 to 22 weeks of age. The average body weight was significantly higher in Group AL from 7 to 22 weeks of age. At 22 weeks of age the body weight of RS rabbits was 85.64% of the weight of AL animals (3.22 ± 0.52 kg and 3.76 ± 0.33 kg, respectively). Average body weights of RS males at 8, 9, 11, 19 and 21 weeks of age were similar to those of ad libitum fed (AL) animals at 7, 8, 10, 15 and 16 weeks of age, respectively. The growth of bucks fed restricted tended to be allometric. The most significant difference was found at 16 and 18 weeks of age, while the lowest difference occurred at 6, 12, 15 and 19 weeks of age. It can be stated that low-intensity feeding up to slaughtering weight causes backwardness in rear cannon length and this backwardness remains also after the 15th week, which is well over the optimal slaughtering age. Based on the present data, the 70% restricted feeding cannot be recommended either for the future breeding bucks or for broiler males reared for slaughter. To determine the major chemical components of the body, rabbits were euthanised. Original dry matter and crude fat content of the body significantly (P < 0.05) decreased under restricted feeding (41.42%; 32.48% and 16.73%; 7.35%) while the percentage of protein within the dry matter increased (49.6%; 65.0%) and fat decreased (40.17%; 22.1%) significantly. Libido unambiguously decreases as a consequence of feed deprivation. The most conspicuous difference was found in the level of blood testosterone. Although a few RS bucks produced semen but only much later than the rabbits fed ad libitum. On the other hand, there was no difference in the motility of spermatozoa and ejaculate volume in comparison with AL animals. There was no relationship between the body fat content and the reproductive status of bucks in the present trial.

scholarly journals Influence of feeding intensity on corporeal development, body composition and sexual maturity in female rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Fodor ◽  
S. Gy. Fekete ◽  
L. Zöldág ◽  
A. Bersényi ◽  
A. Gáspárdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Body

Twenty-six 6-week old female New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups: ad libitum (AL) and 70% restricted (RS) feeding. At the beginning of the experiment the liveweights were practically the same: 0.99 ± 0.08 vs. 1.01 ± 0.08 kg in group AL and RS, respectively. At 18 weeks of age the body weight of Group RS rabbits was 84.7% (3.14 ± 0.24 kg) of the group AL (3.71 ± 0.31 kg). The apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in Group RS than in Group AL (76.5 ± 1.4 vs. 73.0 ± 2.7%). The daily water consumption was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (3.5 ml/g DM intake) in Group RS as compared to Group AL (1.9 ml/g DM). Since the average body weight in Group RS at 18 weeks was the same as that of Group AL at 14 weeks of age (3.14 kg), the comparison of the live body measures and indices was based on these ages. Animals fed ad libitum or restricted show no differences at the defined age in most live body measurements except in heart girth and rump width, which were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter in Group AL than in Group RS (29.3 ± 0.8, 5.7 ± 0.5 and 30.7 ± 1.0, 6.2 ± 0.3 cm, respectively). Body capacity was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller in Group AL, as the head capacity-body capacity proportion was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Group AL than in Group RS (1653.1 ± 134.5, 22.0 ± 2.5 and 1913.7 ± 168.7, 17.7 ± 1.9, respectively). Due to restricted feeding the growth of the head proved to be less intensive than that of the body at the same body weight. The body in these does tended to be wider. Since the head in comparison to length or capacity of the body was smaller in does fed 70% of ad libitum, it could be concluded that the development of body parts of restricted-fed does was unequal (allometric growth). The effect of feed restriction reflected in lower dry matter and fat, and a higher ash and protein content both in total body and in dry matter composition of rabbits at 18 weeks of age. Restricted feeding delayed sexual maturity (69 vs. 92% of rabbits) with later starting ovarian activity, weaker ovarian responsiveness, and a smaller number of tertiary follicles on the ovarian surface.

scholarly journals Study on the Productive and Reproductive Performances of BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 Ducks in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
H Khatun ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
S Faruque ◽  
MSK Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Egg Ratio

A total of 887 ducklings of BLRI-1 duck genotype and 352 ducklings of BLRI-2 duck genotype were studied to measure productive and reproductive performances under intensive management. Data were recorded on body weight, egg production, egg weight, fertility, embryonic mortality, hatchability, feed intake, age at sexual maturity, body weight at maturity and egg weight at maturity. The fertility rate in BLRI-1duck was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of BLRI-2 duck, while hatchability of BLRI-2 duck on fertile eggs were significantly (p<0.05) better compared to BLRI-1 duck. The embryonic mortality was significantly (p<0.01) higher in BLRI-2 duck than BLRI-1 duck. Duckling weight was influenced by egg weight (p<0.05) but difference in duckling: egg ratio was not significant (p>0.05). Hatching weight, 4th week and 12th week of age were significant (p<0.05) influent while the body weight of ducks at 8th week did not differ significantly (p>0.05) for BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 ducks, respectively. The least squares mean for age at sexual maturity were 158 days and 151.75 days, respectively for BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 ducks (p<0.05). BLRI-1 duck started to lay eggs almost one week late compared to BLRI-2 duck. Duck weight at sexual maturity, egg weight at first lay and egg production did not have significant (p>0.05) difference between genotypes. It may be concluded that BLRI-2 duck genotype is superior in terms of hatchability and age at sexual maturity to BLRI-1 duck genotype. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19485 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 10-14

Effects of age at photostimulation on reproductive efficiency and carcass characteristics. 1. Broiler breeder hens

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
T. A. Wautier ◽  
R. T. Hardin ◽  
N. A. Robinson ◽  
J. L. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Treatment Groups

The effect of age at photostimulation on carcass composition at photostimulation and at sexual maturity as well as its effect on subsequent reproductive performance in broiler breeders was investigated. A total of 600 broiler breeder pullets were reared in light-tight facilities. Skip-a-day feeding was used after 2 wk of age to limit body weight to levels suggested by the breeder. Limited daily feeding was initiated at the time of caging (time of photostimulation). The photoperiods used during rearing and lay were 8L:16D and 14L:10D, respectively. Forty birds were selected for study and moved to laying cages and photostimulated at 120, 130, 140, 150 or 160 d of age. Individual egg production records were kept until 60 wk of age. Twenty additional birds were killed for study of carcass composition and reproductive organ, morphology at the time of photostimulation and 20 others were killed at sexual maturity (first oviposition).As age at photostimulation increased, body weight and percent carcass lipid content increased while percent water and ash content decreased. No significant differences were found among treatment groups at photostimulation for carcass protein content. No significant differences were found in any carcass composition parameter at sexual maturity. All groups showed an increase in lipid content from photostimulation to sexual maturity, with the 120 d treatment group showing the largest increase. As age at photostimulation increased, the time from photostimulation to sexual maturity decreased. Total egg production, first egg weight, total egg mass produced, average fertility, hatchability and hatch of fertile did not differ significantly among treatment groups. Chick production was significantly higher in the 140-, 150- and 160-d treatment groups compared with the 120- and 130-d treatment groups. One explanation for the high rate of egg production seen in birds photostimulated at the older ages was that these birds reached sexual maturity with less between-bird variation. To take advantage of this improved flock uniformity, delaying photostimulation to 140 d of age or later is recommended. Key words: Chicken, broiler breeder, sexual maturity, egg production, hatchability, carcass composition

Single crossing between White Leghorn and Australorp

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Morris ◽  
F Skaller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Single Crossing ◽  
White Leghorns

Egg production and related data are presented for 1520 pullets resulting from nine generations of single crossing between White Leghorns and Australorps. Both types of reciprocal crosses were consistently superior to the better of the parental breeds (White Leghorn) in hatchability, chick viability, and egg production. This superiority became still more apparent when pure and crossbred half-sisters were compared. Crossbreeding was not effective in improving the viability of adult birds or the body weight, the latter remaining intermediate between that of the two pure breeds. The number of days required to reach sexual maturity was decreased as a result of crossbreeding. The crossbreds showed less variation in egg production and included in their sample a much smaller percentage of extremely low-producing pullets. A comparison between the two types of crossbreds shoved differences in individual years, but when viewed over the whole period of the experiment the only consistent differences were the superior hatchability and higher fertility, under artificial insemination conditions, when the White Leghorn served as the dam. There were no significant differences in production characters between the two types of crossbreds when housed on deep litter.

Association between microsatellite regions and reproduction related traits in indigenous chicken ecotypes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Rudresh ◽  
H. N.N. Murthy ◽  
A. M. Kotresh ◽  
V. B. Shettar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

The present study was carried out in six indigenous ecotypes of two divisions of Karnataka to assess association of twenty microsatellite regions of thirteen chicken autosomes with age, body weight and egg weight at sexual maturity and Forty week egg production. The general molecular technique protocols were adopted wherever required in PCR, electrophoresis, gel staining and reading. The analysis revealed significant difference (p<0.05) among genotypes combined across ecotypes for nineteen microsatellite loci for body weight at sexual maturity. The analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.05) among genotypes combined across ecotypes for eighteen microsatellite loci for EWSM. The posthoc dunnet's test conducted in one of the microsatellite region ADL0020 genotypes after excluding genotypes with only one bird at 0.05 level of significance revealed that a particular genotype A was significantly different from two of the genotypes C and D, indicating the important role of the corresponding alleles of these genotypes in influencing the Body weight at sexual maturity. The validity of using thus identified markers or alleles need further authentication by research in other populations and further proof by expression studies.

scholarly journals Backyard poultry farming for meat and egg production: rural enterprise

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Dinesh Mahto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Poultry Farming

Twenty farmers selected from each village for 6 villages of the district and skill based training on various aspects of backyard poultry farming. Participants enriched with sound knowledge were distributed with 25 Vanaraja & Grampriya chicks per person. The records of mean body weight of Grampriya and Vanaraja at different week interval. The body weight of crosses differ significantly (p < 0.05) after 4th week of age from their parents. The body weights of crosses were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than Hazra (Desi) birds and nearly similar to Vanaraja birds at different period of age attaining the sexual maturity in different groups of poultry birds. Vanaraja matures at the age of 141.62 days, Hazra (Desi) bird at 186.47 days and Grampriya at 158.32 days. The pullet egg weight of Vanaraja, Hazra (Desi) and Grampriya were 38.75, 30.82 and 34.94 g, egg weight at 40 weeks of age were 55.87, 42.89 and 51.26 g and increase in egg weight were 17.12, 12.07 and 15.42 g respectively. The hatchability percentages were 87.56%, 89.36% and 85.72% on fertile egg set and 68.23%, 68.92% and 64.74% on total egg set basis respectively in Vanaraja, Grampriya and local desi birds.

scholarly journals Respon Produksi Telur Puyuh (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) dengan Pembatasan Pakan secara Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif pada Saat Pertumbuhan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Tri Hertamawati ◽  
Edhy Sudjarwo ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan ◽  
Suyadi Suyadi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

Production responses of laying quails fed with restricted feeding during rearing were measured in four trials. The research was an experimental observation applying Nested Complete Randomized Design. An experiment using 300 fourteen days old quails. The quails maintained under two feeding restriction programs feeding allotted to 2 dietary regimes, qualitative restricted feeding are Metabolize Energy (ME) R1= 2900 kcal/kg; R2 = 2800 kcal/kg and quantitative restricted feeding; P0 = 100% of ad libitum; P1 = 90% of ad libitum and P2 = 80% of ad libitum (n= 300). Each group (n= 50) has five replicates containing 10 birds each. Restricted feeding treatment is done for fourteen days old quail until its sexual maturity. After its sexual maturity, the feeding is given in ad libitum. Observation is conducted for the feed energy and protein consumption, and performance of egg production. The results of experiment indicate that the restricted feeding consequently significant influenced (P<0.01) on the protein and energy feed consumption. Restricted feeding until 90% ad libitum showed similar egg production with ad libitum treatment and decrease in feed conversion at the early production. Metabolize energy of ration does not have a significant effect to egg production with the result that a feed restriction of 90% ad libitum and EM feed of 2900 Kcal / kg can be applied during the starter period.

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