Effects of Clomiphene Citrate (CC) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) on hormonal profile, serum biochemical constituents, and oxidative stress in pre-pubertal Sahiwal heifers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujait Ali ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Saqib Umar ◽  
Muhammad Akhtar ◽  
Zahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Clomiphene citrate(an anti-estrogen) has the abilities for the secretion of gondaotropin from the anterior pituitary gland. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of CC and hCG on female sex hormones (FSH, Estrogen) and serum biochemical constituents in pre-pubertal Sahiwal heifers. The twelve animals were randomly divided into a) treatment and b) control groups. These animals were grouped on the basis of reproductive status of heifers. The animals in treatment group were fed clomiphene citrate with dose of 300mg/ animal for 9 days.  On 10thday of experiment, hCG (IVF-C 5000 iu (hCG) LG Life Sciences, Korea) was injected I/V to both groups. For the serum biochemical constituent’s evaluation and oxidative stress (MDA), blood on day 0, 14 and 28 was collected. Similarly, for hormones evaluation three blood samples per week (on alternate days) for 9 days were collected. The concentrations of both hormones were assessed by ELISA. For the comparison of variables, student t-test was applied. Analysis of data revealed that levels of hormones were higher in treated animals as compared to control. There was significant (p less than 0.05) increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides total protein and sugar.But there was nonsignificant(p> 0.05) effect on liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and MDA. It was concluded that use of CC and hCG increase the FSH and estrogen and few alterations in serum biochemical constituents in the pre-pubertal Sahiwal heifers.

scholarly journals The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathology of osteoarthritis: Novel candidate biomarkers for quantification of degenerative changes in the knee joint

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Franz ◽  
Laura Joseph ◽  
Constantin Mayer ◽  
Jan-Frieder Harmsen ◽  
Holger Schrumpf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequently diagnosed joint disorder worldwide with increasing prevalence and crucial impact on the quality of life of affected patients through chronic pain, decreasing mobility and invalidity. Although some risk factors, such as age, obesity and previous joint injury are well established, the exact pathogenesis of OA on a cellular and molecular level remains less understood. Today, the role of nitrosative and oxidative stress has not been investigated conclusively in the pathogenesis of OA yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify biological substances for oxidative and nitrosative stress, which mirror the degenerative processes in an osteoarthritic joint. 69 patients suffering from a diagnosed knee pain participated in this study. Based on the orthopedic diagnosis, patients were classified into an osteoarthritis group (OAG, n=24) or in one of two control groups (meniscopathy, CG1, n=11; anterior cruciate ligament rupture, CG2, n=34). Independently from the study protocol, all patients underwent an invasive surgical intervention which was used to collect samples from the synovial membrane, synovial fluid and human serum. Synovial biopsies were analyzed histopathologically for synovitis (Krenn-Score) and immunohistochemically for detection of end products of oxidative (8-isoprostane F2α) and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine) stress. Additionally, the fluid samples were analyzed for 8-isoprostane F2α and 3-nitrotyrosine by competitive ELISA method. The analyzation of inflammation in synovial biopsies revealed a slight synovitis in all three investigated groups. Detectable concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine were reported in all three investigated groups without showing any significant differences between the synovial biopsies, fluid or human serum. In contrast, significant increased concentrations of 8-isoprostane F2α were detected in OAG compared to both control groups. Furthermore, our data showed a significant correlation between the histopathological synovitis and oxidative stress in OAG (r=0.728, P<0.01). There were no significant differences between the concentrations of 8-isoprostane F2α in synovial fluid and human serum. The findings of the current study support the hypothesis that oxidative and nitrosative stress are components of the multi-factory pathophysiological formation of OA. It seems reasonable that an inflammatory process in the synovial membrane triggers the generation of oxidative and nitrosative acting substances which can lead to a further degradation of the articular cartilage. Based on correlations between the observed degree of inflammation and investigated biomarkers, especially 8-isoprostane F2α seems to be a novel candidate biomarker for OA. However, due to the finding that also both control groups showed increased concentrations of selected biomarkers, future studies have to validate the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers in OA and in related conditions of the knee joint.

scholarly journals Docosahexaenoic Acid-Acylated Astaxanthin Esters Exhibit Superior Renal Protective Effect to Recombination of Astaxanthin with DHA via Alleviating Oxidative Stress Coupled with Apoptosis in Vancomycin-Treated Mice with Nephrotoxicity

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Hao-Hao Shi ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Li-Pin Chen ◽  
Cheng-Cheng Wang ◽  
Qing-Rong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Prevention of acute kidney injury caused by drugs is still a clinical problem to be solved urgently. Astaxanthin (AST) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important marine-derived active ingredients, and they are reported to exhibit renal protective activity. It is noteworthy that the existing forms of AST in nature are mainly fatty acid-acylated AST monoesters and diesters, as well as unesterified AST, in which DHA is an esterified fatty acid. However, no reports focus on the different bioactivities of unesterified AST, monoesters and diesters, as well as the recombination of DHA and unesterified AST on nephrotoxicity. In the present study, vancomycin-treated mice were used to evaluate the effects of DHA-acylated AST monoesters, DHA-acylated AST diesters, unesterified AST, and the recombination of AST and DHA in alleviating nephrotoxicity by determining serum biochemical index, histopathological changes, and the enzyme activity related to oxidative stress. Results found that the intervention of DHA-acylated AST diesters significantly ameliorated kidney dysfunction by decreasing the levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine, alleviating pathological damage and oxidative stress compared to AST monoester, unesterified AST, and the recombination of AST and DHA. Further studies revealed that dietary DHA-acylated AST esters could inhibit the activation of the caspase cascade and MAPKs signaling pathway, and reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings indicated that the administration of DHA-acylated AST esters could alleviate vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity, which represented a potentially novel candidate or therapeutic adjuvant for alleviating acute kidney injury.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Supplementation on Redox Unbalance in Hyperthyroid Cats Treated with Methimazole: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Alessia Candellone ◽  
Paola Badino ◽  
Paola Gianella ◽  
Flavia Girolami ◽  
Graziella Raviri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Methimazole (MMI) is often the selected medical treatment for feline hyperthyroidism. However, the onset of MMI-related side effects (MMI-SE) is likely caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluated the dietary supplementation of selected antioxidants in hyperthyroid cats receiving MMI, to reduce MMI-SE. Thirty hyperthyroid client-owned cats were randomly allocated in group M (MMI + placebo) or group M+A (MMI + antioxidants). At different time-points from the enrolment (ET) to the end of the trial (FT), the following information was recorded: clinical findings, complete blood count, serum biochemical parameters, urinalysis, total plasma thyroxine concentrations, determinable reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), OXY-adsorbent test values, and oxidative stress index (OSi) values, and MMI-SE. dROMs and OSi values significantly increased from ET to FT in group M and were significantly higher in group M than in group M+A at FT. Likewise, OXY-absorbent test values were significantly higher in group M+A than in group M at FT. Moreover, the occurrence rate of MMI-SE in group M+A was lower than in group M. In conclusion, our results show that the dietary supplementation of antioxidants in hyperthyroid cats receiving MMI exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress, likely contributing to the reduction of MMI-SE.

Aromatic aldehyde compound cuminaldehyde protects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats feeding high fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Haque ◽  
SH Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fat accumulation and is related with obesity and oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of cuminaldehyde on NAFLD in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were fed a HFD for 42 days to induce NAFLD. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated by histology and measuring liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), serum and hepatic lipids (total triglycerides and total cholesterol), and oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). The HFD feeding increased the liver weight and caused NAFLD, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes. Administration of cuminaldehyde ameliorated the changes in hepatic morphology and liver weight, decreased levels of liver enzymes, and inhibited lipogenesis. Our findings suggest that cuminaldehyde could improve HFD-induced NAFLD via abolishment of hepatic oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia. Cuminaldehyde might be considered as a potential aromatic compound in the treatment of NAFLD and obesity through the modulation of lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Biochemical and immunological investigation of fascioliasis in cattle in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-930
Author(s):  
Nani Nasreldin ◽  
Rania Samir Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Fasciola Spp ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background and Aim: Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are two commonly reported liver flukes that cause fascioliasis in ruminants. Among the members of the genus Fasciola, F. hepatica was identified in the study area. Fascioliasis is a major disease that affects the production of livestock by causing liver damage. F. hepatica has developed advanced mechanisms to trick, elude, and alter the host immune response, similar to an extrinsic stressor. These mechanisms consequently affect the animals' physiological and metabolic functions in vivo and postmortem changes, which have significant influences on animal welfare and meat quality development. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the current prevalence of cattle fascioliasis at abattoirs in El-Kharga city, New Valley Governorate, Egypt, and to investigate the changes in serum biochemical and immunological parameters and oxidative stress factors due to Fasciola spp. infection in terms of meat quality and immune response. Materials and Methods: A total of 226 cattle were inspected for the presence of Fasciola spp. The liver of each cattle was examined by making several incisions for detecting adult Fasciola spp. in El- Kharga . The blood samples were collected to analyze the changes in serum biochemical and immunological parameters and oxidative stress factors. Results: Of the 226 cattle, 38 (16.81%) were positive for F. hepatica at the postmortem examination. Cattle infected with F. hepatica had highly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, urea, and creatinine levels. Immunological cytokine profiles showed significantly increased serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta levels and a significantly decreased interferon-γ level. Furthermore, oxidative stress profiles showed significantly increased serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and significantly decreased total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione level. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that F. hepatica infection alone is an oxidative stress factor that affects slaughtered animals, leading to biochemical and metabolic alterations in the early postmortem period.

The Effects of Melatonin and Propolis on Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Clinical Outcomes, and Survival Rate in Patients with Primary Sepsis Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseh Pahlavani ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat ◽  
Gordon A Ferns ◽  
Mahdie Mir ◽  
Mahsa Malekahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) that occurs under stressful conditions affecting all organs of the body. Previous studies have shown that propolis and melatonin have the potential to improve inflammation and oxidative stress, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these supplements on SIRS treatment.Method: This was a randomized, controlled clinical trial in SIRS patients comprising 55 subjects that were randomly assigned to 3 intervention or control groups. In the 3 intervention groups, patients were treated with propolis alone (at dose of 1000 mg/day), propolis (1000 mg/day) plus melatonin (20 mg/day), and melatonin alone (20 mg/day) respectively, while there was no intervention in the control group. The inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and clinical outcomes were measured before and after of the intervention, also 28-day survival rate was assessed. Results: Propolis plus melatonin reduced serum interleukin 6 (p = 0.001) and CRP levels (p <0.001), and was associated with an increased gavage intake (p = 0.016). At the end of the study, there was no difference between the groups in the oxidative stress and hematological indices. In the propolis+melatonin group, the clinical outcomes were significantly improved (p <0.05). Also the SOFA score between the groups did not differ at any time, its changes was significant during the time (p>0.001). The average survival after 28 days of follow-up in the propolis, propolis+melatonin, melatonin and control groups were 24.08, 25.69, 22.05 and 19.42 days respectively, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.07).Conclusion and relevance: Supplementation with propolis+melatonin may help to improve clinical outcomes by reducing inflammation and was probably associated with an increase in the calorie intake, leading to an increase in the survival rate in SIRS patients, although more studies are necessary to prove these effects. Trial registration: IRCT20181025041460N1.

scholarly journals Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Damage Induced by Ovalbumin in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rana M. Alhusayan ◽  
Badr Abdullah Aldahmash ◽  
Doaa M. El-Nagar ◽  
Ahmad Rady ◽  
Khalid Elfakki Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vital Organ ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Daily Oral Administration ◽  
Liver Tissues

The liver is the most vital organ that could be influenced by inducers of hypersensitivity such as ovalbumin. The current study was carried out to explore the effects of butterbur (Petasites hybridus) extract on the ovalbumin-induced liver hypersensitivity in Swiss albino male mice. Animals were divided into 4 groups, 1st group served as a control group, 2nd group treated with daily oral administration of 75 mg/kg of butterbur extract, 3rd group received single oral dose 100 mg/kg of ovalbumin to induce hypersensitivity, and 4th group treated with oral administration of butterbur extract one-day post to the hypersensitivity induction. Ovalbumin induces a significant increase in the activity of liver enzymes and MDA and decreased the activity of CAT after the ovalbumin treatment. Histopathological investigations revealed marked pathological alterations in liver tissues in the form of hyaline degeneration and fibrosis. Additionally, heavy immune response indicated by immunostaining of MDA and TNF-α could be observed. In contrast, posttreatment with butterbur extract after hypersensitivity induction resulted in a significant decrease of liver enzymes and oxidative stress and reduced the inflammation and fibrosis of liver tissues. These results suggest that butterbur extract is considered as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic herb for hypersensitivity treatment of liver.

scholarly journals Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
Muhammad Jawad ◽  
Aatik Arsh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mine Workers

Objective: To assess the DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karak, Pakistan from March to October 2019. A total of 240 individuals participated in the study with an age range between 17 to 55 years. Among the total sample, 60 participants had exposure to traffic pollution while 60 were mine workers. Two control groups, consisting of 60 individuals each, were also recruited for comparison with the two exposure groups. Comet assay protocols were performed for assessing DNA damage and oxidative stress (length of DNA tail, levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH)). Data was analyzed using T-test on statistix 9.0 software. Results: The DNA tail length in traffic conductors ranged from 26.83-30.55µm (Mean=28.69 µm while their control group had DNA tail length of 7.98-9.26µm (Mean= 8.62). There was significant difference (P <0.001) between exposure and control group. The DNA length recorded in coal mine workers and their control group was ranged from 29.06-31.26µm (Mean=30.16µm) and 9.42-10.22µm (Mean=9.82), respectively. There was significant difference (P <0.001) between the two groups. As compared to control groups, both exposure groups have high levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde and low levels of Glutathione. The finding was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion: Increased inhalational exposure to air pollutants via working in traffic or coal mines can impose higher oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers as compared to the general population. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848 How to cite this:Ullah I, Zahid M, Jawad M, Arsh A. Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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