Changes in Teat Morphology (Doka Phenomenon) and Estrus Prediction in Riverine Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Joshi ◽  
T K Mohanty ◽  
A Kumaresan ◽  
M Bhakat ◽  
S Sathapathy
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
North India ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the study was to characterize the term Doka and to capture morphological changes in teat to find out the relationship between Doka and onset of estrus in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The Murrah buffaloes maintained at of Livestock Research Centre (LRC), ICAR-NDRI, Karnal were classified into two groups based on the lactation number for the study of Doka characteristics. In group I, twenty animals up to 3rd lactation were incorporated, whereas thirty animals from 4th to 5th lactation were included in group II. The period when buffaloes showed teat engorgement was called as Doka period, is the local term used by the farmers in North India that can be taken as a visual sign for prediction of estrus. The length and diameter of teats, before and after milking were measured, for both the groups during morning and evening milking and subsequently analyzed. The present study confirmed that the teat diameter (mm) before milking during Doka was significantly (plessthan0.05) higher as compared to pre Doka period in both the groups (group-I - 37.01 ±2.13 vs 28.42 ±1.64, group-II - 53.49 ±2.82 vs 41.096±2.16). The teat diameter (mm) during Doka period after milking was significantly (plessthan0.05) more in both the groups (group-I - 26.65 ±1.26 vs 24.44 ±1.16, group-II - 39.27 ±2.41 vs 35.31 ±2.17) as compared to pre Doka period. So, it can be concluded that the changes in teat diameter can safely be considered as a sign of Doka and the forthcoming heat in Murrah buffaloes. However, the difference in teat length between different stages of Doka was found to be non significant.

scholarly journals Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Alone and Ursodeoxycholic Acid Plus Domperidone on Radiolucent Gallstones and Gallbladder Contractility in Humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyas Tuncer ◽  
Mustafa Harman ◽  
Yasar Colak ◽  
Ismail Arslan ◽  
M. Kursad Turkdogan
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stone Dissolution ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

Background/Aims. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) alone and UDCA plus domperidone on dissolution of solitary or multiple gallstones.Methods. Fifty-three patients with cholesterol gallstones were randomized into three treatment groups: group I () was given UDCA (15 mg/kg/day) alone and group II () was treated with domperidone (30 mg/day) in addition to UDCA. The control group () was followed without a medical treatment. Gallbladder volumes and ejection fractions were measured sonographically in all patients before and after treatment.Results. After 12 months of treatment, stone dissolution was found in 9 (40.9%) of the patients in group I and 7 (38.8%) of the patients in group II. The difference was statistically significant compared to controls in both treatment groups () but the two groups did not show a difference between each other (). All the patients that achieved dissolution had multiple gallstones except for one patient with a solitary stone in group I. Neither monotherapy of UDCA nor the combination with domperidone affected the ejection fraction of gallbladder.Conclusions. Combination with domperidone did not potentiate the efficacy of UDCA. It has been observed that both UDCA alone and UDCA plus domperidone treatment did not affect ejection fraction of gallbladder.

scholarly journals Efektivitas pasta gigi herbal dan non-herbal terhadap penurunan plak gigi anak usia 12-14 tahun

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febrian S. Putra ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
. Juliatri
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plaque Growth ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract: Plaque, an organic deposit, is one of the indicators of oral hygiene. Plaque growth can be controlled by tooth brushing. Herbal content in toothpaste is expected to inhibit plaque growth due to its ability to inhibit microbial growth. This study was aimed to determine the difference in effectiveness between herbal and non-herbal toothpaste in decreasing plaque index. This was a true experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design. There were 30 respondents obtained by using total sampling method. Respondents were divided into two groups, each of 15 respondents. Group I used herbal toothpaste group meanwhile group II used non-herbal toothpaste. Plaque index was measured by using Loe and Sillnes plaque index. Paired t-test was used to find the difference in plaque index before and after teeth brushing with herbal and non-herbal toothpastes. The results showed that the decrease of plaque index in group I was 76.9% and in group II was 49.3%. Conclusion: Herbal toothpaste had better effect in decreasing plaque than non-herbal toothpaste.Keywords: herbal toothpaste, non-herbal toothpaste, tooth plaque index Abstrak: Plak merupakan deposit organik yang menjadi salah satu indikator kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Penumpukan plak dapat dikendalikan dengan cara menyikat gigi. Kandungan herbal pada pasta gigi diharapkan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan plak karena berkaitan dengan kemampuan bahan herbal dalam menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pasta gigi herbal dengan non-herbal terhadap penurunan indeks plak. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan pretest-postest group design. Sampel berjumlah 30 responden diperoleh dengan metode total sampling dan dibagi dalam 2 kelompok, yakni 15 responden kelompok pertama menggunakan pasta gigi herbal dan 15responden kelompok kedua menggunakan pasta gigi non herbal. Indeks plak diukur berdasarkan indeks plak Loe and Silness. Uji t berpasangan digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan indeks plak gigi sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan indeks plak pada penggunaan pasta gigi herbal sebesar 76,9% dan pada penggunaan pasta gigi non-herbal 49,3%. Simpulan: Penurunan indeks plak pada penggunaan pasta gigi herbal lebih besar dibandingkan penggunaan pasta gigi non-herbal.Kata kunci: pasta gigi herbal, pasta gigi non herbal, indeks plak gigi

scholarly journals Nanolaser in Cataract Surgery and its influence on the Corneal Endothelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Tomáš Juhás ◽  
Tomáš Juhás ml.
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Group I ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of a new nanolaser photofragmentation technique of cataract surgery with ultrasound phacoemulsification. Method: A cohort of 20 patients underwent ultrasound phacoemulsification in one eye (group I) and nanosecond laser fragmentation in the other eye (group II). All cataracts were classified as stage 3 of cataract progression, i.e. nuclear opalescence (NO) was NO2-NO3 according to the used Lens Opacities Classification System III. We observed uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA expressed in decimal units) before and after surgery, as well as corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), the percentage of hexagonal cells and the pleomorphism index (PI) and corneal thickness (CT) before surgery and 7 days after surgery. Results: In all 40 eyes the course of surgery was uncomplicated. BCVA was 0.70 ± 0.10 in group I before surgery, in group II 0.68 ± 0.10, and 7 days after surgery in group I 0.98 ± 0.05 and in group II 0.98 ± 0.04 (p-NS). Average ECD (cells/mm2) before surgery in group I was 2508 ± 205.54 bb/mm2 and in group II 2472.5 ± 287.78 bb/mm2. After surgery in group I this was 2024.92 ± 271.50 bb/mm2 and in group II 2138.50 ± 390.85 bb/mm2. The differences in the loss of endothelial cells between both groups were statistically insignificant. In a comparison of the difference of both groups upon average incidence of hexagonal cells before and after surgery, the differences were statistically insignificant, as they were upon a comparison of the differences of corneal thickness. In all the observed parameters we therefore did not record any statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Nanolaser lens photofragmentation and ultrasound phacoemulsification can be considered of equal value from the perspective of a comparison of both methods on perioperative influence on the corneal epithelium.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

Endothelin effects in isolated, perfused lamb lungs: role of cyclooxygenase inhibition and vasomotor tone

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H443-H450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toga ◽  
J. Usha Raj ◽  
R. Hillyard ◽  
B. Ku ◽  
J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Arteries And Veins

We have determined the sites of action of endothelin-1 (ET) in the lamb pulmonary circulation. The influence of cyclooxygenase inhibition and baseline vasomotor tone on ET effects was also studied. Lungs of 14 lambs (6-9 wk of age, 12.1 +/- 0.6 kg body wt) were isolated and perfused with blood. Group I lungs (n = 5) were untreated, group II lungs (n = 5) were treated with indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase, and group III lungs (n = 4) were treated with indomethacin and a thromboxane A2 analogue, U-46619, to elevate vasomotor tone. All lungs were perfused with constant flow in zone 3, with left atrial and airway pressures being 8 and 6 cmH2O, respectively. We measured pulmonary arterial pressure and, by the micropuncture servo-null method, pressures in 20- to 50-microns diameter subpleural venules, both before and after each dose of ET was infused (50, 100, 250, and 500 ng/kg). Group I lungs, with high baseline vasomotor tone, exhibited a biphasic response to ET; 50-100 ng/kg of ET dilated both arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET constricted both arteries and veins. In group II lungs with low vasomotor tone, all doses of ET caused constriction of arteries only. In group III lungs (indomethacin treated with elevated vasomotor tone), 50-100 ng/kg of ET caused dilation of arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET induced constriction, this time only in arteries. We conclude that ET has both dilator and constrictor effects in arteries and veins of isolated, perfused lamb lungs. ET-induced arterial and venous dilation is dependent on initial vasomotor tone but not on cyclooxygenase metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of Virtual Reality‐Based Rehabilitation on Physical Fitness in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rutkowski ◽  
Anna Rutkowska ◽  
Dariusz Jastrzębski ◽  
Henryk Racheniuk ◽  
Witold Pawełczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using the Kinect system during stationary rehabilitation. The study included 68 patients with COPD (35 men, 33 women, mean age 61.3 ± 3.7). The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups described below. Group I included 34 patients – non‐participants in Kinect training. Group II included 34 patients – participants in Kinect training. In all patients before and after rehabilitation physical fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). The Xbox 360 and Kinect motion sensor were used to carry out virtual reality training. In group I, statistically significant improvements in SFT performance were observed. Patients in group II also showed statistically significant improvement in physical fitness in all attempts of the SFT. Virtual rehabilitation training in patients with COPD seems to be a practical and beneficial intervention capable of enhancing mobility and physical fitness.

scholarly journals Binocular responses and vertical strabismus

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Risovic ◽  
Lidija Petrovic ◽  
Natalija Kosanovic-Jakovic ◽  
Katarina Misailovic ◽  
Branislav Stankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Inferior Oblique Muscle ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sensory Tests ◽  
Dissociated Vertical Deviation

Background/Aim. Elevation in adduction is the most common pattern of vertical strabismus, and it is mostly treated with surgery. The results of weaking of inferior oblique muscle are very changeable. The aim of this study was to evaluate binocular vision using sensory tests before and one and six months after the surgery. Methods. A total of 79 children were divided in two groups: the first, with inferior oblique muscle of overaction (n = 52), and the second with dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and primary inferior oblique muscle overaction (n = 27). We tested them by polaroid mirror test (PMT), Worth test at distance and near, fusion amplitudes on sinoptofore, Lang I stereo test and Wirt-Titmus stereo test. We examined our patients before and two times after the surgery for vertical strabismus. Results. Foveal suppression in the group I was found in 60.5% of the patients before, and in 56.4% after the surgery. In group II Foveal suppression was detected in 64.7% of the patients before, but in 55.6% 6 months after the surgery with PMT. Worth test revealed suppression in 23.5% of the patients before, and in 40.7% after the vertical muscle surgery. Parafoveal fussion persisted in about 1/3 of the patients before the surgery, and their amplitudes were a little larger after the surgery in the group I patients. Lang I stereo test was negative in 53.9% before and 51.9% after the surgery in the group I, and in 48.2% of the patients before and after the surgery in the group II patients. Wirt-Titmus stereo test was negative in 74.5% of the patients before and in 72.9% after the surgery in the group I, but in the group II it was negative in 70.8% before and in 68.0% of the patients 6 months after the surgery. Conclusion. Binocular responses were found after surgery in 65.7% of the patients the group I and in 55.6% patients the group II. There was no significant difference between these two groups, but binocular responses were more often in the patients of the group I.

scholarly journals Aminoglycoside trough levels in neonates

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Pejovic ◽  
Milica Rankovic-Janevski ◽  
Niveska Bozinovic-Prekajski
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Trough Level ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trough Levels

Introduction. Drug safety depends on trough levels. Objective. Objective of the study was to measure gentamicin and amikacin trough levels in neonates and to identify risk groups by gestational and postnatal age. Methods. Gentamicin and amikacin were applied according to the clinical practice guidelines. Trough levels (mg/l) were deter- mined using fluorescence polarization immunoassay methodology. Target trough levels were <2 mg/l for gentamicin, and <10 mg/l for amikacin. Patients were divided in 3 groups by gestational age: I ?32, II 33-36, and III ?37 gestational weeks and, by postnatal age, in 2 groups: ?7 and >7 days. Results. Out of 163 neonates, 111 were receiving gentamicin and 52 amikacin. Mean amikacin trough level was 7.8?4.8 mg/l and, in group I 10.5?4.9 mg/l, which was above the target range and significantly higher than in group II (LSD, p<0.05). In the amikacin group, 26 patients were 7 and less, and 26 more than 7 days old, without significant differences in trough levels between the groups. In the gentamicin group, 52.3% of neonates had trough values within the target range. Gentamicin trough level in group I was above the trough range, 3.7?1.8, 2.3?1.5 in group II and, 1.8?1.4 mg/l in group III. The difference in trough levels among the groups was highly significant (F=9.015, p<0.001, ?2=17. 576, p<0.001). Further analysis revealed that differences between groups I and II (LSD, p=0.002) and between I and III (LSD, p=0.000) were highly significant. Conclusion. Obtained gentamicin and amikacin trough levels are high. Inverse correlation has been confirmed between trough level and gestational age, with highly significant difference, and the risk group has been identified. There is obviously a need to change the dosing regimen in terms of those with extended intervals, particularly for neonates of the lowest gestational age, along with pharmacokinetic measurements.

scholarly journals The relationship of the prolonged PR interval with the long-term survival in patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
A. M. Soldatova ◽  
V. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
T. P. Gizatulina ◽  
L. M. Malishevsky ◽  
S. M. Dyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. To assess the relationship between the prolonged PR interval (≥200 ms) and the long-term survival of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Material and methods. A total of 85 patients (mean age — 55,1Ѓ}9,9 years; men — 81,2%) with NYHA class II-IV heart failure (HF) were examined. The mean follow-up was 34,0Ѓ}21,2 months. Patients with PR<200 ms (n=52) made up group I, with PR≥200 ms (n=33) — group II. Then the patients were divided into subgroups depending on the QRS duration: ≥150 ms (n=33 in group I and n=14 in group II, respectively) <150 ms (n=19 in group I and n=19 in group II, respectively).Results. In patients of group II, a history of myocardial infarction (MI) was more often registered (p=0,005), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower (p=0,032). In a multivariate analysis, MI (OR 3,217; CI 95% 1,188-8,712; p=0,022) and LVEF value (OR 0,869; CI 95% 0,780-0,968; p=0,011) had a significant relationship with the PR interval prolongation (≥200 ms). The survival of patients of group I was 59,6%, group II — 18,2% (Log-rank test p<0,001). According to Cox regression model, the initial left ventricle end-systolic volume (OR 1,012; 95% CI 1,006-1,017; p<0,001), inferior wall MI (OR 1,690; 95% CI 1,131-2,527; p=0,011) and PR interval ≥200 ms (OR 2,179; 95% CI 1,213–3,915; p=0,009) were associated with long-term mortality. In patients with PR≥200 ms, survival rate was low, regardless of the QRS duration (21,4% in patients with QRS≥150 ms, 15,8% in patients with QRS<150 ms; Log-rank test p=0,698) In patients with PR<200 ms, the survival rate of patients with QRS≥150 ms was 72,7%, and for patients with QRS<150 ms — 36,8% (Log-rank test p=0,031).Conclusion. In HF patients, PR interval prolongation (≥200 ms) is associated with long-term mortality increase. The highest survival rates were observed in patients with PR<200 ms and QRS≥150 ms. In patients with QRS≥150 ms, the presence of PR≥200 ms should be considered as an additional criterion for CRT.

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